scholarly journals (2411–2414) Proposals to conserve the names Pseudopeziza jaapii (Blumeriella jaapii) against Cylindrosporium padi; Pyrenopeziza medicaginis (Leptotrochila medicaginis) against Sporonema phacidioides; Peziza cinnamomea (Pezicula cinnamomea) against Naemaspora grisea; and Pyrenopeziza brassicae against Cylindrosporium concentricum (Ascomycota: Leotiomycetes)

Taxon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
Amy Y Rossman ◽  
Peter Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Blumeriella Jaapii

Control of Blumeriella jaapii and determination of fungicide residues in sour cherry fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-348
Author(s):  
V. Božić ◽  
S. Vuković ◽  
S. Lazić ◽  
D. Šunjka ◽  
A. Žunić
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Fungicide Residues

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence Resource for Blumeriella jaapii, the Cherry Leaf Spot Pathogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1507-1510
Author(s):  
Jingyu Peng ◽  
J. Alejandro Rojas ◽  
Hyunkyu Sang ◽  
Tyre J. Proffer ◽  
Cory A. Outwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽  
High Quality Genome

Blumeriella jaapii is the causal agent of cherry leaf spot (CLS), the most important disease of tart cherry in the Midwestern United States. Infection of leaves by B. jaapii leads to premature defoliation, which places trees at heightened risk of winter injury and death. Current management of CLS relies primarily on the application of three important fungicide classes, quinone outside inhibitors, sterol demethylation inhibitors, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Here, we present the first high-quality genome of B. jaapii through a hybrid assembly of PacBio long reads and Illumina short reads. The assembled draft genome of B. jaapii is 47.4 Mb and consists of 95 contigs with a N50 value of 1.5 Mb. The genomic information of B. jaapii, representing the most complete sequenced genome of the family Dermateaceae (Ascomycota) to date, provides a valuable resource for identifying fungicide resistance mechanisms of this pathogen and expands our knowledge of the phytopathogenic fungi in this family.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the 14α-Demethylase Target Gene (CYP51) Mediates Fungicide Resistance in Blumeriella jaapii

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2581-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Ma ◽  
Tyre J. Proffer ◽  
Janette L. Jacobs ◽  
George W. Sundin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Long Interspersed Nuclear Element ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

ABSTRACT Sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are widely used to control fungi pathogenic to humans and plants. Resistance to DMIs is mediated either through alterations in the structure of the target enzyme CYP51 (encoding 14α-demethylase), through increased expression of the CYP51 gene, or through increased expression of efflux pumps. We found that CYP51 expression in DMI-resistant (DMIR) isolates of the cherry leaf spot pathogen Blumeriella jaapii was increased 5- to 12-fold compared to that in DMI-sensitive (DMIS) isolates. Analysis of sequences upstream of CYP51 in 59 DMIR isolates revealed that various forms of a truncated non-long terminal direct repeat long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposon were present in all instances. Similar inserts upstream of CYP51 were not present in any of 22 DMIS isolates examined.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Distribution, and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection of Resistance to Sterol Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides in Populations of Blumeriella jaapii in Michigan

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyre J. Proffer ◽  
Raffaele Berardi ◽  
Zhonghua Ma ◽  
James E. Nugent ◽  
Gail R. Ehret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor ◽  
Cherry Trees

The intensive use of site-specific fungicides in agricultural production provides a potent selective mechanism for increasing the frequency of fungicide-resistant isolates in pathogen populations. Practical resistance occurs when the frequency and levels of resistance are great enough to limit the effectiveness of disease control in the field. Cherry leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungus Blumeriella jaapii, is a major disease of cherry trees in the Great Lakes region. The site-specific sterol demethylation inhibitor fungicides (DMIs) have been used extensively in the region. In 2002, CLS control failed in a Michigan orchard that had used the DMI fenbuconazole exclusively for 8 years. That control failure and our observations from around the state suggested that practical resistance had developed in B. jaapii. Field trial data covering 1989 to 2005 for the DMIs fenbuconazole and tebuconazole supported observations of reduced efficacy of DMIs for controlling CLS. To verify the occurrence of fungicide-resistant B. jaapii, monoconidial isolates were collected in two surveys and tested using a fungicide-amended medium. In one survey, 137 isolates from sites with different DMI histories (no known history, mixed or alternated with other fungicides, and exclusive use) were tested against 12 concentrations of fenbuconazole, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, and fenarimol. Isolates from sites with no prior DMI use were DMI sensitive (DMIS = no colony growth at 0.2 μg/ml a.i.) whereas the isolates from the site with prior exclusive use showed growth at DMI concentrations 3 to >100 times higher, and were rated as DMI resistant (DMIR). A second survey examined 1,530 monoconidial isolates, including 1,143 from 62 orchard sites in Michigan, where DMIs had been used to control CLS. Resistance to fenbuconazole was detected in 99.7% of the orchard isolates. All isolates from wild cherry trees were sensitive and isolates from feral and dooryard trees showed a range of sensitivities. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method for identifying B. jaapii and DMIR was developed and tested. The species-specific primer pair (Bj-F and Bj-R) based on introns in the CYP51 gene of B. jaapii, and the DMIR-specific primer pair (DMI-R-Bj-F and DMI-R-Bj-R) based on an insert found upstream of CYP51 in all DMIR isolates, provided an accurate and rapid method for detecting DMIR B. jaapii. The PCR-based identification method will facilitate timely decision making and continued monitoring of DMIR subpopulations in response to management programs.

