scholarly journals Intercomparison of five nets used for mesozooplankton sampling

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ALTUKHOV ◽  
I. SIOKOU ◽  
M. PANTAZI ◽  
K. STEFANOVA ◽  
F. TIMOFTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Ecosystem Changes

Intercomparison of nets commonly used for mesozooplankton sampling in the Black and Mediterranean seas was attempted within SESAME (Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem Changes) project. Five nets were compared: three Juday nets equipped with 150 μm, 180 μm and 200 μm mesh size, Nansen net (100 μm mesh size) and WP2 (200 μm mesh size). Replicated samples were collected at one station in the western Black Sea offshore waters in April 2009. Collected samples were analyzed at species level (except for meroplankton), stages (for copepods) and size length. A decrease of total abundance values was observed with increasing mesh size, due to the significantly higher numbers of animals smaller than 1 mm in the samples obtained by fine mesh size than with coarser nets. Few comparisons were revealed significant for the abundance of animals with 1-2 mm length, while no significance was detected for specimens larger than 2 mm. The above differences resulted in discripancies between nets regarding species and stages composition. Biomass values did not differ significantly between nets, due to the strong contribution to total biomass of the large animals fraction (Calanus euxinus). The smallest and the largest animals revealed high variability between replicates collected by Nansen, Juday- 200 μm and WP2 nets. Correction factors were calculated for the conversion of abundance values between each couple of nets. The detected differences between nets regarding the abundance and biomass, the community taxonomic composition and size structure, as well as the estimated correction factors, provide useful information for the harmonization of data obtained by the above nets in the Black Sea.

scholarly journals Winter jellyfish macroplankton off the coastal of Crimea

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
S. M. Ignatyev ◽  
V. V. Gubanov ◽  
N. A. Datsyk
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Azov Sea

Predatory macroplankton of jellyfish species is an important component of the pelagic ecosystem. It is capable of mass development, and may influence pelagic communities. Surveillance monitoring of jellyfish populations can detect the seasonal and long-term trends of their variability and assess the role of jellyfish in the trophic structure of the pelagic zone. Monitoring of plankton community (jellyfish macroplankton) off the coastal of Crimea from the Cape Tarkhankut to the Kerch coast (including the Azov Sea) in winter period is presented. 22 comprehensive oceanographic stations from Cape Tarkhankut to the Kerch Strait and in Azov Sea at the depths of up to 100 m were made. We used a Bogorov — Russ plankton net (entrance area is 0.5 square meters) for collecting plankton in the upper 100-m water layer. Jellyfish were measured immediately, we used a standard method of measuring and calculated the mass of the individual instances by the formulas. The biomass is calculated as the product of the abundance and the average wet weight of organisms in the population. Abundance and biomass macroplankton were counted per square meter of water surface or per the volume of filtered water. The species composition of jellyfish macroplankton was represented by 1 species of jellyfish and 3 species of ctenophores. Aurelia aurita dominated in biomass (98 % of the total biomass of gelatinous macroplankton)  everywhere; Pleurobrachia and Aurelia dominated in abundance (67 and 25 % respectively). The share of both species of ctenophores-invaders did not exceed 8 %. The average relative abundance of jellyfish along the coast of Crimea was fluctuated between 9 and 43 %, comb jellies — from 32 to 77 %. Quantitative distribution of gelatinous macroplankton was non-uniform — from complete absence to 83.3 g·m-3 (average of 12.6 g·m-3). The highest biomass was registered in the area of Sevastopol and Eupatoria, the minimum — off the southern coast of Crimea. Jellyfish were noted at almost all stations. Their biomass reached a value of 18 g·m-3. Distribution of jellyfish is characterized by marked heterogeneity with higher values of abundance and biomass in the area of the southern coast of Crimea and lower — in the stations in the western part of the Black Sea. Aurelia was presented with large dome diameter of 21–220 mm (average diameter — 93 mm). The bulk of the population was accounted for last year’s individuals generation. Biomass of the ctenophore M. leidyi varied from 86 to 4788 mg·m-3 (average of 1595 mg·m-3). The structure of its population was represented by wide size range of animals — 10–65 mm, while the share of larger animals of 60–100 % was observed in the western and south-eastern parts of the Black Sea. On the southern coast of Crimea 45 % of population of ctenophore were animals of 15–25 mm. Biomass of the ctenophore B. ovata was within 34.8–1316.6 mg·m-3 (average of 371.4 mg·m-3). Its abundance varied within a small range, except the area of Feodosia stations, where the maximum value was observed (it was more than 1 g·m-3). B. ovata population consisted of individuals of 20–40 mm long, while it formed the basis of immature specimens of 20–30 mm (50–70 % of the total). In Kerch area their share has reached 100 %. There were hibernating animals of last year’s generation. The coldwater ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus was present almost everywhere, with biomass from 0.1 to 6.0 mg·m-3. Maximum values of abundance were observed in Alushta region. The stations of Crimean southern coast were characterized by intermediate, relatively flat values. South-eastern and western parts of the Black Sea were marked by similar values of abundance and biomass. In all studied regions, the prevailing size group in the structure of P. pileus populations were individuals with a  diameter of 10 mm. In the deep-sea area of the southern part of Crimea population was represented in the larger size range, and the proportion of animals ranging in size from 11 to 20 mm was low (5 %). In general, “winter” composition, size structure and abundance of jellyfish off the coast of the Crimea are the same of indicators in the coastal waters of Sevastopol. But the results show the existence of certain differences in the structure and quantitative development of jellyfish macroplankton in southern and  western coasts of Crimea.

