Ethyl Esterification of Long-Chain Unsaturated Fatty Acids Derived from Grape Must by Yeast during Alcoholic Fermentation

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3105-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita YUNOKI ◽  
Shuji HIROSE ◽  
Masao OHNISHI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Grape Must ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Psychosocial stress and cortisol stress reactivity predict breast milk composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ziomkiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Babiszewska ◽  
Anna Apanasewicz ◽  
Magdalena Piosek ◽  
Patrycja Wychowaniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractWe studied a sample of 146 Polish, exclusively breastfeeding mothers and their healthy born on time infants to explore the effect of perinatal psychosocial stress on breast milk composition. Maternal perinatal stress was assessed using Recent Life Changes Questionnaire summarizing stressful events from the previous six months. Stress reactivity was determined by administering the cold pressor test and measuring cortisol in saliva samples taken during the test. Breast milk sample was taken to measure energy, protein, fat, lactose, and fatty acid content. Analyses revealed that stress reactivity was positively associated with milk fat and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and negatively associated with milk lactose. Perinatal psychosocial stress negatively affected energy density, fat as well as medium-chain and long-chain saturated fatty acids in milk. These results, together with previous studies, advocate monitoring maternal psychological status during the peripartum to promote breastfeeding and healthy infant nutrition.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 813-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Palma Rennó ◽  
José Esler de Freitas Júnior ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
Lenita Camargo Verdurico ◽  
Marcos Veiga dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals The same rat Δ6-desaturase not only acts on 18- but also on 24-carbon fatty acids in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 364 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine D'ANDREA ◽  
Hervé GUILLOU ◽  
Sophie JAN ◽  
Daniel CATHELINE ◽  
Jean-Noël THIBAULT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Δ6 Desaturase

The recently cloned Δ6-desaturase is known to catalyse the first step in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, i.e. the desaturation of linoleic and α-linolenic acids. The hypothesis that this enzyme could also catalyse the terminal desaturation step, i.e. the desaturation of 24-carbon highly unsaturated fatty acids, has never been elucidated. To test this hypothesis, the activity of rat Δ6-desaturase expressed in COS-7 cells was investigated. Recombinant Δ6-desaturase expression was analysed by Western blot, revealing a single band at 45kDa. The putative involvement of this enzyme in the Δ6-desaturation of C24:5n-3 to C24:6n-3 was measured by incubating transfected cells with C22:5n-3. Whereas both transfected and non-transfected COS-7 cells were able to synthesize C24:5n-3 by elongation of C22:5n-3, only cells expressing Δ6-desaturase were also able to produce C24:6n-3. In addition, Δ6-desaturation of [1-14C]C24:5n-3 was assayed invitro in homogenates from COS-7 cells expressing Δ6-desaturase or not, showing that Δ6-desaturase catalyses the conversion of C24:5n-3 to C24:6n-3. Evidence is therefore presented that the same rat Δ6-desaturase catalyses not only the conversion of C18:3n-3 to C18:4n-3, but also the conversion of C24:5n-3 to C24:6n-3. A similar mechanism in the n-6 series is strongly suggested.

scholarly journals The serum competitor of oestrogen–rat α1-foetoprotein interactions. Identification as a mixture of non-esterified fatty acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Vallette ◽  
C Benassayag ◽  
L Savu ◽  
J Delorme ◽  
E A Nunez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Lipid Moiety ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Long Chain

The novel endogenous serum ligands of rat alpha 1-foetoprotein previously demonstrated in different mammalian sera were identified by g.l.c.–mass-spectrometric methods as a mixture of non-esterified long-chain and predominantly unsaturated fatty acids. Detailed comparative analyses of these ligands extracted from foetal- and pregnant-rat sera, rat amniotic fluid and foetal human sera are presented. We also show that an important fraction of these ligands remains associated with the rat alpha 1-foetoprotein after purification; analyses are given for the composition of this lipid moiety of the foetoprotein. The physiological relevance of these results is discussed.

scholarly journals The intracellular parasiteToxoplasma gondiidepends on the synthesis of long-chain and very long-chain unsaturated fatty acids not supplied by the host cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Ramakrishnan ◽  
Melissa D. Docampo ◽  
James I. MacRae ◽  
Julie E. Ralton ◽  
Thusitha Rupasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Overlapping Repressor Binding Sites Result in Additive Regulation of Escherichia coli FadH by FadR and ArcA

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (17) ◽  
pp. 4289-4299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjun Feng ◽  
John E. Cronan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli fadH encodes a 2,4-dienoyl reductase that plays an auxiliary role in β-oxidation of certain unsaturated fatty acids. In the 2 decades since its discovery, FadH biochemistry has been studied extensively. However, the genetic regulation of FadH has been explored only partially. Here we report mapping of the fadH promoter and document its complex regulation by three independent regulators, the fatty acid degradation FadR repressor, the oxygen-responsive ArcA-ArcB two-component system, and the cyclic AMP receptor protein-cyclic AMP (CRP-cAMP) complex. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that FadR binds to the fadH promoter region and that this binding can be specifically reversed by long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters. In vivo data combining transcriptional lacZ fusion and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses indicated that fadH is strongly repressed by FadR, in agreement with induction of fadH by long-chain fatty acids. Inactivation of arcA increased fadH transcription by >3-fold under anaerobic conditions. Moreover, fadH expression was increased 8- to 10-fold under anaerobic conditions upon deletion of both the fadR and the arcA gene, indicating that anaerobic expression is additively repressed by FadR and ArcA-ArcB. Unlike fadM, a newly reported member of the E. coli fad regulon that encodes another auxiliary β-oxidation enzyme, fadH was activated by the CRP-cAMP complex in a manner similar to those of the prototypical fad genes. In the absence of the CRP-cAMP complex, repression of fadH expression by both FadR and ArcA-ArcB was very weak, suggesting a possible interplay with other DNA binding proteins.

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