Improving Effect of Feeding with a Phosphorylated Guar Gum Hydrolysate on Calcium Absorption Impaired by Ovariectomy in Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu WATANABE ◽  
Hiroshi HARA ◽  
Yoritaka AOYAMA ◽  
Takanori KASAI
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

scholarly journals Ingestion of guar-gum hydrolysate partially restores calcium absorption in the large intestine lowered by suppression of gastric acid secretion in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Takuya Suzuki ◽  
Takanori Kasai ◽  
Yoritaka Aoyama ◽  
Atsutane Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Active Transport System

We examined the effects of feeding guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH), a highly fermentable form of dietary fibre with low viscosity, on Ca absorption in the small and large intestines in rats under conditions in which gastric acid secretion was suppressed by a proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole. We also examined the role of the caecum in influencing these effects. The study was designed in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with two diet (GGH-containing (50 g/kg diet) and GGH-free diets) groups, two injection (omeprazole and vehicle) groups and two operation (sham and caecectomy) groups. Apparent Ca absorption was lower in rats administered omeprazole (30 mg/kg body weight per d) for 8 d than in rats administered the vehicle. Ingestion of GGH led to partial restoration of Ca absorption decreased by omeprazole treatment. However, this increment in Ca absorption was not sufficient to meet requirements because the dietary Ca level (3·0 g/kg diet) was the minimum requirement for the intact rats. The small increment in Ca absorption caused by the GGH diet was completely abolished by caecectomy. Soluble Ca pools in the caecal and colonic contents were increased by feeding GGH, and the soluble Ca concentrations were much higher than the Kt values of the Ca active transport system in the large intestine or the serum Ca concentration. These findings suggest that Ca solubilization is not a limiting factor for Ca absorption in the large intestine. Apparent Mg absorption was clearly lower in caecectomized rats than in sham-operated rats, and higher in the GGH-fed groups than in the groups fed on the GGH-free diet, even in the case of caecectomized rats. We conclude that Ca absorption lowered by inhibition of gastric acid secretion is partially restored in rats fed with GGH, but the increment is not sufficient to meet requirements.

scholarly journals FDA Approval of Added Fiber as Dietary Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 632-632
Author(s):  
Dennis Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Fda Approval

Abstract Objectives The FDA after approximately 25-plus years of deliberations approved the definitions of dietary fiber (DF). Concurrently with these definitions, the FDA has approved 16 sources of Added Fiber (AF) to DF status, thus allowing their inclusion as DF in foods and on the Food Label. While the Institute of Medicine defined DF as the nondigestible carbohydrates (NDC) mainly in plant foods, they also used the term Added Fiber (AF) for any NDC extracted from a food or synthesized. The 16 sources of AF were approved for their clinical ability to demonstrate a “beneficial physiological effect for human health” (BPEFHH). The objective of this report is to give the range and mean value in grams, reported respectively, after each named AF to achieve a BPEFHH. Methods The method used to obtain this information was to review the major references used by the FDA is making their decisions. Results The results of the FDA approvals are: b-glucan (3 g/day) and psyllium husk (7 g/day} were reaffirmed as DF having previously been granted health claims to lower cholesterol. Other sources of AF approved to attenuate blood cholesterol levels were guar gum (15–30; 20), pectin (9–36; 17), locus bean gum (8–24; 17) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (5–15;9). The FDA approved, “mixed plant cell wall fibers” (intrinsic and intact)” as an encompassing term incorporating many of the AF individually approved. Arabinoxyln (2.6–15; 8), alginate (1.5–15; 9), and the resistant starches, RS-2 (25–40; 32) and RS-4 (17;17-one study) were approved for their ability to attenuate blood glucose and or insulin levels. Inulin and inulin-type fructans (3–44; 8), galactooligosaccharide (5–20; 11), and resistant maltodextrin were approved having demonstrated enhanced calcium absorption and or bone calcium retention. Polydextrose ((6.25; 13) was approved for its ability to reduce food (calorie) intakes thus helping to reduce body weight, promote satiety while only providing one (1) kcal/g. Conclusions In the FDA approval declarations, they commented they will “consider enforcement discretion for declaring the amount of [AF]” as DF to demonstrate BPEFHH. But for the time being, these FDA approvals explain the BPEFHH of AF and help justify the need for more DF in the diet. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Ingestion of Guar Gum Hydrolysate, a Soluble Fiber, Increases Calcium Absorption in Totally Gastrectomized Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Takuya Suzuki ◽  
Takanori Kasai ◽  
Yoritaka Aoyama ◽  
Atsutane Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Soluble Fiber

scholarly journals Increases in calcium absorption with ingestion of soluble dietary fibre, guar-gum hydrolysate, depend on the caecum in partially nephrectomized and normal rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Masashi Nagata ◽  
Atsutane Ohta ◽  
Takanori Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Intact Rats

