scholarly journals Language planning in Diaspora: the Case of the Kurdish Kurmanji Dialect

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Akin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Goals 2000 ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Dissemination Of Results ◽  
Official Recognition

In this paper, we study a particular case of language planning in Diaspora through the activities of the Committee for Standardization of Kurdish Kurmanji dialect spoken by the majority of Kurds living in Turkey, in Syria and by part of the Kurds living in Iran and in Iraq. Despite its sizeable speaker community, Kurmanji is not officially recognized and public education is not provided in this dialect in the countries where it is spoken. The absence of official recognition and structural variation within Kurmanji led Kurdish intellectuals and researchers living in exile to form the Committee in 1987. Holding two meetings per year in a European city, the Committee tries to standardize and to revitalize the Kurmanji dialect without relying on government support. We examine the activities of the committee in the light of its research in the field of language policy and planning. The activities will be assessed by three typologies of language planning: 1) Haugen’s classical model of language planning (1991 [1983]); 2) Hornberger’s integrative framework of language planning (1988); 3) Nahir’s Language Planning Goals (2000). Our contribution focuses on two aspects of the activities: corpus planning and dissemination of results in exile. We study the practices of collection of vocabulary and neology in different scientific domains as well as the influences of these activities on the development of Kurmanji

scholarly journals Ethnography of language planning and policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy H. Hornberger ◽  
Aldo Anzures Tapia ◽  
David H. Hanks ◽  
Frances Kvietok Dueñas ◽  
Siwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Language Planning And Policy ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Multiple Languages

A decade ago, Hornberger & Johnson proposed that the ethnography of language planning and policy (ELPP) offers a useful way to understand how people create, interpret, and at times resist language policy and planning (LPP). They envisioned ethnographic investigation of layered LPP ideological and implementational spaces, taking up Hornberger's plea five years earlier for language users, educators, and researchers to fill up and wedge open ideological and implementational spaces for multiple languages, literacies, identities, and practices to flourish and grow rather than dwindle and disappear. With roots going back to the 1980s and 1990s, ethnographic research in LPP had been gathering momentum since the turn of the millennium. This review encompasses selected ethnographic LPP research since 2000, exploring affordances and constraints of this research in yielding comparative and cumulative findings on how people interpret and engage with LPP initiatives. We highlight how common-sense wisdom about the perennial gap between policy and practice is given nuance through ethnographic research that identifies and explores intertwining dynamics of top-down and bottom-up LPP activities and processes, monoglossic and heteroglossic language ideologies and practices, potential equality and actual inequality of languages, and critical and transformative LPP research paradigms.

An Overview of Language Policy and Planning

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braj B. Kachru
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Language Engineering ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Pluralistic Societies ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
New Phase

The 1970s have ushered in a new phase in approaches to language planning; the preference for a less provocative term such as language policy is indicative of this. There is now a decline in the use of terms such as language planning and language engineering: this is as it should be. For almost tow decades, language planning was presented as a cure-all for culturally and lingustically pluralistic societies in the developing Asian, African, and other non-Western countries. The term was overused, and its applications exaggerated. But this enthusiasm was not shared by all; serious practitioners were conscious of the limitations of the claims and the complexities of the task. This changed attitude has naturally contributed to a reassessment and re-evaluation of these earlier claims. There is now a much better understanding of the linguistic, political, sociological, and attitudinal constraints on language policy formation. The availability of greater cross-linguistic empirical data makes comparative observations more meaningful. As a consequence, the term language planning is now used with caution, with restricted generalization, and with an appreciation of the complexity of each situation. It has rightly been recognized that the task is more complex than linguists can handle within the traditionally conceived boundaries of their discipline, for example, in the work of the venerable Einar Haugen, or more recently, in the work of Charles Ferguson, Joshua Fishman, and others.

Community Languages in Late Modernity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Policy And Planning

This chapter aims to reconceptualise the notions of community and community languages in late modernity and to recontextualise the discussion of language policy and planning (LPP) with reference to diaspora. The chapter consists of six sections: (1) a critique of the notion of community in late modernity; (2) an analysis of the renewed interest in the notion of diaspora; (3) an examination of the role of language and multilingualism; (4) a discussion of the possibilities and constraints of language policies and planning with regard to mobile and minority communities; (5) consideration of the importance of grassroots language planning actions, especially those that are carried out beyond institutionalised settings; (6) a discussion of the new challenges facing community languages in late modernity, highlighting the dilemmas of post-multilingualism and suggesting translanguaging as a possible solution.

scholarly journals Language Policy and Planning

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Romaine
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy And Planning

