scholarly journals Evaluation of major rice cultivars for resistance to bacterial seedling rot caused by Burkholderia glumae and identification of Japanese standard cultivars for resistance assessments

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Ritsuko Mizobuchi ◽  
Shuichi Fukuoka ◽  
Chikako Tsuiki ◽  
Seiya Tsushima ◽  
Hiroyuki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Seedling Rot

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia glumae BGR1

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (11) ◽  
pp. 3758-3759 ◽  
Author(s):  
JaeYun Lim ◽  
Tae-Ho Lee ◽  
Baek Hie Nahm ◽  
Yang Do Choi ◽  
Minkyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Seedling Rot

ABSTRACT Burkholderia glumae is the causative agent of grain and seedling rot in rice and of bacterial wilt in many field crops. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of B. glumae BGR1 isolated from a diseased rice panicle in Korea.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Jumbo Phage from Leaf Litter Compost and Its Suppressive Effect on Rice Seedling Rot Diseases

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Ryota Sasaki ◽  
Shuhei Miyashita ◽  
Sugihiro Ando ◽  
Kumiko Ito ◽  
Toshiyuki Fukuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Icosahedral Head

Jumbo phages have DNA genomes larger than 200 kbp in large virions composed of an icosahedral head, tail, and other adsorption structures, and they are known to be abundant biological substances in nature. In this study, phages in leaf litter compost were screened for their potential to suppress rice seedling rot disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia glumae, and a novel phage was identified in a filtrate-enriched suspension of leaf litter compost. The phage particles consisted of a rigid tailed icosahedral head and contained a DNA genome of 227,105 bp. The phage could lyse five strains of B. glumae and six strains of Burkholderia plantarii. The phage was named jumbo Burkholderia phage FLC6. Proteomic tree analysis revealed that phage FLC6 belongs to the same clade as two jumbo Ralstonia phages, namely RSF1 and RSL2, which are members of the genus Chiangmaivirus (family: Myoviridae; order: Caudovirales). Interestingly, FLC6 could also lyse two strains of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, suggesting that FLC6 has a broad host range that may make it especially advantageous as a bio-control agent for several bacterial diseases in economically important crops. The novel jumbo phage FLC6 may enable leaf litter compost to suppress several bacterial diseases and may itself be useful for controlling plant diseases in crop cultivation.

Burkholderia glumae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Degradative Enzymes ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Arundinella Hirta

Abstract A description is provided for Burkholderia glumae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Oryza sativa. Andropogon virginicus, Arundinella hirta, Beckmannia syzigachne, Chloris gayana, Coix lacryma-jobi, Eleusine coracana, E. indica, Eragrotis curvula, E. multicaulis, Lolium multiflorum, Panicum coloratum, P. dichotomiflorum, P. maximum, Paspalum distichum, P. dilatatum, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Phleum pratense, Phragmites communis and Setaria viridis var. minor have all been recognised as new hosts (68, 4324). DISEASE: Bacterial grain and seedling rot of rice. The grains rot in the pannicles after 'heading'. Severely diseased pannicles may form infection foci for disease dissemination (Tsushima & Naito, 1991). The bacteria are thought to enter through the stoma on the inner surface of the rice husk and then multiply in the intercellular space of parenchyma (69, 1652). There is some evidence to suggest that degradative enzymes (72, 6749) and toxin production may also have a role in phytopathogenicity (69, 2349). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka (69, 4949), China, Japan, Taiwan (63, 3360), Colombia (70, 2670), Latin America in general (69, 1080; 70, 827). TRANSMISSION: Latent infection of rice seeds (70, 7648).

scholarly journals Implications of Amino Acid Substitutions in GyrA at Position 83 in Terms of Oxolinic Acid Resistance in Field Isolates of Burkholderia glumae, a Causal Agent of Bacterial Seedling Rot and Grain Rot of Rice

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 5613-5620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Maeda ◽  
Akinori Kiba ◽  
Kouhei Ohnishi ◽  
Yasufumi Hikichi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Oxolinic Acid ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Moderately Resistant

ABSTRACT Oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone, inhibits the activity of DNA gyrase composed of GyrA and GyrB and shows antibacterial activity against Burkholderia glumae. Since B. glumae causes bacterial seedling rot and grain rot of rice, both of which are devastating diseases, the emergence of OA-resistant bacteria has important implications on rice cultivation in Japan. Based on the MIC of OA, 35 B. glumae field isolates isolated from rice seedlings grown from OA-treated seeds in Japan were divided into sensitive isolates (OSs; 0.5 μg/ml), moderately resistant isolates (MRs; 50 μg/ml), and highly resistant isolates (HRs; ≥100 μg/ml). Recombination with gyrA of an OS, Pg-10, led MRs and HRs to become OA susceptible, suggesting that gyrA mutations are involved in the OA resistance of field isolates. The amino acid at position 83 in the GyrA of all OSs was Ser, but in all MRs and HRs it was Arg and Ile, respectively. Ser83Arg and Ser83Ile substitutions in the GyrA of an OS, Pg-10, resulted in moderate and high OA resistance, respectively. Moreover, Arg83Ser and Ile83Ser substitutions in the GyrA of MRs and HRs, respectively, resulted in susceptibility to OA. These results suggest that Ser83Arg and Ser83Ile substitutions in GyrA are commonly responsible for resistance to OA in B. glumae field isolates.

scholarly journals Toxoflavin is an Essential Factor for Virulence of Burkholderia glumae Causing Rice Seedling Rot Disease.

