scholarly journals Evidence for the Existence of a Soybean Resistant Protein That Captures Bile Acid and Stimulates Its Fecal Excretion

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2844-2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko HIGAKI ◽  
Kenji SATO ◽  
Hitoshi SUDA ◽  
Tomohiko SUZUKA ◽  
Takeo KOMORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Fecal Excretion

scholarly journals Atorvastatin Modulates Bile Acid Homeostasis in Mice with Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6468
Author(s):  
Hana Lastuvkova ◽  
Fatemeh Alaei Faradonbeh ◽  
Jolana Schreiberova ◽  
Milos Hroch ◽  
Jaroslav Mokry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Chow Diet

Bile acids (BA) play a significant role in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The present study evaluates the modulation of bile acid metabolomics by atorvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering agent commonly used to treat cardiovascular complications accompanying NASH. NASH was induced in mice by 24 weeks of consuming a high–saturated fat, high-fructose, and high-cholesterol diet (F), with atorvastatin administered orally (20 mg/kg/day) during the last three weeks. Biochemical and histological analyses confirmed the effectiveness of the F diet in inducing NASH. Untreated NASH animals had significantly reduced biliary secretion of BA and increased fecal excretion of BA via decreased apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (Asbt)-mediated reabsorption. Atorvastatin decreased liver steatosis and inflammation in NASH animals consistently with a reduction in crucial lipogenic enzyme stearoyl–coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase-1 and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B-cell pro-inflammatory signaling, respectively. In this group, atorvastatin also uniformly enhanced plasma concentration, biliary secretion and fecal excretion of the secondary BA, deoxycholic acid (DCA). However, in the chow diet–fed animals, atorvastatin decreased plasma concentrations of BA, and reduced BA biliary secretions. These changes stemmed primarily from the increased fecal excretion of BA resulting from the reduced Asbt-mediated BA reabsorption in the ileum and suppression of synthesis in the liver. In conclusion, our results reveal that atorvastatin significantly modulates BA metabolomics by altering their intestinal processing and liver synthesis in control and NASH mice.

scholarly journals 2103 Fecal bile acids, fecal short-chain fatty acids, and the intestinal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and control volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Andrea Shin ◽  
David Nelson ◽  
John Wo ◽  
Michael Camilleri ◽  
Toyia James-Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Irritable Bowel

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Objectives and goals of this study will be to: (1) compare fecal microbiota and fecal organic acids in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and controls and (2) investigate the association between colonic transit and fecal microbiota in IBS patients and controls. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We propose an investigation of fecal organic acids, colonic transit and fecal microbiota in 36 IBS patients and 18 healthy controls. The target population will be adults ages 18–65 years meeting Rome IV criteria for IBS (both diarrhea- and constipation-predominant, IBS-D and IBS-C) and asymptomatic controls. Exclusion criteria are: (a) history of microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, visceral cancer, chronic infectious disease, immunodeficiency, uncontrolled thyroid disease, liver disease, or elevated AST/ALT>2.0× the upper limit of normal, (b) prior radiation therapy of the abdomen or abdominal surgeries with the exception of appendectomy or cholecystectomy >6 months before study initiation, (c) ingestion of prescription, over the counter, or herbal medications affecting gastrointestinal transit or study interpretation within 6 months of study initiation for controls or within 2 days before study initiation for IBS patients, (d) pregnant females, (e) antibiotic usage within 3 months before study participation, (f) prebiotic or probiotic usage within the 2 weeks before study initiation, (g) tobacco users. Primary outcomes will be fecal bile acid excretion and profile, short-chain fatty acid excretion and profile, colonic transit, and fecal microbiota. Secondary outcomes will be stool characteristics based on responses to validated bowel diaries. Stool samples will be collected from participants during the last 2 days of a 4-day 100 g fat diet and split into 3 samples for fecal microbiota, SCFA, and bile acid analysis and frozen. Frozen aliquots will be shipped to the Metabolite Profiling Facility at Purdue University and the Mayo Clinic Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology for SCFA and bile acid measurements, respectively. Analysis of fecal microbiota will be performed in the research laboratory of Dr David Nelson in collaboration with bioinformatics expertise affiliated with the Nelson lab. Colonic transit time will be measured with the previously validated method using radio-opaque markers. Generalized linear models will be used as the analysis framework for comparing study endpoints among groups. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This study seeks to examine the innovative concept that specific microbial signatures are associated with increased fecal excretion of organic acids to provide unique insights on a potential mechanistic link between altered intraluminal organic acids and fecal microbiota. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Results may lead to development of targets for novel therapies and diagnostic biomarkers for IBS, emphasizing the role of the fecal metabolome.