scholarly journals Some aspects of disease management of cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii) with special reference to pesticide use

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb ◽  
P. Lakatos ◽  
F. Abonyi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽  
Fallen Leaves

In this review, some aspects of disease management of cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii) are summarised with special reference to pesticide use. In the first part of the review, we show the non-chemical control approach (e. g. removal of fallen leaves, planting resistant cultivar) against leaf spot. In the second part of the review, the effect of pesticides including fertilizers (urea) and fungicides on cherry leaf spot are discussed. Special attention are given to the fungicides of copper, dodine, captafol, captan, benomil, chlorothalonil, sterol demethylation inhibitors (e.g. fenarimol, fenbuconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconazole), and strobilurins about their effectiveness against cherry leaf spot. In the final part of the review, possibilities of cherry leaf spot control are discussed in integrated and organic cherry orchards.

scholarly journals Boscalid Resistance in Blumeriella jaapii: Distribution, Effect on Field Efficacy, and Molecular Characterization

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory A. Outwater ◽  
Tyre J. Proffer ◽  
Nikki L. Rothwell ◽  
Jingyu Peng ◽  
George W. Sundin
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Sdhb Gene ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

Cherry leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungus Blumeriella jaapii, is a major disease of tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) trees, leading to early defoliation that results in uneven ripening and poor fruit quality in the current season, reduced fruit set in the following season, and increased potential for winter injury and tree death. Pristine (BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC), a commonly used fungicide for CLS management in Michigan, is a premix of boscalid, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, and pyraclostrobin, a quinone outside inhibitor. Reduced efficacy of Pristine for CLS control was observed in field trials and commercial orchards and highlights the importance of fungicide resistance monitoring. A total of 1,189 isolates from 31 commercial orchards in Michigan, 111 isolates from nontreated trees (four locations in Michigan and two locations in Ohio), and 133 isolates from a research orchard were collected during 2010, 2011, and 2012 and assayed on boscalid-amended media at concentrations ranging from 0 to 25 μg ml−1. Because of the very slow growth rate of B. jaapii in culture, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of boscalid as opposed to the effective concentration that inhibits mycelial growth to 50% of the control. Isolates from nontreated trees had MIC values ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μg ml−1; the MIC of isolates from commercial orchards ranged from 0.1 to >25 μg ml−1, and isolates from the research orchard ranged from 2.5 to >25 μg ml−1. Isolates with MIC values ≥25 μg ml−1 were considered boscalid resistant and comprised 0% of the nontreated isolates, 30.4% of the commercial isolates, and 42.1% of the research orchard isolates. Sequencing of the sdhB gene of resistant isolates led to the detection of the amino acid mutation H260R, which is known to confer boscalid resistance in other phytopathogenic fungi. Our results indicate that the occurrence of the H260R mutation in Michigan populations of B. jaapii is correlated with the reduction in sensitivity to boscalid observed in commercial orchards.

scholarly journals Effects of Cherry Leaf Spot on Photosynthesis in Tart Cherry ‘Montmorency’ Foliage

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Gruber ◽  
E. L. Kruger ◽  
P. S. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
First Time

Results described here span a total of three field seasons and quantitatively depict the effects of an economically important fungal pathogen (Blumeriella jaapii) on tart cherry (Prunus cerasus ‘Montmorency’) leaf physiology. For the first time, leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance (gs), maximum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation rate (Vcmax), and maximum electron transport (Jmax) were measured as functions of visible cherry leaf spot disease (CLS) severity. Defined as the proportion of chlorotic and necrotic tissue per leaf, CLS severity was estimated from leaves of mature ‘Montmorency’ trees in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Briefly, as visible disease severity increased, all of the leaf-level physiological parameters decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and disproportionately. Thus, the effects of visible symptoms on leaf photosynthetic metabolic function encroached upon asymptomatic tissue as well. Impairment of photosynthetic metabolism in ‘Montmorency’ tart cherry leaves due to CLS appears to be mediated through disproportionately large perturbations in gs, Vcmax, and Jmax. These findings offer a new perspective on the amount of damage that this serious disease can inflict.

Life cycle of a new species of Blumeriella (Ascomycotina: Dermateaceae), a leaf-spot pathogen of spirea

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2048-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Williamson ◽  
Ernest C. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Conidial Morphology ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
A New Species

Cylindrosporium filipendulae Thuem. was isolated from diseased Spiraea ×vanhouttei Zabel in Tennessee. On the basis of acervulus formation and conidial morphology, C. filipendulae is transferred to the genus Phloeosporella. Apothecia observed on overwintered S. ×vanhouttei leaves were determined by cultural methods to be the teleomorph of the Phloeosporella species. Conidia produced in culture by ascospore isolates infected spirea leaves and induced symptoms identical with those caused by the Phloeosporella species. Morphology and development of the teleomorph were compared with those of Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) v. Arx (= Coccomyces hiemalis Hig.) and found to be quite similar. The new teleomorph is described as a species of Blumeriella.

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