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyoshi YONEYAMA ◽  
Yoshiki KONO ◽  
Isamu YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Mamoru HORIKOSHI ◽  
Takashi HIROOKA
Keyword(s):  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals First Report of Burkholderia glumae Isolated from Symptomless Rice Seeds in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Luo ◽  
G. Xie ◽  
B. Li ◽  
X. Lihui
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
First Report ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Rice Seeds

Burkholderia glumae causes grain rot and seedling rot of rice (Oryza sativa L.). It is seedborne and has caused severe damage in Japan (1). Since 1997, efforts have been made to detect the pathogen in rice seeds in China (2), where no typical symptoms have been observed in the rice paddy fields. Isolation from 623 symptomless rice seed samples yielded two samples, originally produced in Hainan province, with possible B. glumae (0.32%). Six bacterial strains isolated from these two samples showed characteristics similar to those of the standard reference strain of B. glumae, LMG 1837T from Belgium, in phenotypic tests including the Biolog identification system (version 4.2; Hayward, CA), pathogenicity tests, and gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using the Microbial identification System (MIDI Company, Newark, DE) with aerobic bacterial library (TABA50). All strains were gram-negative aerobic rods, 1.5 to 2.5 μm × 0.5 to 0.7μm, and had 1 to 7 polar flagella. No green fluorescent diffusible pigment was produced on King's medium B. Colonies were gray-white, slightly raised with smooth margins, and appeared within 3 days on nutrient agar. A hypersensitive reaction was observed on tobacco cv. Benshi 24 h after inoculation. All isolates were identified as B. glumae with Biolog similarity of 0.68 to 0.87 and FAMEs similarity of 0.65 to 0.91. Identification as B. glumae was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (3) primers BG1: 5′-ACACGGAACACCTGGGTA-3′; and BG2: 5′-TCGCTCTCCCGAAGAGAT-3′. Inoculation of intact plants of cv. Jiayue with cell suspensions containing 108 CFU/ml of the six strains individually produced seedling rot and grain rot symptoms. The bacterium was reisolated from symptomatic rice plants. B. glumae was first reported from Japan as the cause of grain rot of rice in 1967 (1) and was isolated from symptomatic rice seeds in 1987 in Taiwan, China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. glumae being isolated from healthy-looking rice seeds in China. This indicates that the pathogen is already in the mainland of China and there is a risk of a seedling rot outbreak if rice seedlings are raised indoors on a large scale for transplantation as it is in Japan. References: (1) T. Kurita and H. Tabei. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 33:111,1967. (2) G. L. Xie et al. Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 32:114, 2002. (3) M. Yukiko et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56:1031, 2006.

scholarly journals Multiple endogenous seed-born bacteria recovered rice growth disruption caused by Burkholderia glumae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiharu Akimoto-Tomiyama
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Growth Disruption ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Global Food

AbstractBurkholderia glumae is a causal agent of bacterial grain and seedling rot in rice, and is a threat to stable global food supply. The virulence of B. glumae was suppressed when it was inoculated on budding seed rather than on non-budding seed. To clarify the phenomena, pathogen titer inside the rice plant was measured by serial dilution plating of lysates from budding rice seedlings. Surprisingly, morphologically different types of colonies were observed on the plates. These ‘contaminated’ rice seed-born bacteria (RSB) were identified by sequencing 16S rRNA genes as three strains of Pseudomonas putida (RSB1, RSB10, RSB15) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (RSB2). All bacteria and B. glumae were simultaneously inoculated onto rice seeds, and all three P. putida RSBs suppressed the growth disruption caused by B. glumae, whereas RSB2 had no effect. Thus, the virulence was synergistically suppressed when co-treated with RSBs. The effect could be dependent on the high biofilm formation ability of RSB2. By comprehensive microbiota analysis, endogenous rice flora were changed by RSBs treatment. These results suggest the possibility of novel pathogen control through pre-treatment with endogenous beneficial microorganisms. The method would contribute substantially to the implementation of sustainable agriculture stated in Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.

scholarly journals Control of Bacterial Seedling Rot and Seedling Blight of Rice by Bacteriophage

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Adachi ◽  
Shoichi Tsukamoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Inoue ◽  
Koji Azegami
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Phage Inactivation ◽  
Phage Treatment

In Japan, rice seed are immersed in pesticide solutions to prevent seedborne diseases that attack greenhouse seedlings. However, disposal of large quantities of waste pesticide solutions after treatment is costly. As an alternative treatment, bacteriophages (phages) that are highly specific to the target bacteria are considered as potential biocontrol agents. Here, we isolated three phage strains that lyse Burkholderia glumae and B. plantarii, the causative pathogens of seedling rot and seedling blight, respectively. Two phages could lyse both bacteria and clearly suppress these diseases. One of these phages (BGPP-Ar) suppressed these diseases more effectively than existing pesticides: the ratio of seedlings exhibiting disease to the total number of seedlings examined after treatment with BGPP-Ar 1.0 × 108 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml was 0.0 for seedling rot and 2.0 for seedling blight; after treatment with ipconazole/copper (II) hydroxide, the ratios were 14.3 and 15.0, respectively. BGPP-Ar was highly effective in suppressing seedling rot of rice, even at the low concentration of 1.0 × 105 PFU/ml. The best phage treatment effect for sterilizing seed is achieved indoors to avoid phage inactivation by UV irradiation. Treatment effect was demonstrated on seed infected with pathogens. Therefore, we consider that phage treatment was effective in this study.

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