Meiobenthos as indicator of gaseous hydrocarbons reservoirs existing under the seabed of the Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Yanko ◽  
Anna Kravchuk ◽  
Irina Kulakova ◽  
Tatiana Kondariuk
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Dual Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>This <span>presentation</span> represents a case study that reviews research into the relationship between meiobenthos distribution and concentrations of hydrocarbon gases (HG), primarily methane, in the sediments of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, including gases released by mud volcanoes and gas seeps. Evidence forming the basis of this research comes from meiobenthos here represented by 29 species of benthic foraminifers, 7 species of ostracods, and 44 species of nematodes. The potential use of these meiobenthic organisms as indicators of gaseous hydrocarbons reservoirs existing under the seabed is evaluated according to two linked axes, namely the dual analysis of abiotic factors (physical and chemical parameters of the water column, gasmetrical, geochemical, lithological, and mineralogical properties of the sediments) and biotic characteristics (quantitative and taxonomic composition of foraminifers, nematodes, and ostracods). Studies of this kind have been directed toward developing interdisciplinary methods to improve the search for HG accumulations, especially methane, under the seabed. Development of such methods might have substantial socio-economic importance for the economy of Ukraine as well as that of other Black Sea countries, and such methods might also contribute to the sustainable development of Black Sea ecosystems.</p>

scholarly journals Stratigraphy of the Pliocene deposits of the Black Sea (Ukraine) according to evidence from ostracods (Arthropoda, Crustacea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
N. І. Dykan
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
Internal Pore ◽  
Brackish Water Species

