scholarly journals Rebelliousness, Effortful Control, and Risky Behavior: Metamotivational and Temperamental Predictors of Risk-Taking in Older Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn D. Lafreniere ◽  
Rosanne Menna ◽  
Kenneth M. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Older Adolescents

Agreeableness and neuroticism predict being more concerned about COVID-19 and bothered by friends’ risky behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Daphne Ayers ◽  
Diego Guevara Beltran ◽  
Andrew Van Horn ◽  
Lee Cronk ◽  
Hector Hurmuz-Sklias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Reduce Risk

Given the importance of friendships during challenging times and the mixed associations reported between personality traits and disease-related behaviors, we investigated the influence of personality traits on friendships during the COVID-19 pandemic and how both influenced risky behaviors. In November 2020, we asked participants about their reactions to friends’ behavior as part of a larger study. We found that agreeableness and neuroticism predicted participants being more concerned about COVID-19 and bothered by friends’ risky behavior, and extraversion predicted enjoying helping friends during the pandemic. Our results suggest that personality influences how individuals cope with their friends’ risky behaviors. This work could be relevant for developing interventions to reduce risk taking during the pandemic, such as using friendships to reinforce adherence to public health guidelines.

scholarly journals Glucose Increases Risky Behavior and Attitudes in People Low in Self-Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Pfundmair ◽  
Eva Lermer ◽  
Dieter Frey
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
High Risk Behavior ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Abstract. People low in self-control have a strong proclivity toward risk-taking. Risk-taking behavior provides an opportunity to obtain some form of reward. Glucose, on the other hand, seems to facilitate reward and goal-directed behavior. In a pilot study executed in the laboratory, we investigated whether consuming a glucose drink would increase risky behavior and attitudes in people low in self-control. Our findings revealed that a dose of glucose compared to placebo increased risk-taking on a behavioral and cognitive level in participants low in self-control but not in participants high in self-control. The findings may shed some light on the psychological underpinnings of glucose: By showing glucose’s association with high-risk behavior, they support the assumption of glucose driving a goal-directed motivation.

scholarly journals Analogue Study of Peer Influence on Risk-Taking Behavior in Older Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Reynolds ◽  
Laura MacPherson ◽  
Sarah Schwartz ◽  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
C. W. Lejuez
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Analogue Study ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Risk Perception: Unrealistic Optimism or Realistic Expectancy

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Todesco ◽  
Stephen B. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Unrealistic Optimism ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The current study investigated risk perception and Unrealistic Optimism as a function of involvement in risk. 74 undergraduate students were asked to rate how likely they were to encounter various negative consequences relative to various comparison targets (child, peer, and parent) and specified their actual involvement in risk-taking. Over-all, 37 High and 37 Low Risk-takers rated harmful events similarly, adding support for disputing the hypothesis that risk-takers consider themselves to be invulnerable. When these older adolescents compared themselves with children, they rated their personal risk of engaging in the health threatening behaviors as higher. Adolescents can realistically appraise the differences between themselves and children and view themselves as more likely to encounter the negative outcomes of risk-taking behaviors. Implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Hazards of Expert Control: Chief Risk Officers and Risky Derivatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Pernell ◽  
Jiwook Jung ◽  
Frank Dobbin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Financial Derivatives ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Expert Control ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Moral Licensing ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Using Data

At the turn of the century, regulators introduced policies to control bank risk-taking. Many banks appointed chief risk officers (CROs), yet bank holdings of new, complex, and untested financial derivatives subsequently soared. Why did banks expand use of new derivatives? We suggest that CROs encouraged the rise of new derivatives in two ways. First, we build on institutional arguments about the expert construction of compliance, suggesting that risk experts arrived with an agenda of maximizing risk-adjusted returns, which led them to favor the derivatives. Second, we build on moral licensing arguments to suggest that bank appointment of CROs induced “organizational licensing,” leading trading-desk managers to reduce policing of their own risky behavior. We further argue that CEOs and fund managers bolstered or restrained derivatives use depending on their financial interests. We predict that CEOs favored new derivatives when their compensation rewarded risk-taking, but that both CEOs and fund managers opposed new derivatives when they held large illiquid stakes in banks. We test these predictions using data on derivatives holdings of 157 large banks between 1995 and 2010.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of risk-taking in bipolar disorder: Reductions in behavioral consistency and substance use history-specific alterations to loss aversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly A Lasagna ◽  
Timothy Joseph Pleskac ◽  
Cynthia Burton ◽  
Melvin G McInnis ◽  
Stephan F Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Behavioral Consistency ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Comparison Results

