scholarly journals Happy 2 Smell (H2S)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Santos ◽  
A. Pereira ◽  
D. Duarte ◽  
J. Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Sulphur Bacteria ◽  
Support Matrix ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Dry Fruit ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

A problem was initially identified: the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere, namely hydrogen sulphide, H2S, by the tanneries close to our school district. After carrying out theoretical investigations in Biology and Chemistry, the students developed an idea for a project, which consisted of creating a biological filter, with a porous matrix that could be easily traversed by the H2S gas, using, for this purpose, the dry fruit of the plant Luffa aegyptiaca. This material possesses a high porosity and good physical and chemical resistance, serving as a support matrix for sulphur bacteria and, initially, also their culture medium. In collaboration with Alcanena's Wastwater Treatment Plant, sludge from different treatment stages containing sulphurous bacteria were collected. These bacteria manage to transform H2S into sulphur and water. Finally, in collaboration with CTIC (Technological Center for the Leather Industry), iodometric titrations were carried out, proving the effectiveness of the produced filter.

Hollow Nanostructures for Application in Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-147
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Hollow Nanostructures ◽  
Feedstock Availability ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Structure Engineering

Hollow nanostructures are nanoscale materials with interior cavities, high volumetric load capacity ratio and high porosity. This new generation structure has gained huge momentum in the field of energy storage and photovoltaics due to such promising physical and chemical features. This chapter highlights contributions of various works where hollow nanostructures of metals and carbonaceous materials had been used in solar cell over the last few years. The harnessing of efficiency with structural modifications in the hollow structures over the years was shown in various works. The effect of structure engineering on the performance of solar cell has been explained in detail where voids in metallic hollow nanostructure enhance light scattering and high charge recombination. Simultaneously, carbonaceous hollow nanostructured materials are considered to be the latest photoelectrode materials and designated to be alternatives for metallic hollow nanostructures counterpart due to their high feedstock availability and fabrication charges.

Polyurethane foam based biofilter media for toluene removal

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Moe ◽  
R. L. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Nutrient Limitations ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Polyurethane foam medium was manufactured and analyzed to determine its suitability as a solid support medium for use in gas-phase biofilters. Physical and chemical studies were conducted to determine the medium's characteristics. The medium's ability to support an active biofilm capable of degrading volatile organic compounds was assessed using a laboratory scale biofilter fed a model waste stream containing toluene for more than 250 days with empty bed residence times (EBRTs) ranging from two to four minutes. Results are presented that show how a polyurethane foam medium with high porosity, suitable pore size, low density, and an ability to sorb water was able to remove over 99% of the influent toluene when fed at a concentration of 200 ppmv. An operating strategy is described which effectively prevented two problems common to conventionally operated biofilter systems: nutrient limitations and biosolid accumulation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents on receiving streams using oligochaete communities of the porous matrix

2019 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Régis Vivien ◽  
Michel Lafont ◽  
Inge Werner ◽  
Mélanie Laluc ◽  
Benoit J.D. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Coarse Surface

Human activities can disturb the natural dynamics of exchanges between surface water and groundwater in rivers. Such exchanges contribute to the self-purification of the environment and an excess of infiltration can lead to contamination of groundwater. In addition, the porous matrix (coarse surface sediments and hyporheic zone), through which water exchanges occur, is a sink for pollutants. For environmental monitoring programs, it is therefore essential to take into account both the dynamics of vertical hydrological exchanges and the biological quality of this matrix. The functional trait (FTR) method, which is based on the study of oligochaete communities in coarse surface sediments and the hyporheic zone, was proposed as a tool to simultaneously assess the dynamics of vertical hydrological exchanges and the effects of pollutants present in the porous matrix. Here, we applied this method during two different periods (in March and September 2016), upstream and downstream of locations affected by discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) located in Switzerland. The biological quality of surface sediments and the hyporheic zone was shown to be better upstream of the WWTP in both campaigns. In addition, results suggested that the capacity for self-purification was lower downstream of the WWTP, and that groundwater at these locations was vulnerable to pollution by surface water. The FTR method proved valuable as a field method for detecting the effects of point source contamination on receiving streams. In the near future, this community-based approach will benefit from advances in the use of DNA barcodes for oligochaete species identification.

