scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding cholangiocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz Serrano Uson Junior ◽  
Mansi Arora ◽  
James M Bogenberger ◽  
Mitesh J Borad
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Personalized Therapy ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Molecular Landscape ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) encompasses all tumors originating in the epithelium of the bile ducts, including the intrahepatic bile ducts (ICCA) and extrahepatic bile ducts (ECCA). The incidence of ICCA and ECCA has increased in the last few decades, and molecular advances in both entities have brought understanding of their differences and allowed treatment advances aimed at personalized therapy. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the molecular landscape of CCAs, emerging treatment biomarker-guided strategies, and future insights into the management of advanced disease.

scholarly journals For the 30th anniversary of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: problems remain

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
I V Fedorov ◽  
A N Chugunov ◽  
L E Slavin ◽  
D A Slavin ◽  
V I Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Iatrogenic Damage ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Legal Costs

The review describes perioperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Over the past 30 years, laparoscopy has become the «gold standard» for cholecystectomy and one of the most frequently performed procedures in abdominal surgery. Nevertheless, despite the advantages of the method, it has an «Achilles heel» - the frequency of iatrogenic damage to the extrahepatic bile ducts is 3-5 times higher than with an open cholecystectomy. This complication has a negative effect on the survival of patients after surgery, leads to deterioration in the quality of life and is a major source of legal costs in many countries. In general, the total range for any damage to the biliary tract during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is 0.32-0.52%, while the complication rate and mortality rate are 1.6-5.3% and 0.08-0.14%, respectively. Patients who have undergone a complete intersection of the hepaticoholedochus, become «bile cripples» for life. Recurrent cholangitis, strictures of anastomoses with a possible outcome in liver cirrhosis are quite likely in later periods after damage to the intrahepatic bile ducts. Technological efforts to improve the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy reside. These include the routine use of intraoperative cholangiography, infrared fluorescent cholangiography, etc. Nevertheless, despite the growing number of methods designed to reduce these complications, evidence of their effectiveness remains limited. The most important factors ensuring the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are recognized: understanding of anatomy, adequate exposure when using electrosurgery, psychological readiness to invite a senior colleague in time for help, the ability to recognize a situation that requires conversion and rejection of laparoscopy.

scholarly journals A Rare Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Pancreas in a Child With Cholestasis Presentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Mehrabani ◽  
Javad Shokri-Shirvani
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Head Of The Pancreas ◽  
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
The Common

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare with unknown etiology. As pancreas involvement is rare in IMTs, here, we report a case of a girl with IMT, referred to our hospital. A 4-year-old girl presented with chief complaints of generalized itching and jaundice. Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans with contrast showed a homogeneous isodense mass lesion in the head of the pancreas with a compressive effect on the distal part of the common bile duct (CBD). Dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts and CBD (8 mm) was observed. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) examination showed a dilated gallbladder without stones and intrahepatic/extrahepatic bile ducts. The CBD was dilated, and a mass was found in the head of the pancreas. Immune-histochemical studies revealed spindle myofibroblastic tissues with lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophil infiltration. All of them were compatible with pancreatic IMTs. The surgery improved the symptoms. The IMTs of the pancreas can have symptoms like pancreatic cancer. The careful evaluation by imaging and pathology is recommended.

ATRESIA OF THE INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-647
Author(s):  
EDWARD H. AHRENS ◽  
RUTH C. HARRIS ◽  
H. EDWARD MACMAHON
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Biliary Epithelium ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Embryologic Development ◽  
Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis

Case histories of four patients with atresia of the intrahepatic interlobular bile ducts are reviewed. Three of the four also had anomalies of the extrahepatic bile ducts. All had secondary biliary cirrhosis. The course of disease was distinguished by a relatively long life span, all patients surviving more than three years and one remaining alive at five years. Generalized skin xanthomatosis occurred in all patients, together with a marked and characteristic elevation of the serum lipids. There was no indication on postmortem examination that intrahepatic bile ducts had developed and then become obliterated. The evidence presented in this study suggests that absence of interlobular bile ducts is a developmental anomaly, and that the embryologic development of biliary epithelium is normally independent of the growth of hepatic trabeculae.

The onecut transcription factor HNF6 is required for normal development of the biliary tract

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Clotman ◽  
Vincent J. Lannoy ◽  
Michael Reber ◽  
Silvia Cereghini ◽  
David Cassiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Liver Development ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Duct Development

During liver development, hepatoblasts differentiate into hepatocytes or biliary epithelial cells (BEC). The BEC delineate the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, and the gallbladder. The transcription factors that control the development of the biliary tract are unknown. Previous work has shown that the onecut transcription factor HNF6 is expressed in hepatoblasts and in the gallbladder primordium. We now show that HNF6 is also expressed in the BEC of the developing intrahepatic bile ducts, and investigate its involvement in biliary tract development by analyzing the phenotype of Hnf6–/– mice. In these mice, the gallbladder was absent, the extrahepatic bile ducts were abnormal and the development of the intrahepatic bile ducts was perturbed in the prenatal period. The morphology of the intrahepatic bile ducts was identical to that seen in mice whose Hnf1β gene has been conditionally inactivated in the liver. HNF1β expression was downregulated in the intrahepatic bile ducts of Hnf6–/– mice during development. Furthermore, we found that HNF6 can stimulate the Hnf1β promoter. We conclude that HNF6 is essential for differentiation and morphogenesis of the biliary tract and that intrahepatic bile duct development is controlled by a HNF6→HNF1β cascade.

Portal Vein Thrombosis Mimicking Tumour and Causing Obstructive Jaundice

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3P2) ◽  
pp. 685-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nyman ◽  
H. Al-Suhaibani ◽  
I. Kagevi
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts

The case of a 28-year-old female patient with portal vein thrombosis mimicking tumour and causing obstructive jaundice is presented. The cavernous-transformed enlarged portal vein, explaining the mass-like lesion in the hepatic hilum on ultrasonography, compressed the extrahepatic bile ducts and caused obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography demonstrated multiple nodular extrinsic indentations of the extrahepatic bile ducts with moderately dilated intrahepatic bile ducts.

Recent progress of MXenes and MXene-based nanomaterials for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoming Kang ◽  
Muhammad Arif Khan ◽  
Yanmei Gong ◽  
Rida Javed ◽  
Yuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

In this review, recent advances in MXenes and MXene-based nanomaterials applied in HER electrocatalysis are overviewed in terms of their synthesis, characterization, functional mechanisms, and HERperformance/optimization.

TWO TUMOURS OF THE EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

1940 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 268-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. McIntosh ◽  
A. D. Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
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