This article presents a detailed analysis of the taxonomic composition of the Pliocene (Kimmerian, Kujalnikian) and Eopleistocene (Gurian) ostracods in the northern part of the Black Sea. It presents the patterns of the stratigraphic position of the fossil ostracods in the Miocene - Quaternary and their geographic distribution in Western and Eastern Europe (the Pannonian Basin, the Dacian Basin, the Euxinian basin of the Paratethys) and the Mediterranean region.Wedetermined the characteristic species for the Kimmerian, Kujalnikian and Gurian in the northern part of the Black Sea. We established a change in the taxonomic composition of ostracods at the Pliocene (Kujalnikian)/Eopleistocene (Gurian) boundary, namely the disappearance of a large number of Pliocene species and the appearance of new species. Ten species disappeared in the Kujalnikian Cyprideis pontica, Euxinocythere (M.) crebra, Amnicythere mironovi, Camptocypria lobata, Loxoconcha subcrassula, Loxoconcha verticalitercostata, Xestoleberis (X.) cellulocus, Xestoleberis (P.) communis, Candona (C.) expressa, Ilyocypris caspiensis; one species Amnicythere postbissinuata appeared in the Gurian. The brackish water species Cyprideis pontica is the Kujalnikian index species. The stratigraphic position of Cyprideis pontica in the Mediterranean Basin, Pannonian Basin, Dacian Basin, Euxinian Basin (Black Sea) in the Miocene-Quaternary is analyzed. The time of the disappearance of Cyprideis pontica in the Mediterranean, Pannonian and Dacian basins (Messinian, Pontian/Zanclean, Dacian, Kimmerian boundary) and in the Black Sea (Kujalnikian/Gurian boundary) is established. The diagnostic morphological features of the shell Cyprideis pontica (morphology of the surface pore canals) are established and described, which allows us to place this species in the Neogene deposits. Surface pore canals are different shape, sievetyped, deepened in relation to the surface of the valve. Sieve-shaped lamella contains 110-270 internal pores. The internal pores have a staggered shape, the diameter of the osculum of the internal pore is 302-994 nm; diameter of the central pore is 977 nm-1.8 μm). The evolution of Cyprideis pontica, which was separated from the parent species Cyprideis torosa in the Late Miocene, was reconstructed. In the occupation of a new ecological niche with a reduced oxygen content in deeper water biotopes, in the process of adapting to the conditions of hypoxia and necessity of increasing the volume of water filtration, there was a restructuring of the morphology of the surface pore canals of the shell Cyprideis torosa. This involved an increase in the size of the sieve-shaped lamella, the number of internal pores in the sieve-shaped lamella and the size of the osculum of the inner pore. A new morphotype Cyprideis pontica was thus formed within the existing Parathetys-Mediterranean basins. It had a mosaic, ecologically isolated range that coincided geographically or overlapped with the range of the species Cyprideis torosa (sympatric evolutionary speciation). The range of Cyprideis pontica and the dynamics of its populations in the Euxinian Basin during the Sarmatian-Kujalnikian have been reconstructed.

scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part III: Mollusca (Gastropoda)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. K. Revkov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
Rapa Whelk

This work is a continuation of a series of descriptions of the taxonomic composition of the consort community of Rapana venosa. The shell of the large invasive gastropod R. venosa, which occupies the ecological niche of the terminal predator in benthic community, is simultaneously an attractive substrate for various hydrobionts – fouling and associated mobile forms, one of which is small gastropod mollusks. The latter are poorly explored and accounted for in the R. venosa consortium. The study of this group of hydrobionts in the composition of epibionts of rapana was carried out on the material obtained in 7 regions of the northern part of the Black Sea: 1 – Mamaya, coast of Romania; 2 – NW Crimean coast, Tarkhankut area; 3 – SW coast of Crimea, Sevastopol; 4 – Southern coast of Crimea, Alupka; 5 – Southern coast of Crimea, Yalta – Alushta; 6 – SE coast of Crimea, Karadag; 7 – Kerch Strait. Sampling of rapa-whelk in the coastal zone up to a depth of 15 m was carried out using light water diving equipment, in the deeper zone (up to 40 m), the “Ocean-50” bottom grabber was used from the board of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”. Gastropods as consorts of rapa-whelk were found predominantly in reg. 3, where in the summer – autumn season 2015–2017 the most detailed works were carried out and about 90 % of the material was sampled (1100 of 1216 R. venosa specimens). It was found that gastropods in the consortia of rapana were represented by 14 species of 9 genera of 6 families, 7 species of them with egg laying. The gastropods were observed in the consortium of R. venosa mainly in the epiphyton community of algal fouling of the shell, where the mollusc-consorts can form significant clusters – more than 60 individuals. Directly on the shell of the rapa-whelk, the gastropods were found singly or in small groups – from 2–5 to 10 individuals. The most numerous and often occurring (up to 25 %) gastropod species in the consortium of R. venosa was Bittium reticulatum (Cerithiidae). Less numerous were Tricolia pullus (Phasianellidae) (5–10 %, in Kazachya Bay – up to 25 %) and Rissoa splendida (Rissoidae) (the occurrence on the average was about 10 %). The remaining species were observed singly. The highest species diversity and abundance of gastropods were recorded at the depth of 4–10 m in the consortium of loose soils R. venosa ecomorph – 14 species; on the rocky ecomorph of rapa-whelk inhabiting the zone of more intensive hydrodynamics – only 2 species. Our research demonstrates that the ecological role of the invasive species of the Black Sea fauna, R. venosa, is not limited to be a predation. In particular, it contributes to reproduction, development and resettlement of other gastropod species. In the biotope of loose soils, where the there is a deficit of the solid substrate necessary for reproduction of many species of hydrobionts, including gastropods, R. venosa is “oasis” increasing the biological diversity of the benthos as a whole.

