scholarly journals Digestive proteases and carbohydrases along the alimentary tract of the stargazer, Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1753

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
E.S. PAPOUTSOGLOU ◽  
A.R. LYNDON
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion ◽  
Uranoscopus Scaber

Digestive enzyme activity and capacity (activity x tissue weight) for protein (total protease assay, 25° C) and carbohydrates (total carbohydrase and alpha-glucosidase assay at 5, 18 and 25° C) was investigated for the carnivorous stargazer, Uranoscopus scaber along its digestive tract. Results indicated that whole gut total protease activity was highest at pH 1.5 (P<0.05) (25° C) in U. scaber, (6.64±2.55 mg tyrosine per g digestive tract per minute, pH 1.5). Total protease activity was apparent mainly in the stomach at pH 1.5 (9.73±3.3), and to a lesser degree in the anterior intestine (11.15±1.5, pH 10.0) and pyloric caeca (4.92±2.06, pH 10.0), especially at pH 9.0 and 10.0. Furthermore, 60% of total capacity for protein digestion derives from the stomach region, which takes up 65% of the digestive tract. Total carbohydrase activity and capacity levels were very low compared to other carnivorous teleosts, indicating very low tendency for complex, large molecular weight carbohydrate digestion. However, alpha-glucosidase levels were higher, a fact which combined with relevant data for other marine carnivorous teleosts suggests a possible role of disaccharide in relation to marine carnivorous fish dietary carbohydrate inclusion.

Differential modulation after feeding in different salinities and response to abscisic acid (ABA) and extracellular Ca2+ of aminopeptidase N (APN) activity in the hepatopancreas of the intertidal euryhaline crab Neohelice granulata

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
M.S. Michiels ◽  
G.R. Daleo ◽  
A.A. López Mañanes
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Aminopeptidase N ◽  
Differential Modulation ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Neohelice Granulata

Modulation of aminopeptidase N (APN) activity in the digestive tract by various factors would be important to adjust digestive and absorptive processes under different physiological and (or) environmental conditions. We studied the postprandial responses at different salinities and the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and extracellular Ca2+ on APN activity in the hepatopancreas (the main site for nutrient digestion and absorption) of the model species Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851). Enzyme activity was determined at different times (0, 24, 48, and 72 h) after feeding in crabs acclimated either to 35 psu (osmoconformation) or 10 psu (hyper-regulation). APN activity increased around 50% at 24 h after feeding at 35 psu, whereas no changes occurred at 10 psu. Enzyme activity was also assayed in the presence of ABA (1 × 10–4 mol·L–1) or extracellular Ca2+ (1 × 10–4 mol·L–1), showing increments of 60% and 56%, respectively. The results suggest a role of APN in postprandial adjustments and its modulation by different chemical messengers by direct effect on the hepatopancreas. Moreover, to our knowledge, this work is the first to show the effect of ABA on a digestive enzyme in the digestive tract of an animal.

scholarly journals Morphohistology of the Digestive Tract of the Damsel FishStegastes fuscus(Osteichthyes: Pomacentridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskara Canan ◽  
Wallace Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Naisandra Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Sathyabama Chellappa
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tidal Pools

This study investigated the morphohistology of the digestive tract and the mean intestinal coefficient of the damsel fishStegastes fuscuscaptured from the tidal pools of Northeastern Brazil. The wall of the digestive tract ofS. fuscusis composed of the tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. The esophagus is short with sphincter and thick distensible wall with longitudinally folded mucosa. Mucous glands are predominant, and the muscular layer of the esophagus presented striated fibers all along its extension. The transition region close to the stomach shows plain and striated muscular fibers. Between the stomach and intestine, there are three pyloric caeca. The intestine is long and thin with four folds around the stomach. The anterior intestine presents folds similar to those of pyloric caeca. The estimated mean intestinal coefficient and characteristics of the digestive system ofS. fuscuspresent morphological adequacy for both herbivorous and omnivorous feeding habits.