Modifications of Physical and Chemical Soil Properties by Application of Treated Petrochemical Effluent

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Z. Simon ◽  
M. Tedesco ◽  
P. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Infiltration Tests ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Wastewaters generated by Pólo Petroquímico do Sul (South Petrochemical Complex, Triunfo, Brazil) and treated up to tertiary level at SITEL (the integrated effluent treatment plant of the complex) are disposed of on land since 1983 at average rates of 140 m3/ha.day. With the purpose of studying the cumulative effect on soil properties of effluent applied under distinct conditions, four sites have been selected for comparison with adjacent blank areas. Soil samples have been taken for analyses from three different depths (0–30, 30–60 and 60–120 cm) and infiltration tests have been conducted on site. Soil pH, electrical conductivity and extractable Na, Ca and S increased in treated areas, while exchangeable Al and extractable Zn decreased. Exchangeable K and Mg and extractable P, Cu, Mn and B, as well as other toxic metals, did not show significant modifications in comparison with blank areas, with the exception of cadmium. Infiltration rates showed an average fourfold decrease in soils which underwent effluent application, due to increase in pH and exchangeable Na and decrease in Al, all these factors contributing to clay dispersion. The main alterations of forest and grassland environments consisted of trees falling caused by progressive weakening of the root system, due, in turn, to the change to a predominantly anaerobic soil environment and damage to some grass and shrub species, due to the direct impact of sprayed effluent. The observed results are compatible with the average effluent characteristics: low concentrations of toxic metals and negligible contents of residual organic toxicants, together with a high Sodium Adsorption Ratio. With respect to the chemical status of the investigated soils the service life of the disposal system can be extended to decades, provided the discharges of Cd are restricted. As far as infiltration rates are concerned, the results are worrying, however. The soils can be reclaimed by fallowing of the application areas and/or addition of Ca and Mg in order to decrease the Exchangeable Sodium Percentage.

The Quality of Marine Water Around a Sewage Outfall

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Al-Muzaini ◽  
M. Beg ◽  
K. Muslamani ◽  
M. Al-Mutairi
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Foul Smell ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A major sewage outlet located close to Shuwaikh Harbor discharges raw and treated water from the Al-Ardhiya sewage treatment plant, as well as raw sewage from a pumping station. It also receives input from Kuwait International Airport. The area has been spotted for its characteristic foul smell mainly because of stagnant water at the outlet. Therefore, samples were collected from eleven fixed stations at high tide and six stations at low tide to examine water quality parameters, NO3, NO2, NH3, SO4, S2, PO4, BOD, COD, TOC and heavy metals Pd, V, Cd, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, and total fecal coliform. The results of the physical and chemical analyses for both high-and low-tide samples along with microbiological analyses indicate that the Shuwaikh marine area is polluted. The pollution is high near the discharge point and decreases with distance. The data revealed a lower level of chemical pollutants and fecal counts at high tide than at low tide. This is mainly because of the dilution caused by incoming seawater at high tide. Although tidal movement helps reduce pollution in the area, for improvement of the situation to the desired level, biological wastewater treatment is suggested to remove most of the organic matter before discharge. Also, extension of the discharge outfall pipe to the open sea area would help reduce trapping of effluent in the coastal region and check fouling in the area.

scholarly journals Decentralized wastewater treatment performance evaluation based on chemical and physical parameters at Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Suphia Rahmawati ◽  
Andik Yulianto ◽  
Ahmad Traju Pangentas Wijayaningrat
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Communal wastewater treatment plant (CWWTP) has been chosen as one system to treat domestic wastewater due to simple technology, flexible management, and cost-effectiveness. There are 376 CWWTP have been recorded by Environmental Agency of Yogyakarta (DLH DIY) that spread in five regencies. Monitoring results on CWWTP effluent showed that some physical and chemical parameters did not meet the domestic wastewater standard. Therefore, evaluation of removal efficiency in terms physical and chemical parameters are necessary. The samples were collected from nine CWWTP in Banguntapan, Bantul and Gamping sub-districts. The physical and chemicals parameters (pH, TSS, BOD, COD, Ammonia, oil, and grease) of influent and effluent from CWWTP are analyzed based on National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) for domestic wastewater. The results show that BOD (>70%) and TSS (>50%) have better removal effectiveness compare with COD, ammonia, oil, and grease (40%). Overall, CWWTP in Banguntapan subdistrict has better performance compare with CWWTP in Bantul subdistrict.

Seasonal Changes in the Limnology of Some Meromictic Lakes in Southern British Columbia

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1763-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
T. G. Halsey
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sulphur Bacteria ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Seasonal changes in physical, chemical, and biological features are described in four small lakes which show different types and degrees of meromixis. There is a wide range in total dissolved solid content between lakes as well as within lakes (surface to near-bottom): Yellow, 282 (surface) to 337 (bottom); White, 6229–7918; Mahoney, 10,003–86,906; Lyons, 12,116–222,195 mg/liter, but no marked seasonal changes. In Yellow Lake meromixis is probably maintained by morphometric features of the lake basin rather than a strong chemocline; in the other lakes complete mixing is inhibited by chemical density gradients, those in Mahoney and Lyons being especially sharp.Summer, autumn, winter (under ice), and spring vertical profiles are presented for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, specific conductivity; differences within and between lakes are discussed. Other physical–chemical characteristics are given in less detail.Purple sulphur bacteria occur in three of the lakes (White, Mahoney, Lyons) and in the latter two form discrete "plates" detectable by high frequency echo sounding (confirmed by sampling). Seasonal changes in depth of the bacterial plates are considered in relation to some physical and chemical parameters. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos communities are discussed in relation to the degree of meromixis shown by the lakes.

