scholarly journals Effect of size, color and height of pheromone baited sticky traps on captures of Dacus oleae flies

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Haniotakis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Dacus Oleae ◽  
Pheromone Activity ◽  
Activity Traps ◽  
Trap Catches

The size of sticky pheromone traps has no effect on Dacus οleae catches when insect population densities are low. At high population densities trap catches increase with surface area. There were no differences in the numbers of D. οleae caught on yellow and white pheromone traps in periods of high pheromone effectiveness, which coincide with periods of high insect reproductive activity. During periods of reduced pheromone effectiveness, due either to low temperatures at the time of pheromone activity (dusk) or reduced insect reproductive activity, traps of yellow hues tend to capture more insects than traps of white color. The height at which pheromone traps are located inside the tree canopy has no effect on catches of D. οleae.

scholarly journals Flight initiation and flight activity in Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scholz ◽  
C. Borgemeister ◽  
R. H. Markham ◽  
H. M. Poehling
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Maize Cobs ◽  
Flight Initiation

AbstractIn an outdoor experimental set-up, the number of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) flying from maize cobs was recorded over 38 observation weeks. Flight activity in the field was recorded for 50 weeks with three pheromone traps, each placed at c. 100–300 m from the first experimental set-up. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both flight initiation and flight activity were partly influenced by mean temperatures, but were not directly related. Flight initiation was mainly dependent on population density. An additional experiment showed that sex ratios among pheromone trap catches were not correlated with the number of beetles caught; sex ratios were female-biased throughout the year. Seasonal fluctuations in flight activity recorded with pheromone traps are mainly dependent on changes in the number and sizes of beetle populations in a given area, as well as on breeding site availability and suitability.

Monitoring European pine sawfly population densities with pheromone traps in young pine plantations

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa ◽  
Olle Anderbrant ◽  
Jan Löfqvist ◽  
Erik Hedenström ◽  
Hans-Erik Högberg
Keyword(s):  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
European Pine Sawfly

scholarly journals Commercial Spray Trial with Bas 300 111 on Texas Citrus, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
J. Victor French ◽  
Santiago Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Fruit Surface

Abstract Experimental BAS 300 1II was compared to the standard acaricides, Agri-Mek + NR 440 oil and Vendex, for efficacy against CRM. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times on plots of 4 trees each in an 8 yr old grapefruit orchard on a spacing of 15 × 24 ft. Treatment sprays were applied on 9 May using an FMC 1229 single volute commercial air blast sprayer operating at 1 mph, with nozzling and pressure calibrated to apply 250 gpa. At each count date, 50 fruit per replicate were randomly selected at arms length inside the tree canopy and examined for CRM in situ with a 10X handlens. All live CRM (except eggs) were counted in two, 1-cm2 lens fields on each fruit. The two counts per fruit were averaged and recorded as one observation. At harvest, 50 randomly sampled fruit from each replicate were evaluated for CRM damage. If & one third of the fruit surface area had CRM damage it was downgraded to process or juice fruit. The percent of downgraded fruit for each treatment was determined and expressed as percent russet.

scholarly journals Photoconductivity of activated carbon fibers

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kuriyama ◽  
M.S. Dresselhaus
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Localized States ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Disordered Carbon ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The conductivity and photoconductivity are measured on a high-surface-area disordered carbon material, i.e., activated carbon fibers, to investigate their electronic properties. This material is a highly disordered carbon derived from a phenolic precursor, having a huge specific surface area of 1000–2000 m2/g. Our preliminary thermopower measurements show that the dominant carriers are holes at room temperature. The x-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the microstructure is amorphous-like with Lc ≃ 10 Å. The intrinsic electrical conductivity, on the order of 20 S/cm at room temperature, increases by a factor of several with increasing temperature in the range 30–290 K. In contrast, the photoconductivity in vacuum decreases with increasing temperature. The magnitude of the photoconductive signal was reduced by a factor of ten when the sample was exposed to air. The recombination kinetics changes from a monomolecular process at room temperature to a bimolecular process at low temperatures, indicative of an increase in the photocarrier density at low temperatures. The high density of localized states, which limits the motion of carriers and results in a slow recombination process, is responsible for the observed photoconductivity.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Distribution and Population Structure ofMonokalliapseudes schubarti(Tanaidacea: Kalliapseudidae) in an Estuary in Southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Freitas-Júnior ◽  
Martin Lindsey Christoffersen ◽  
Joafrâncio Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Joaquim Olinto Branco
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Anthropic Impact ◽  
Swimming Crabs

Monokalliapseudes schubartiis an endemic tanaidacean microcrustacean from southeastern Brazil to Uruguay inhabiting low energy estuaries. Saco da Fazenda is located in the estuary of the Itajaí-Açú River, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. It is exposed to strong anthropic impact and receives intensive flows of domestic wastewater, solid residues, and drainage activities. Specimens ofM. schubartiwere collected monthly, in the intertidal and subtidal regions of Saco da Fazenda, in four stations defined as a function of the physiography of the environment during the period of July 2003 to June 2004. Fecundity values were high, with continuous reproductive activity during the whole period of study. The greatest population densities were observed in the intertidal region, where they are nevertheless intensely consumed by birds, swimming crabs, and fish. This species represents a fundamental link in the food chain of Saco da Fazenda, transferring energy from the detritus level to higher trophic levels. Habitat disturbance and high organic matter may represent factors controlling the distribution of populations ofM. schubarti. For this reason, the species may be used to monitor anthropic effects in estuarine areas.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Polarized Moonlight and the Number of Pest Microlepidoptera Specimens Caught in Pheromone Traps