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with excessive pleasure-seeking risk-taking behaviors that often characterize its clinical presentation. However, the mechanisms of risk-taking behavior are not well-understood in BD. Recent data suggest prior substance use disorder (SUD) in BD may represent certain trait-level vulnerabilities for risky behavior. This study examined the mechanisms of risk-taking and the role of SUD in BD via mathematical modeling of behavior on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Three groups—18 euthymic BD with prior SUD (BD+), 15 euthymic BD without prior SUD (BD-), and 33 healthy comparisons (HC)—completed the BART. We modeled behavior using 4 competing hierarchal Bayesian models, and model comparison results favored the Exponential-Weight Mean-Variance (EWMV) model, which encompasses and delineates five cognitive components of risk-taking: prior belief, learning rate, risk preference, loss aversion, and behavioral consistency. Both BD groups, regardless of SUD history, showed lower behavioral consistency than HC. BD+ exhibited more pessimistic prior beliefs (relative to BD- and HC) and reduced loss aversion (relative to HC) during risk-taking on the BART. Traditional measures of risk-taking on the BART (adjusted pumps, total points, total pops) detected no group differences. These findings suggest that reduced behavioral consistency is a crucial feature of risky decision-making in BD and that SUD history in BD may signal additional trait vulnerabilities for risky behavior even when mood symptoms and substance use are in remission. This study also underscores the value of using mathematical modeling to understand behavior in research on complex disorders like BD.

The top six risky behaviors among Iranian university students: a national survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
Younes Mohammadi ◽  
Ali Reza Soltanian ◽  
Jamal Ahmadpoor
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
General Health ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Abstract Background Multiple risk-taking behaviors are associated with increased risk of poor educational attainment, morbidity and premature mortality. This study involved a large representative sample of Iranian university students addressing multiple risk behaviors and associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study included 4261 participants, involving 13 medical universities throughout the country in 2017. The following six risky behaviors were addressed: (a) smoking cigarettes during the past month, (b) using some kinds of illicit drugs during the past month, (c) drinking alcohol during the past month, (d) engaging unprotected sex during the past year, (e) having suicidal ideation during the past month or attempting suicide in the past year, (f) and Internet addiction. The 20-item internet addiction test and the 28-item general health questionnaire were used. Results Almost 37.3% of the participants engaged in at least one out of six risky behaviors. The prevalence of Internet addiction was 24.5%, cigarette smoking 13.5%, alcohol use 7.8%, illicit drug abuse 4.9%, unprotected sex 7.8%, suicidal ideation 7.4%, attempting suicide 1.7% and general health problems 38.9%. Conclusion A majority of the Iranian university students studied engaged in at least one risky behavior. Engaging in one risky behavior increases the risk of engaging in other risk-taking behaviors.

Venturesomeness, Impulsiveness, and Risky Behavior among Older Adolescents

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Moore ◽  
Doreen A. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
High Risk Behavior ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Older Adolescents

Links of high risk behavior with personality dimensions of venturesomeness and impulsiveness were established for 237 college students ages 18 to 20 years.

scholarly journals Risk-Taking That Signals Trust Increases Social Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegan Cruwys ◽  
Mark Stevens ◽  
Michael J. Platow ◽  
John Drury ◽  
Elyse Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Research Attention

Abstract. Social identification predicts many important phenomena; however, its determinants have received comparably little research attention. We argue that people are more likely to socially identify with others who engage in risky behavior that implies trust than with those who act cautiously, and test this in four experiments with over 900 participants. The experiments found support for the hypotheses across diverse risk contexts – specifically, risk of physical injury, disease risk, and financial risk. These findings indicate that others’ risk taking can strengthen shared psychological group membership.

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