scholarly journals ZOOPLANKTON OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA OFF THE COAST OF TAMAN IN THE SUMMER-AUTUMN PERIOD 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
N.P. Remizova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mnemiopsis Leidyi ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Oithona Davisae ◽  
Invading Species ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern Part

The taxonomic composition and quantitative characteristics of zooplankton in the northeastern part of the Black Sea near the Taman coast in the summer-autumn period of 2018–2019 were studied. Zooplankton was represented mainly by eurythermic and thermophilic forms. All the discovered species and taxa are currently typical of the Black Sea, including the invading species: copepods Acartia tonsa, Oithona davisae, and combtails Mnemiopsis leidyi, Beroe ovata. The average number of zooplankton in 2018 ranged from 2.7–15.9 thousand copies/m3, the biomass – 0.02–0.14 g/m3; its indicators in 2019; they were lower, respectively, 2.0–5.6 thousand copies/m3 and 0.02–0.07 g/m3. These indicators were within the values recorded earlier, in 2013–2014. A significant part of the coastal zooplankton is meroplankton, which accounted for 5–69% of the population and 4–47% its biomass. O. davisae dominated amoung copepods. This speciest was leading in numbers in both years except June 2019. Despite the similarity of the taxonomic composition of zooplankton, the dominant species in terms of biomass differed by month in two years.

scholarly journals Variability of the food potential of the Kerch strait and the black sea pre-strait zone as a prospective area for the development of mollusks Mariculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Nataliy Sitnik
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Kerch Strait

Based on the data of integrated observations, the variability of phytoplankton, the amount of suspended organic matter and zooplankton of the pelagic zone of the Kerch Strait and the pre-strait zone of the Black Sea is considered. The algal flora of the entire Black Sea, the Kerch Strait and the pre-strait is characterized by the predominance of diatoms over pyridineas (pyrrophytes or dinoflagellates). The study of the species range, number and biomass of the phytoplankton community during several periods of the year showed that its dynamics is largely dependent on seasonal weather changes (climate). In the process of phytoplankton development, several phases of autogenic succession were revealed. It is expressed in a sequential change in phytoplankton forms, changes in its abundance and biomass typical of the eastern shelf of the Black Sea. The zooplankton community of the Kerch Strait is represented by micro-, meso- and macro- zooplankton typical of the Black Sea. Microzooplankton is represented by zooflagellates and protozoa, as well as by early larval stages of planktonic crustaceans, apendicularia and mollusks. Its total biomass averages about 80 mg/m3.The above analysis of the collected material allows us to conclude that the distribution of suspended matter and larvae is related primarily to the peculiarities of water circulation in the strait. In the case of low concentrations of larvae, the dynamic factor can be decisive in the process of sedimentation intensity. The amounts of suspended matter can reach 20 mg/m3, which is 2-3 times higher than on average for the Black Sea. It further demonstrates the high productivity of waters and the prospects of the latter to be the area for commercial growing of mussels.

