The Physiological Role of the Ribulose Monophosphate Pathway in Bacteria and Archaea

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo KATO ◽  
Hiroya YURIMOTO ◽  
Rudolf K. THAUER
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Ribulose Monophosphate Pathway

Physiological Role of Cyclic Electron Flow in Higher Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Wei HUANG ◽  
Shi-Bao ZHANG ◽  
Kun-Fang CAO
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cyclic Electron Flow

The Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel (ROMK): An Intriguing Pharmacological Target for an Innovative Class of Diuretic Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2627-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Calderone ◽  
Alma Martelli ◽  
Eugenia Piragine ◽  
Valentina Citi ◽  
Lara Testai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Potassium Homeostasis ◽  
Diuretic Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Target ◽  
Diuretic Agents ◽  
Effective Drugs

In the last four decades, the several classes of diuretics, currently available for clinical use, have been the first line option for the therapy of widespread cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. Diuretic drugs generally exhibit an overall favourable risk/benefit balance. However, they are not devoid of side effects. In particular, all the classes of diuretics cause alteration of potassium homeostasis. <p> In recent years, understanding of the physiological role of the renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channels, has shown an intriguing pharmacological target for developing an innovative class of diuretic agents: the ROMK inhibitors. This novel class is expected to promote diuretic activity comparable to (or even higher than) that provided by the most effective drugs used in clinics (such as furosemide), with limited effects on potassium homeostasis. <p> In this review, the physio-pharmacological roles of ROMK channels in the renal function are reported, along with the most representative molecules which have been currently developed as ROMK inhibitors.

scholarly journals Caspase-14—From Biomolecular Basics to Clinical Approach. A Review of Available Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5575
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Markiewicz ◽  
Dawid Sigorski ◽  
Mateusz Markiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek ◽  
Waldemar Placek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Caspase Family ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Science

Caspase-14 is a unique member of the caspase family—a family of molecules participating in apoptosis. However, it does not affect this process but regulates another form of programmed cell death—cornification, which is characteristic of the epidermis. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the formation of the skin barrier. The cell death cycle has been a subject of interest for researchers for decades, so a lot of research has been done to expand the understanding of caspase-14, its role in cell homeostasis and processes affecting its expression and activation. Conversely, it is also an interesting target for clinical researchers searching for its role in the physiology of healthy individuals and its pathophysiology in particular diseases. A summary was done in 2008 by Denecker et al., concentrating mostly on the biotechnological aspects of the molecule and its physiological role. However, a lot of new data have been reported, and some more practical and clinical research has been conducted since then. The majority of studies tackled the issue of clinical data presenting the role of caspase in the etiopathology of many diseases such as retinal dysfunctions, multiple malignancies, and skin conditions. This review summarizes the available knowledge on the molecular and, more interestingly, the clinical aspects of caspase-14. It also presents how theoretical science may pave the way for medical research. Methods: The authors analyzed publications available on PubMed until 21 March 2021, using the search term “caspase 14”.

scholarly journals Interphotoreceptor coupling: an evolutionary perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cangiano ◽  
Sabrina Asteriti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the vertebrate retina, signals generated by cones of different spectral preference and by highly sensitive rod photoreceptors interact at various levels to extract salient visual information. The first opportunity for such interaction is offered by electrical coupling of the photoreceptors themselves, which is mediated by gap junctions located at the contact points of specialised cellular processes: synaptic terminals, telodendria and radial fins. Here, we examine the evolutionary pressures for and against interphotoreceptor coupling, which are likely to have shaped how coupling is deployed in different species. The impact of coupling on signal to noise ratio, spatial acuity, contrast sensitivity, absolute and increment threshold, retinal signal flow and colour discrimination is discussed while emphasising available data from a variety of vertebrate models spanning from lampreys to primates. We highlight the many gaps in our knowledge, persisting discrepancies in the literature, as well as some major unanswered questions on the actual extent and physiological role of cone-cone, rod-cone and rod-rod communication. Lastly, we point toward limited but intriguing evidence suggestive of the ancestral form of coupling among ciliary photoreceptors.

scholarly journals The Phosphoarginine Phosphatase PtpB from Staphylococcus aureus Is Involved in Bacterial Stress Adaptation during Infection

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahem Elhawy ◽  
Sylvaine Huc-Brandt ◽  
Linda Pätzold ◽  
Laila Gannoun-Zaki ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa Abdrabou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a public health threat, especially in hospital settings. Studies aimed at deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie pathogenesis, host adaptation, and virulence are required to develop effective treatment strategies. Numerous host-pathogen interactions were found to be dependent on phosphatases-mediated regulation. This study focused on the analysis of the role of the low-molecular weight phosphatase PtpB, in particular, during infection. Deletion of ptpB in S. aureus strain SA564 significantly reduced the capacity of the mutant to withstand intracellular killing by THP-1 macrophages. When injected into normoglycemic C57BL/6 mice, the SA564 ΔptpB mutant displayed markedly reduced bacterial loads in liver and kidney tissues in a murine S. aureus abscess model when compared to the wild type. We also observed that PtpB phosphatase-activity was sensitive to oxidative stress. Our quantitative transcript analyses revealed that PtpB affects the transcription of various genes involved in oxidative stress adaptation and infectivity. Thus, this study disclosed first insights into the physiological role of PtpB during host interaction allowing us to link phosphatase-dependent regulation to oxidative bacterial stress adaptation during infection.

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