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Nowinszky ◽  
János Puskás ◽  
Gábor Barczikay
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Anarsia Lineatella ◽  
Eupoecilia Ambiguella ◽  
Phyllonorycter Blancardella ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractPheromone traps were deployed in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County (Hungary) between 1982 and 1988, in 1990 and also between 1993 and 2013. These traps attracted 8 Microlepidoptera species:Phyllonorycter blancardella, P. corylifoliella,Anarsia lineatella,Eupoecilia ambiguella,Lobesia botrana,Grapholita funebrana,G. molestaandCydia pomonella. We examined the trapping data of these species in the context of lunar phases and polarized moonlight. Catches of the European Vine Moth (Lobesia botrana) and the Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella) were higher in the First Quarter, whereas catches of Peach Twig Borer (Anarsia lineatella), Vine Moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella), Plum Fruit Moth (Grapholita funebrana) and Oriental Fruit Moth (Grapholita molesta) were larger in the Last Quarter. Catches of the other two species, the Spotted Tentiform Leafminer (Phyllonorycter blancardella) and Hawthorn Red Midget Moth (P. corylifoliella), were higher in both the First and Last Quarters. When using pheromone traps, insects do not fly to a light source, so moonlight does not modify either the catching distance or flight activity. However, at high levels of polarized moonlight, pheromone trap catches will increase, as in the case of light-trap catches. The results are comprehensible when one considers that the target species can fly both during the daytime and also at night.

scholarly journals Selectivity of the oriental fruit moth sex pheromone trap in peach and apricot orchards

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hári ◽  
B. Pénzes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Male Genital

One of the most important pests of the stone fruit orchards is the oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha 1110/esta B.). Chemical control targeted against the young larvae is the most effective way of protection. so the ti ming of treatments has to be based on the observation of emergence. Emergence may be monitored with sex pheromone traps. It is already known from former publications, that the traps for oriental fruit moth are also effective in the case of the plum moth (Grapholitha f1111ebra11a Tr.), which external morphology is very similar to the oriental fruit moth. As the emergence of the oriental fruit moth in peach and apricot orchards has not been observed in detaib in Hungary, we started a s1Udy in this field. Our aim was to measure the selectivity of the sex pheromone traps. On the basis of examining more than 5000 males caught and the investigation of male genital ia. it could be established that the pheromone traps. Csalomon and Deltastop, for oriental fruit moth, caught the plum moth in the same ratio. The ratio of the oriental fruit moth and the plum moth trapped in the peach orchards was I: I . while in the apricot orchards the number of the caught plum moth males was seven times as many as that of the oriental fruit moths. Consequently, it can be established that data based on oriental fruit moth trap catches can not be used without additional investigations of genitalia for the prediction of larval hatch. The selectivity of the plum moth trap. used as a control. was acceptable in both orchards.

The effects of temperature and other factors upon the establishment and survival ofPomphorhynchus laevis(Acanthocephala) in goldfish,Carassius auratus

Parasitology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Fish Parasite ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Goldfish were experimentally infected with different population densities of the acanthocephalanPomphorhynchus laevis, and maintained at different temperatures. The density of infection had no effect upon the establishment of the parasite, but a 12°C rise in water temperature reduced the recovery after one week by 30%. Thereafter there was a continuous loss of parasites during the course of infection. The rate of this loss was independent of worm burden and temperature, but increased under conditions of host starvation. Both male and female parasites attached themselves in the same region of the alimentary tract, with a mean position about 19% along its length. They remained in that region throughout the course of infection, and the population did not migrate down the intestine with increasing age. In starved fish, the region of attachment was nearer the oesophagus, at low temperatures nearer the rectum, and when crowded the occupied region extended anteriorly. Male worms were unable to establish as easily as females, but once established survived better, and the sex ratio after two weeks was in favour of males. The results are compared with the results of studies on other acanthocephalans and on fish-cestode systems. It is recognized that although the establishment of fish acanthocephala is affected by temperature to a lesser extent than that of some fish cestodes, temperature in conjunction with changes in fish diet is a major control upon the flow of parasites through acanthocephalan-fish parasite systems. The significance of the results to the interpretation of data based on field observations is discussed.

Aspects of the feasibility of employing odour-baited traps for controlling tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hargrove ◽  
G. A. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractCatches of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. and G. pallidipes Aust. attracted to an odour-baited trap in riverine woodland in Rhodesia declined by about three-quarters over a 50-day period in the hot dry season. Concurrent catches from refuges suggested that the decline in trap catches was due to a reduction in population densities rather than a decreasing responsiveness of tsetse to the trap. Of G. pallidipes marked and released 250, 1250 and 2250 m from the trap, the percentages recaptured in the trap after 5 days were about 20, 10 and 4, respectively, and after 40 days about 28, 15 and 13. The sustained responsiveness to the trap and efficiency with which marked flies were removed suggested that odour-baited traps at an economical spacing of roughly one per 10 km2 could produce effective control of G. pallidipes.

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