Language policy and planning (hereafter LPLP) is a relatively new multi- and interdisciplinary field, but by no means a new phenomenon. The term ‘language planning’ (preceded by the term ‘language engineering’) emerged in the late 1950s and then developed as part of and in tandem with sociolinguistics and the sociology of language in the 1960s and 1970s. LPLP was initially preoccupied with language problems of developing nations emerging from the breakup of European colonial empires after World War II (see Foundational Works). Multilingualism in newly independent states posed problems to which planners believed they had solutions in the form of deliberate interventions into language, typically imposed top-down by governments and government-authorized agencies and institutions. Although regulation of languages—their status, functions, and linguistic form on a national level—still forms a central part of LPLP (see Areal Studies), its scope has increasingly widened. Scholars recognized that similar problems and issues applied not just to developing nations and were not confined to the nation state, or other macro-level polity, but were also relevant at the supranational as well as meso- and micro-level of individuals, families, multinational corporations, and other organizations. The 1980s and 1990s witnessed a more critical turn. LPLP underwent a series of paradigmatic shifts as the association of language planning with westernized notions of modernization, progress, and democratization was regarded as simplistic and overoptimistic. After having developed one or more ‘official’ languages, some emerging nations realized that their plan not only did not solve political and social problems but instead created new ones. The idea that language could be planned and imposed top-down became increasingly unworkable and ethically questionable. Even in totalitarian regimes LPLP has been less than fully effective or successful. Researchers began to scrutinize some of the hidden or covert agendas and unintended consequences of LPLP, particularly the ways in which top-down LPLP serves the interest of elite groups and marginalizes others. With the collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War, a resurgence of interest in LPLP has occurred amidst a new world order characterized by reemergence of small nations and minority and regional languages, along with development of supranational political frameworks, like the European Union, and the increasing influence of corporations and limitations in the autonomy of nation states. In the 21st century LPLP has been increasingly concerned with internationalization and globalization, especially the role of English as a world language, language endangerment, and migration. A perennial challenge is how to make connections between macro- and micro- levels.

Language policy and planning in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Eucharia Okwudilichukwu Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Language Planning And Policy ◽  
Multilingual Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
National Policy On Education

Abstract Language planning and policy has been a recurring topic among Nigerian educators. Although the Nigerian National Policy on Education stipulates multilingual education, such provision has remained an object of criticism, rejection, and is therefore not implemented. While some of the issues often raised as hindering its implementation are well-founded, there is also a lack of political will to champion the course of language planning and policy implementation. Meanwhile the government’s intention has been to make the policy receive public acceptance; yet, it has failed to address some of the recurring problems that hinder the achievement of such goal, to the detriment of both the educational and public sectors. This article looks at the dynamics of language planning and policy in Nigeria and why the government must match her rhetoric with action by paying attention to the major issues that hinder the realisation of multilingual education in the country to enhance development.

scholarly journals Introduction - language planning: where have we been? where might we be going?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Baldauf Jr
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Policy And Planning

This paper provides a brief overview of the development and state of language policy and planning and examines some of the directions that language planners have been taking to engage with issues of importance to their discipline. The papers in this volume of RBLA are linked to the overview and the directions being taken by scholars in the field.

scholarly journals [Unplanned] Language Policy and Planning

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Baldauf
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Language Needs ◽  
Policy And Planning

Naturally enough, the field of language planning, as its name suggests, has concentrated its efforts on the description and practice of planned language development. This is after all its raison d'être, to provide future oriented, problem-solving language-change strategies to meet particular language needs. This orientation means that language planning is one of the key descriptive topics in applied linguistics, bringing together as it does theory from a variety of disciplines and putting that into practice. Grabe and Kaplan (1992) estimate that the applied linguistics aspects of language policy and planning make up one of four categories that accounts for about 45 percent of the items published in this field.

Research Methods in Language Policy and Planning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cassells Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
History Of ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
The Impact

Interdisciplinarity is a hallmark of language policy and planning (LPP) research and reveals how the impact of language plans and policies transcends disciplinary boundaries. Interdisciplinarity also means that clear LPP-specific methods have been slow to develop, if at all. This chapter reviews the methodological history of the field, highlighting major shifts engendered by particular research approaches, and ends with some predictions about where the field might be headed as evidenced by emerging trends. First, epistemological foundations are discussed, which help clarify methodological directions and perspectives. Then, a chronological history of LPP research methods is considered, with particular attention to language planning foundations, the critical and empirical turns, and emerging trends.

Language Policy and Planning in Western European Countries

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Baetens Beardsmore
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
European Level ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Policy And Planning

The recent events promoting European integration have far-reaching consequences for language management. Such management may form an explicit part of policy, though often it is reflected implicitly in interventions dealing with other aspects of social and political organization. This article will highlight both explicit and implicit language planning issues at the European level, the latter being more the result of policy interventions rather than deliberate attempts to manipulate language usage. Given constraints on space, it is impossible to handle more specific language planning issues at national or regional levels except as illustrations.

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