Time course of fecal steroid-C14 excretion in various rodents

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Beher ◽  
G. D. Baker ◽  
D. G. Penney
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Neutral Sterol ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Intermediate Rate ◽  
Intermediate Amount

A study was made of the rates of fecal excretion of sterol-C14 and bile acid-C14 during a 7-day period after an intraperitoneal injection of dl-mevalonic acid-2-C14. The percentages of fecal C14 steroids excreted as bile acid-C14 by several species were: mouse, 51%; hamster, 62%; rat, 62%; guinea pig, 33%; gerbil, 66%; and rabbit, 56%. The balance of excretion was neutral sterol-C14. The ratios of fecal bile acid-C14 to neutral sterol-C14 varied with time. The animals can be divided into three groups in respect to rate of excretion: rat and mouse had high excretion rates; gerbil an intermediate rate; while hamster, guinea pig, and rabbit had low rates. The amounts of C14 sterols retained in serum, liver, and carcass after 7 days were determined. The highest retained activity was in guinea pig and rabbit, the lowest in rat tissues. The sum of excreted steroid-C14 and retained sterol-C14, which equals total synthesized steroid-C14, was calculated. Guinea pig, rat, and mouse incorporated the greatest amount of C14; gerbil, an intermediate amount; and hamster, the smallest amount.

scholarly journals A commercial grain-free diet does not decrease plasma amino acids and taurine status but increases bile acid excretion when fed to Labrador Retrievers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan A Donadelli ◽  
Julia G Pezzali ◽  
Patricia M Oba ◽  
Kelly S Swanson ◽  
Craig Coon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Bile Acid Excretion ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

Abstract Grain-free diets tend to have greater inclusions of pulses in contrast to grain-based diets. In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a statement that grain-free diets may be related to the development of canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, all dog foods met regulatory minimums for nutrient inclusion recommended by the Association of American Feed Controls Official. In some FDA case reports, but not all, dogs diagnosed with DCM also had low concentrations of plasma or whole blood taurine; thus, we hypothesized that feeding these diets will result in reduced taurine status from baseline measures. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding a grain-free diet to large-breed dogs on taurine status and overall health. Eight Labrador Retrievers (four males and four females; Four Rivers Kennel, MO) were individually housed and fed a commercial complete and balanced grain-free diet (Acana Pork and Squash formula; APS) for 26 wk. Fasted blood samples were collected prior to the start of the trial (baseline; week 0) and at weeks 13 and 26 for analyses of blood chemistry, hematology, plasma amino acids, and whole blood taurine. Urine was collected by free catch at weeks 0 and 26 for taurine and creatinine analyses. Fresh fecal samples were collected at weeks 0 and 26 for bile acid analyses. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure with repeated measures in SAS (v. 9.4). Plasma His, Met, Trp, and taurine and whole blood taurine concentrations increased over the course of the study (P < 0.05). Urinary taurine to creatinine ratio was not affected by diet (P > 0.05). Fecal bile acid excretion increased after 26 wk of feeding APS to dogs. Despite the higher fecal excretion of bile acids, plasma and whole blood taurine increased over the 26-wk feeding study. These data suggest that feeding APS, a grain-free diet, over a 26-wk period improved taurine status in Labrador Retrievers and is not the basis for the incidence of DCM for dogs fed APS. Other factors that may contribute to the etiology of DCM should be explored.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Attenuates Trimethylamine- N -Oxide (TMAO)-Induced Atherosclerosis by Regulating TMAO Synthesis and Bile Acid Metabolism via Remodeling of the Gut Microbiota

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-liang Chen ◽  
Long Yi ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Xi Zhou ◽  
Li Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
As Effects