Taxonomic composition of benthic Bacillariophyta algae of the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea shelf

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
M. Valeva ◽  
D. Temniskova-Topalova ◽  
V. Petrova-Karadzhova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea

scholarly journals Occurrence of Acartia tonsa Dana in the Black Sea. Was it introduced from the Mediterranean?

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GUBANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ship’S Ballast Water

It was reported for the first time that Acartia tonsa was present in the Black Sea as early as in 1976. A.tonsa was found in the Mediterranean Sea in 1985. So, this copepod was initially introduced to the Black Sea and did not invade here from the Mediterranean. Probably A.tonsa was transferred to the Black Sea with ship's ballast water from some other region of the World Ocean. Differences in seasonal dynamics and size structure of A.clausi and A.tonsa in the Bay of Sevastopol in 1976 are discussed.

scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part II: Mollusca (Polyplacophora, Bivalvia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. K. Revkov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
The Core ◽  
The North ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Plastic Bag

The study of mollusks-symbionts of the predatory gastropod Rapana venosa is a continuation of the work on the description of the taxonomic composition of the epibiont complex formed on the shell of the rapana. Modern studies of invasive gastropods R. venosa show that the ecological role of this species is not reduced only to predation. On a fairly large rapana shell a specific complex of organisms-epibionts considered as a consortium can be formed, the core of which is R. venosa. The consort of the gastropod mollusk-invader R. venosa is poorly understood and unaccounted for link in benthic communities and the ecosystem of the Black Sea shelf. In order to study the rapana consortian community, sampling were conducted in 7 regions of the Northern part of the Black Sea: 1 – Mamaya, Romania; 2 – the north-western part of the Black Sea, Crimean sector; 3 – Sevastopol, 4 – Alupka, 5 – Yalta – Alushta, 6 – Karadag, 7 – Kerch Strait. The sampling of R. venosa in the coastal zone to a depth of 15 m was carried out with the use of light-diving equipment, while in the deeper zone (up to 40 m), the “Ocean-50” bottom grab was used on board of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”. The collection of specimens was carried out totally, each sample was placed in a separate plastic bag indicating the collection region, depth and biotope. Along with the collection of mollusks, visual observations and photographic fixation of hydrobionts in situ were carried out. A total 890 specimens of R. venosa were sampled and analyzed. Compared with previous studies, the taxonomic list of consonant mollusks of R. venosa has been significantly expanded. The mollusc-consorts found on rapana have been classified into three classes: Polyplacophora, Bivalvia, Gastropoda. In this part of the investigation Polyplacophora, presented in a consortium of 3 species of 2 genera of 2 families, and Bivalvia, 7 species of 7 genera of 5 families, were considered. It was found that mollusks are an important component of the consortium of rapana. On rocky rapana ecomorph chitons were observed at a frequency of up to 25 %, on sandy rapana — up to 10 %, in the consortium of rapans as a whole chitons were found in around 12 % frequency. More than 80 % of the all chitons total number on rapana is in Lepidochitona cinerea. The occurrence of Bivalvia in most of the investigated regions is 50–75 %. The area of covering the shell of rapana with bivalves is usually 2–20 %, sometimes reaching 85 %. The most common species of bivalves and mollusks as a whole in the consortium of the Black Sea rapana is the Mytilaster lineatus. Most Bivalvia have a close relationship with the core of the consortium attaching to the surface of the shell of the rapana, and at the earliest stages and to the surface of the epiphytes. Representatives of Polyplacophora are confined mainly to the rocky form of rapana, while Bivalvia show a greater species diversity in the consociation of the ecomorph R. venosa of loose grounds (6 species) than the rocky form (3 species). Differences in the taxonomic composition of epibionts and the percent coverage of the shell of the two ecoforms of R. venosa are predominantly determined by specific dynamic impact of the water mass in the zones of development of rocky and loose grounds.

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