scholarly journals Study of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Two Localities in Dolj County

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-357
Author(s):  
Gilda-Diana Buzatu ◽  
Ana Maria Dodocioiu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The study was conducted in two neighboring localities located in the northern county of Dolj, namely Murgasi and Bulzesti. The purpose of the study was twofold: namely, the study of heavy metal loading in order to identify possible pollution areas and to know the soil content of these localities in heavy metals in order to be able to give the verdict on the use of sludge from Craiova wastewater treatment plant as fertilizer on these soils. In order to determine the suitability of sewage sludge from the Craiova wastewater treatment plant as a fertilizer, physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of the soils in these areas were analysed, as well as the chemical composition of sludge, according to Order 344/2004 of the Ministry of Environment and Water Management of Romania, respectively 13 physical and chemical parameters of the soils in these localities and the chemical composition of the sludge and respectively the quantity of heavy metals to be introduced annually into the soil by using it.

scholarly journals Local hemostatic agents and ways of their improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Budko ◽  
Daria A. Chernikova ◽  
Leonid M. Yampolsky ◽  
Valentina Y. Yatsyuk
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Original Compositions ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Hemostatic Agents ◽  
Hemostatic Activity ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Very High ◽  
Large Vessels

Recently, local hemostatic agents (LHA) have become increasingly popular abroad and in our country. They act in a targeted way and can be used both in damage to large vessels and in diffuse bleeding. In the article, chemical nature, physical and chemical characteristics of materials and mechanisms of LHA activity are considered, directions of their improvement are shown. LHA are mostly classified by mechanism of action. To date, the popular groups of hemostatic agents are «mucoadhesive agents» (chitosan, amylopectin) and «coagulation factors concentrators» (zeolites, kaolin). Other authors distinguish the group of «aggregation and adhesion stimulants» (collagen, cellulose). Here, representatives of these groups have common characteristics – very high porosity and hydration ability. Another group includes substances that «promote protein denaturation» (inorganic salts of metals, as well as salts of acrylic acid and its derivatives). Polyacrylates are the basis of adhesives with hemostatic activity. However, most modern LHA are complex drugs and it is just this group that is most promising. All means, from hemostatic sponges produced by Zelyonaya Dubrava (Russia) and Nycomed, Takeda (Austria, Norway), and to hemostatic materials of MedTrade manufacture (Great Britain), Etiguette and Z-Medica (USA), combine sorption and, actually, thrombotic properties. The trademarks often imply original compositions and, especially, technologies: Quick Relief, BioSeal, BallistiClot, Hemaderm, CELOX Gauze PRO, OMNI-STAT Hemostatic Gauze for minor external bleeding. The most effective LHA are those based on chitosan and kaolin in the form of dressings with embedded clot-forming substance, for example, with artificial platelets or other coagulation factors.

scholarly journals Viability of the Use of Leachates from a Mechanical Biological Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plant as Fertilizers

Recycling ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cardoso ◽  
Helder Gomes ◽  
Paulo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
No Production ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment ◽  
Compost Leachate ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The main environmental issue associated with compost production is the production of a liquid leachate. Leachate from municipal wastes contains carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements that can be used as nutrients by plants. The advantages of the use of organic wastes such as compost leachate as fertilizers are evident. Their use would reduce the consumption of commercial fertilizers, which need, with their production, high cost and energy. This work aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of a specific leachate with a variable composition, collected from the composting line of a mechanical and biological treatment facility. The goal is to assess if the leachates can be used as a potential source for fertilizers, and thus develop and design a sequence of processes which could effectively convert the leachates to commercial fertilizers according to the requirements of the proposal of regulation of the European Parliament of 2016 for fertilizers. Preliminary results show that the leachate samples qualitatively meet the requirements established for the composition of commercial fertilizers, especially organo-mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, there is no production cost of leachate as a raw material. The results show that the leachate is characterized by manageable concentrations of heavy metals which can be removed by adsorption processes, and it presents suitable amounts of organic carbon after a water removal procedure. However, the establishment of the conditions for suitable conversion processes are still under investigation considering the high composition variability due to factors like storage and environmental conditions.

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