scholarly journals Grain dormancy genes responsible for preventing pre-harvest sprouting in barley and wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Grain Dormancy

Temperature dependence of germinability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain in relation to pre-harvest sprouting

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Mares
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Grain Dormancy ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Damage Tolerant

Germinability in harvest-mature wheat grain showed a marked dependence on temperature. The optimum temperature for the complete germination of all grains ranged from 20�C for the non-dormant variety, Timgalen, to 10�C for the strongly dormant red wheat RL 4137, whereas the optimum in terms of the shortest lag period ranged from 25� to 15�C for the same varieties. Germinability gradually increased during post-harvest storage and, for after-ripened grain, the optimum temperature for both complete germination and shortest lag period were greater than 30�C. Germinability could also be increased by pre-treating imbibing grains at temperatures of 5�, 10� or in some cases 15�C. This treatment was only effective for grain at moisture contents >25% (dry weight) and the effect was not reversed by redesiccation. The pre-treatment temperature required for maximum germinability decreased with increasing levels of grain dormancy. Complete removal of dormancy required a pre-treatment period of c. 48 h; however, lesser periods gave the shortest lag period in the case of the dormant varieties. The implications of these results for the utilization of dormancy in the development of preharvest sprouting damage tolerant varieties and their subsequent use in practice are discussed.

Drought and high temperature increases preharvest sprouting tolerance in a genotype without grain dormancy

Euphytica ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Biddulph ◽  
D. J. Mares ◽  
J. A. Plummer ◽  
T. L. Setter
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Grain Dormancy

scholarly journals Grain dormancy and light quality effects on germination in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

2011 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Barrero ◽  
John V. Jacobsen ◽  
Mark J. Talbot ◽  
Rosemary G. White ◽  
Stephen M. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Grain Dormancy ◽  
Model Grass

Mapping of a QTL in Chromosome 3B for Grain Dormancy in White-Grained Wheat Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Sulari Kottearachchi ◽  
Shinichi Takao ◽  
Kiyoaki Kato ◽  
Hideho Miura
Keyword(s):  
Grain Dormancy ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Barley Ant17, encoding flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), is a promising target locus for attaining anthocyanin/proanthocyanidin-free plants without pleiotropic reduction of grain dormancy

Genome ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko Himi ◽  
Shin Taketa
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Grain Dormancy ◽  
Target Locus ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Sprouting Resistance

Preharvest sprouting is a serious problem in grain crop production because it causes quality deterioration and economic losses. It is well known that grain colour is closely associated with grain dormancy in wheat; white-grained lines without accumulating proanthocyanidins in testa tend to be more susceptible to preharvest sprouting than red ones. All available white-grained wheat lines are restricted to triple recessive mutations at the R loci (R-A1, R-B1, and R-D1), but barley is known to have 11 independent loci conferring the proanthocyanidin-free grain phenotype. In this study, we evaluated the dormancy levels of anthocyanin/proanthocyanidin-free ant17 mutants. Three ant17 mutants showed the same levels of dormancy as their respective wild types. Sequencing of three independent ant17 alleles detected a point mutation within the coding regions of flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), which are predicted to cause a premature stop codon at different sites. The F3H locus completely cosegregated with the Ant17 position on the chromosome arm 2HL. Expression of the barley F3H gene was observed in pigmented tissues, but not in nonpigmented roots and stems. This result indicates that wheat F3H may be a promising new target locus for breeding white-grained lines with a practical level of preharvest sprouting resistance.

scholarly journals Detection of QTL for pre-harvest sprouting resistance and grain dormancy in highly sprouting-tolerant wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Nishimura ◽  
Masahiko Mori ◽  
Takahiro Kamada ◽  
Wakana Nakane ◽  
Ikkei Komine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Dormancy ◽  
Sprouting Resistance

Water uptake in relation to pre-harvest sprouting damage in wheat: grain characteristics

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW King
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Grain Dormancy ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Other Information

Water uptake by mature (post-dormancy) wheat grain was studied for a group of 50 wheat varieties of mostly Australian origin and in lines near-isogenic for grain coat colour (red v. white) and for hard v. soft grain. Cultivars differed widely (up to two-fold) in grain water uptake. Apparently these differences related to physico-chemical aspects of water imbibition by the grain. However, neither grain coat colour, pericarp or testa thickness, grain hardness nor grain protein content was correlated with grain water uptake. The degree of seed coat cracking was minimal as grain was dissected by hand from the ears. Grain germination after 30 h exposure to moisture was significantly correlated with its water uptake after 2 h of imbibition (r = 0.61). These findings, when combined with other information from this laboratory on varietal differences in ear water uptake, usefully characterize in-ear sprouting. Of the varietal differences in sprouting, 18% can be accounted for by differences in ear and grain water uptake. Differences in grain dormancy were deliberately avoided in these studies, but were evaluated separately at harvest ripeness in this same experiment. On the basis of varietal differences in grain dormancy and water uptake some breeding options are highlighted.

Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with variation in grain dormancy in Australian wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Mares ◽  
K. Mrva
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Grain Dormancy ◽  
Grain Handling ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Haploid Population

Preharvest sprouting is a problem in many regions of the world, resulting in downgrading of quality, substantial economic losses to wheat growers, and difficulties for grain handling and marketing agencies. Improvements in tolerance from the introduction of better grain dormancy at, or near, harvest-ripeness would be expected to have a significant impact on the incidence and severity of sprouting. Intermediate levels of dormancy in older Australian wheats, such as Halberd, and a small number of current cultivars could be used in the short term while more extreme dormancy is being introgressed into locally adapted germplasm. A doubled haploid population derived from Cranbrook (extremely non-dormant, very susceptible to sprouting) x Halberd (intermediate dormancy, moderately tolerant to preharvest sprouting) was grown in replicated experiments and ripe grain harvested for assessment of dormancy, measured as a germination index. Consistent differences were observed between the parents in both experiments. For the bulk of the progeny, the germination index fell within a range defined by Cranbrook at the upper and Halberd at the lower end. Significant quantitative trait loci, all contributed by the very susceptible parent, that explained 11%, 9%, and 9% of the phenotypic variation were identified on chromosome arms 2AL, 2DL, and 4AL, respectively. These QTLs offer the opportunity to develop molecular markers for grain dormancy and to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this trait.

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