Effects of feeding soluble dietary fibre on apparent Ca absorption and the contribution of the caecum to Ca absorption were examined in five-sixths nephrectomized (NPX)and normal rats with or without caecectomy in four experiments. It is known that Ca absorption is lowered by renal failure. In the first experiment the amounts of femur Ca increased linearly with increasing dietary Ca up to 3·0 g Ca/kg diet in intact rats. Partial nephrectomy decreased apparent Ca absorption in rats fed on diets containing 30 and 4·5 g Ca/kg diet. In the NPX groups, Ca absorption in rats fed on the diet containing guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH; 50 g/kg diet; 3·0 g Ca/kg diet) was significantly higher than that in rats fed on a fibre-free diet, and the increase in Ca absorption with GGH feeding was completely abolished by caecectomy. Also, ingestion of GGH increased Ca absorption in normal rats, but not in normal, caecectomized rats. Mg absorption was also increased with GGH feeding and was decreased with caecaectomyin NPX and normal rats. In experiments which used caecectomized rats, coprophagy wasprevented with an anal cup to avoid re-ingestion of faecal Ca. We conclude that ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, GGH, increased apparent Ca absorption in NPX and non-NPX rats, and the caecum was responsible for these increases in Ca absorption.

scholarly journals Ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, polydextrose, increases calcium absorption and bone mineralization in normal and total-gastrectomized rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Takuya Suzuki ◽  
Yoritaka Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre

We previously demonstrated that feeding a highly fermentable and water-soluble dietary fibre, guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH) increased intestinal absorption of insoluble Ca salts in total-gastrectomized rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of feeding a less fermentable and water-soluble fibre, polydextrose (PD), on Ca absorption and bone mineralization in the normal and total-gastrectomized rats in comparison with the effects of GGH. Apparent Ca absorption was severely lowered by gastrectomy, and PD feeding (50 g/kg diet) partially restored the reduction of Ca absorption similarly to GGH feeding (50 g/kg diet). PD feeding also increased the Ca absorption in normal rats, but not GGH feeding. Femur Ca concentration was reduced with gastrectomy. Feeding PD for 21 d increased the bone Ca concentration in both normal and gastrectomized rats, but GGH feeding did not. In rats fed PD, pH of the caecal contents was lower than in rats fed fibre-free and GGH diets; however, soluble Ca concentration in the caecal contents was not different between the diet groups. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations were much lower in the PD groups than in the GGH groups. We also examinedin vitroCa absorption by using everted sacs of the small intestine. Addition of PD to the serosal medium of the ileal sacs increased Ca absorption, but addition of GGH did not. These results suggest that the small intestine rather than the large intestine is responsible for the increase in Ca absorption in rats fed PD, and suggests that the mechanism for the increase by PD may be different from that by GGH.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Wet Corn Noodle: Effect of Feeding Rate and Guar Gum Addition

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahja Muhandri* ◽  
◽  
Subarna ◽  
Nurheni Sri Palupi
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Effect of feeding on "fear" as measured by passive avoidance in rats.

1970 ◽  
Vol 70 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvie H. Wilson ◽  
James A. Dinsmoor
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Studies of Calcium Absorption in Man Using a CD-2 Whole-Body Counter

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
K. Bakos ◽  
Věra Wernischová
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Calcium Load ◽  
Calcium Malabsorption ◽  
Whole Body Counting

SummaryWhole-body counting makes an important contribution of radioisotope techniques to ȁEin vivo“ absorption studies, in comparison with other methods. In a large number of subjects, the method was tested for its usefulness in the diagnosis of calcium malabsorption. The effects of drugs, of the calcium load in the gut and of the whole-body content of calcium on the absorption process were studied in a control group.

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