ABSTRACT The gut microbiota is found to be strongly associated with atherosclerosis (AS). Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural phytoalexin with anti-AS effects; however, its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the anti-AS effects of RSV were related to changes in the gut microbiota. We found that RSV attenuated trimethylamine- N -oxide (TMAO)-induced AS in ApoE −/− mice. Meanwhile, RSV decreased TMAO levels by inhibiting commensal microbial trimethylamine (TMA) production via gut microbiota remodeling in mice. Moreover, RSV increased levels of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , which increased the bile salt hydrolase activity, thereby enhancing bile acid (BA) deconjugation and fecal excretion in C57BL/6J and ApoE −/− mice. This was associated with a decrease in ileal BA content, repression of the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) axis, and increased cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression and hepatic BA neosynthesis. An FXR antagonist had the same effect on FGF15 and CYP7A1 expression as RSV, while an FXR agonist abolished RSV-induced alterations in FGF15 and CYP7A1 expression. In mice treated with antibiotics, RSV neither decreased TMAO levels nor increased hepatic BA synthesis. Additionally, RSV-induced inhibition of TMAO-caused AS was also markedly abolished by antibiotics. In conclusion, RSV attenuated TMAO-induced AS by decreasing TMAO levels and increasing hepatic BA neosynthesis via gut microbiota remodeling, and the BA neosynthesis was partially mediated through the enterohepatic FXR-FGF15 axis. IMPORTANCE Recently, trimethylamine- N -oxide (TMAO) has been identified as a novel and independent risk factor for promoting atherosclerosis (AS) partially through inhibiting hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathophysiology of TMAO-induced AS. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural phytoalexin with prebiotic benefits. A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that phenolic phytochemicals with poor bioavailability are possibly acting primarily through remodeling of the gut microbiota. The current study showed that RSV attenuated TMAO-induced AS by decreasing TMAO levels and increasing hepatic BA neosynthesis via gut microbiota remodeling. And RSV-induced hepatic BA neosynthesis was partially mediated through downregulating the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 axis. These results offer new insights into the mechanisms responsible for RSV’s anti-AS effects and indicate that the gut microbiota may become an interesting target for pharmacological or dietary interventions to decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals PSXI-28 Commercial grain-free diet improved taurine status, but increased bile acid excretion when fed to Labrador Retrievers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 317-318
Author(s):  
Renan Antunes Donadelli ◽  
Julia G Pezzali ◽  
Patrícia M Oba ◽  
Kelly S Swanson ◽  
Craig N Coon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Bile Acid Excretion ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

Abstract In 2018 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a statement that grain-free diets may be related to the increased incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. This statement was made despite all implicated diets meeting nutrient requirements published by the Association of American Feed Controls Official (AAFCO) and enforced by State Officials. Many of these dogs presented with low plasma or whole blood taurine concentrations, and as such, we hypothesized that feeding these diets would result in reduced taurine status over a 26 wk feeding period. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding a grain-free diet to large breed dogs on taurine status and overall health. Eight Labrador Retrievers (4 males, 4 females; Four Rivers Kennel, MO) were individually housed and fed a commercial complete and balanced grain-free diet (Acana Pork and Squash formula; APS; moisture 8.40%, crude protein 37.81%, crude fat 18.78%, ash 8.06%, and total dietary fiber 11.40%) for 26 weeks. Fasted blood samples were collected at week 0 and 26 for analyses of plasma and whole blood taurine. Urine was collected by free catch and analyzed for taurine and creatinine. Fresh fecal samples were collected and analyzed for bile acids. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure with repeated measures in SAS (v. 9.4). Dogs were healthy throughout the duration of the trial. Urinary taurine to creatinine ratio did not change throughout the feeding period (wk 0 = 0.25 vs. wk 26 = 0.28). Fecal bile acid excretion increased after 26 weeks of feeding APS to dogs. Despite the higher fecal excretion of bile acids, plasma and whole blood taurine increased over the 26 wk feeding period. In conclusion, feeding APS for 26 wk results in increased taurine status in large breed dogs, despite higher excretion of fecal bile acids.

scholarly journals SAT-655 Bile Acid Sequestration Synergistically Accelerates Glucagon Receptor-Stimulated Body Weight Loss in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teayoun Kim ◽  
Shelly R Nason ◽  
Jessica Antipenko ◽  
Natalie Presedo ◽  
Brian Finan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Glucagon Receptor

