scholarly journals Dissection of root behavior to abiotic stimuli for breeding of climate-resilient crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yusaku Uga ◽  
Mikio Nakazono
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stimuli

scholarly journals Flow cytometric measurements as a proxy for sporulation intensity in the cultured macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omri Nahor ◽  
Cristina F. Morales-Reyes ◽  
Gianmaria Califano ◽  
Thomas Wichard ◽  
Alexander Golberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Seaweed Cultivation ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Abiotic Stimuli ◽  
Fundamental Shift

Abstract Controlling the life cycle of the green macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta) is essential to maintain its efficient aquaculture. A fundamental shift in cultivation occurs by transforming the thallus cells into gametangia and sporangia (sporulation), with the subsequent release of gametes and zoids. Sporulation occurrence depends on algal age and abiotic stimuli and is controlled by sporulation inhibitors. Thus, quantification of sporulation intensity is critical for identifying the biotic and abiotic factors that influence the transition to reproductive growth. Here, we propose to determine the sporulation index by measuring the number of released gametes using flow cytometry, in proportion to the total number of thallus cells present before the occurrence of the sporulation event. The flow cytometric measurements were validated by manually counting the number of released gametes. We observed a variation in the autofluorescence levels of the gametes which were released from the gametangia. High autofluorescence level correlated to phototactically active behaviour of the gametes. As autofluorescence levels varied between different groups of gametes related to their mobility, flow cytometry can also determine the physiological status of the gametes used as feedstock in seaweed cultivation.

Memorization of Abiotic Stimuli in Plants: A Complex Role for Calcium

2009 ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Ripoll ◽  
Lois Le Sceller ◽  
Marie-Claire Verdus ◽  
Vic Norris ◽  
Marc Tafforeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stimuli

Tobacco PR-2d promoter is induced in transgenic cucumber in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli

2004 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Yin ◽  
Jacek Hennig ◽  
Maria Szwacka ◽  
Stefan Malepszy
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stimuli

scholarly journals Heterogeneity Confounds Establishment of “a” Model Microbial Strain

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy P. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Abiotic Stimuli ◽  
Microbial Strain ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous environmental mold and the leading cause of diverse human diseases ranging from allergenic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Experimental investigations of the biology and virulence of this opportunistic pathogen have historically used a few type strains; however, it is increasingly observed with this fungus that heterogeneity among isolates potentially confounds the use of these reference isolates. Illustrating this point, Kowalski et al. (mBio 7:e01515-16, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01515-16 ) demonstrated that variation in 16 environmental and clinical isolates of A. fumigatus correlated virulence with fitness in low oxygen, whereas Fuller et al. (mBio 7:e01517-16, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01517-16 !) showed wide variation in light responses at a physiological and protein functionality level in 15 A. fumigatus isolates. In both studies, two commonly used type strains, Af293 and CEA10, displayed significant differences in physiological responses to abiotic stimuli and virulence in a murine model of IPA.

Seasonal movement and size distribution of three commercially important Australian prawn species (Crustacea : Penaeidae) within an estuarine system

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Coles ◽  
JG Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Abiotic Stimuli

Three penaeid prawn species, Penaeus plebejus Hesse, Metapenaeus bennettae Racek & Dall, and M. macleayi (Haswell), were sampled using a beam trawl, at four sites for 16 months in the Noosa River, Queensland, and data collected are used to provide generalized life histories for the three species and to discuss the composition and timing of the commercial bait prawn fishery. P. plebejus individuals were recruited to the river throughout the year, M. bennettae between March and June, and M. macleayi between April and July. P. plebejus juveniles remained only briefly in the river and were most numerous at sites near the river mouth. There was no distinct period of migration of this species from the river. M. bennettae and M. macleayi individuals remained in the river until December and March, respectively, when, in the absence of obvious abiotic stimuli such as rainfall runoff and reduced salinities, there was a marked egress from the river. While in the river, both of these species could be caught through the zone of salt-water penetration up to 35 km from the sea, and both were most numerous in the southern half of Lake Cootharaba in a zone of approximately 19 × 10-3 mean salinity. Similarity between these and other distribution patterns recorded in topographically different rivers suggests salinity is an important determining factor in the distribution of these prawns.

scholarly journals Genomic architecture of biomass heterosis inArabidopsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (30) ◽  
pp. 8101-8106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Xuncheng Wang ◽  
Diqiu Ren ◽  
Hao Huang ◽  
Miqi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genomic Architecture ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Abiotic Stimuli

Heterosis is most frequently manifested by the substantially increased vigorous growth of hybrids compared with their parents. Investigating genomic variations in natural populations is essential to understand the initial molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis in plants. Here, we characterized the genomic architecture associated with biomass heterosis in 200Arabidopsishybrids. The genome-wide heterozygosity of hybrids makes a limited contribution to biomass heterosis, and no locus shows an obvious overdominance effect in hybrids. However, the accumulation of significant genetic loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in hybrids strongly correlates with better-parent heterosis (BPH). Candidate genes for biomass BPH fall into diverse biological functions, including cellular, metabolic, and developmental processes and stimulus-responsive pathways. Important heterosis candidates includeWUSCHEL,ARGOS, and some genes that encode key factors involved in cell cycle regulation. Interestingly, transcriptomic analyses in representativeArabidopsishybrid combinations reveal that heterosis candidate genes are functionally enriched in stimulus-responsive pathways, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli and immune responses. In addition, stimulus-responsive genes are repressed to low-parent levels in hybrids with high BPH, whereas middle-parent expression patterns are exhibited in hybrids with no BPH. Our study reveals a genomic architecture for understanding the molecular mechanisms of biomass heterosis inArabidopsis, in which the accumulation of the superior alleles of genes involved in metabolic and cellular processes improve the development and growth of hybrids, whereas the overall repressed expression of stimulus-responsive genes prioritizes growth over responding to environmental stimuli in hybrids under normal conditions.

scholarly journals Friends or Foes—Microbial Interactions in Nature

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Nancy Weiland-Bräuer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Abiotic Stimuli

Microorganisms are present in nearly every niche on Earth and mainly do not exist solely but form communities of single or mixed species. Within such microbial populations and between the microbes and a eukaryotic host, various microbial interactions take place in an ever-changing environment. Those microbial interactions are crucial for a successful establishment and maintenance of a microbial population. The basic unit of interaction is the gene expression of each organism in this community in response to biotic or abiotic stimuli. Differential gene expression is responsible for producing exchangeable molecules involved in the interactions, ultimately leading to community behavior. Cooperative and competitive interactions within bacterial communities and between the associated bacteria and the host are the focus of this review, emphasizing microbial cell–cell communication (quorum sensing). Further, metagenomics is discussed as a helpful tool to analyze the complex genomic information of microbial communities and the functional role of different microbes within a community and to identify novel biomolecules for biotechnological applications.

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