Digestive enzyme and gut surfactant activity of detritivorous gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Smoot ◽  
Robert H Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Gizzard Shad ◽  
Dorosoma Cepedianum ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Surfactant Activity

Measuring digestive enzyme and surfactant activities tested specialization of gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) digestive physiology to a detritivorous feeding strategy. Digestive enzyme activity was measured in adult and larval gizzard shad using fluorescently labeled artificial substrates. Surfactant activity in gizzard shad was measured by comparing gut juice drop diameters over a range of dilutions. Enzyme activity in the ceca region of adult gizzard shad was high for esterase, beta-glucosidase, lipase, and protease. Enzyme activity was lower in posterior intestine sections than in anterior intestine sections, although protease activity remained high for the greatest distance in the intestine. Micelles were detected in adult gizzard shad gut juice, and surfactant activity was greatest in the ceca region. Larval gizzard shad protease activity was similar to that of adult fish, and surfactants were below their critical micelle concentration. Gizzard shad coupled digestive physiology with gut anatomy to obtain nutrients from detritus, and these adaptations may explain elevated growth rates observed in these fish when they are planktivorous.

scholarly journals Drosophila Gut—A Nexus Between Dietary Restriction and Lifespan

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Lian ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Brian Hodge ◽  
Kenneth Wilson ◽  
Guixiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Accumulation Of Damage

Aging is often defined as the accumulation of damage at the molecular and cellular levels which, over time, results in marked physiological impairments throughout the organism. Dietary restriction (DR) has been recognized as one of the strongest lifespan extending therapies observed in a wide array of organisms. Recent studies aimed at elucidating how DR promotes healthy aging have demonstrated a vital role of the digestive tract in mediating the beneficial effects of DR. Here, we review how dietary restriction influences gut metabolic homeostasis and immune function. Our discussion is focused on studies of the Drosophila digestive tract, where we describe in detail the potential mechanisms in which DR enhances maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, up-regulates lipid metabolic processes, and improves the ability of the gut to deal with damage or stress. We also examine evidence of a tissue-tissue crosstalk between gut and neighboring organs including brain and fat body. Taken together, we argue that the Drosophila gut plays a critical role in DR-mediated lifespan extension.

scholarly journals Biological role of zonulin: a biomarker of increased intestinal permeability syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. I. Khavkin ◽  
N. M. Bogdanova ◽  
V. P. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Intercellular Connections

.Both changes in diet and pathological conditions caused by an infectious agent, allergic or autoimmune inflammatory process, affect the biological rhythms of the digestive tract, which negatively affects the intestinal microbiota and increases the permeability of the intestinal mucosa. The altered microbiota potentiates inflammation and causes a “vicious circle”. The zonulin protein is the agent that modulates the density of intercellular connections. The review presents data on the biological role of zonulin, correction of its synthesis violation with the help of functional products for baby food.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gilthead Sea Bream Gut Microbiota by a Bioactive Egg White Hydrolysate: Interactions Between Bacteria and Host Lipid Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Naya-Català ◽  
Giulia A. Wiggers ◽  
M. Carla Piazzon ◽  
Manuel I. López-Martínez ◽  
Itziar Estensoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Anterior Intestine

This study aimed to highlight the relationship between diet, animal performance and mucosal adherent gut microbiota (anterior intestine) in fish fed plant-based diets supplemented with an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) with antioxidant and anti-obesogenic activity in obese rats. The feeding trial with juveniles of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) lasted 8 weeks. Fish were fed near to visual satiety with a fish meal (FM)/fish oil (FO) based diet (CTRL) or a plant-based diet with/without EWH supplementation. Specific growth rate decreased gradually from 2.16% in CTRL fish to 1.88% in EWH fish due to a reduced feed intake, and a slight impairment of feed conversion ratio. Plant-based diets feeding triggered a hyperplasic inflammation of the anterior intestine regardless of EWH supplementation. However, EWH ameliorated the goblet cell depletion, and the hepatic and intestinal lipid accumulation induced by FM/FO replacement. Illumina sequencing of gut mucosal microbiota yielded a mean of 136,252 reads per sample assigned to 2,117 OTUs at 97% identity threshold. The bacterial diversity was similar in all groups, but a significantly lower richness was found in EWH fish. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria reached the highest proportion in CTRL and EWH fish, whereas Firmicutes were decreased and Actinobacteria increased with the FM/FO replacement. The proportion of Actinobacteria was restored by dietary EWH supplementation, which also triggered a highest amount of Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes. At a closer look, a widespread presence of Lactobacillales among groups was found. Otherwise, polysaccharide hydrolases secretors represented by Corynebacterium and Nocardioides were increased by the FM/FO replacement, whereas the mucin-degrading Streptococcus was only raised in fish fed the plant-based diet without EWH. In addition, in EWH fish, a higher abundance of Propionibacterium was related to an increased concentration of intestinal propionate. The antagonism of gut health-promoting propionate with cholesterol could explain the inferred underrepresentation of primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid degradation pathways in the EWH fish microbiota. Altogether, these results reinforce the central role of gut microbiota in the regulation of host metabolism and lipid metabolism in particular, suggesting a role of the bioactive EWH peptides as an anti-obesity and/or satiety factor in fish.

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