Abstract Glucagon, an essential regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, also promotes weight loss in obese mice. We have shown that hepatic Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR, a bile acid receptor) and bile acids (BA) play an important role in the anti-obesity effect of glucagon in mice. Specifically, glucagon-receptor (GCGR) agonism is a potent regulator of BA metabolism, increasing total plasma BA levels and preferentially raising cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid levels. These findings led us to hypothesize that BA, signaling via hepatic FXR, contributes to GCGR-stimulated weight loss. Furthermore, we reasoned that BA sequestration may impair GCGR-mediated weight loss by reducing the availability of BA to stimulate FXR-action. Thus, to elucidate the role of BA in GCGR-mediated weight loss, we utilized anion-exchange BA-binding resins (BARS; Cholestyramine and Colesevelam) to prevent intestinal (ileal) re-uptake and reduce plasma total cholesterol, LDL, and BAs via fecal excretion. Diet-induced obese (DIO) C57Bl/6J mice were randomized to groups matched for body-weight and administered daily GCGR agonism (IUB288, 10 nmol/kg, s.c.) or vehicle, in the presence or absence of BARS. Consistent with our prior findings, IUB288-treatment reduced body weight in DIO mice. Counter to our original hypothesis, IUB288+Cholestyramine (3% in high fat diet, HFD [58% kcal%]) enhanced IUB288-stimulated weight loss. Similar body-weight loss effects following combined IUB288 and BARS treatment were replicated both at a lower dose of Cholestyramine (1.5% in HFD), as well as in combination with both low- (2% in HFD) and high- (4% in HFD) dose Colesevelam. IUB288-stimulated weight loss is accompanied by suppression of food intake (FI), while Colesevelam alone did not significantly lower FI at either dose (2 or 4% in HFD). However, 4% Colesevelam with IUB288 completely suppressed FI, while 2% Colesevelam stimulated a reduced, though not complete suppression. GCGR agonism is a potent stimulus of weight loss; however, its impairment of glucose tolerance reduces its value as a monotherapy. Excitingly, Cholestyramine (3% in HFD) rescued IUB288-induced glucose intolerance, restoring glucose excursion to levels observed in control (vehicle-treated) mice. Together these studies suggest BARS may enhance the anti-obesity effect of GCGR agonism, beneficially regulate feeding behaviors, and prevent GCGR-stimulated glucose dysregulation in DIO mice. Furthermore, these studies argue that GCGR agonsim combined with BARS treatment may represent a novel therapeutic approach for obesity and obesity-associated glucose intolerance.

scholarly journals Bile Acid Sequestrant, Sevelamer Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis with Reduced Overload of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharide in Experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tsuji ◽  
Kosuke Kaji ◽  
Mitsuteru Kitade ◽  
Daisuke Kaya ◽  
Koh Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Bile Acid Sequestrant ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Α Diversity

Despite the use of various pharmacotherapeutic strategies, fibrosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains an unsatisfied clinical issue. We investigated the effect of sevelamer, a hydrophilic bile acid sequestrant, on hepatic fibrosis in a murine NASH model. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat (CDHF) diet for 12 weeks with or without orally administered sevelamer hydrochloride (2% per diet weight). Histological and biochemical analyses revealed that sevelamer prevented hepatic steatosis, macrophage infiltration, and pericellular fibrosis in CDHF-fed mice. Sevelamer reduced the portal levels of total bile acid and inhibited both hepatic and intestinal farnesoid X receptor activation. Gut microbiome analysis demonstrated that sevelamer improved a lower α-diversity and prevented decreases in Lactobacillaceae and Clostridiaceae as well as increases in Desulfovibrionaceae and Enterobacteriaceae in the CDHF-fed mice. Additionally, sevelamer bound to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the intestinal lumen and promoted its fecal excretion. Consequently, the sevelamer treatment restored the tight intestinal junction proteins and reduced the portal LPS levels, leading to the suppression of hepatic toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, sevelamer inhibited the LPS-mediated induction of fibrogenic activity in human hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Collectively, sevelamer inhibited the development of murine steatohepatitis by reducing hepatic LPS overload.

Amaranth Oil Increased Fecal Excretion of Bile Acid but Had No Effect in Reducing Plasma Cholesterol in Hamsters

Lipids ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luíla Ívini Andrade de Castro ◽  
Rosana Aparecida Manólio Soares ◽  
Paulo H. N. Saldiva ◽  
Roseli A. Ferrari ◽  
Ana M. R. O. Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Amaranth Oil

scholarly journals Effect of bile acid deconjugation on the fecal excretion of steroids

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-366
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Kellogg ◽  
P. Leonard Knight ◽  
Bernard S. Wostmann
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Fecal Excretion
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