Επιδημιολογική μελέτη διατροφικών διαταραχών σε παιδιά και εφήβους

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευσταθία Τσεκούρα
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Εισαγωγή: Οι Διατροφικές Διαταραχές και η Παχυσαρκία αποτελούν σοβαρές, πολυδιάστατες νόσους με αυξημένο επιπολασμό σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο. Η εμφάνισή τους ξεκινά σε μεγάλο βαθμό στις ευαίσθητες περιόδους της παιδικής και εφηβικής ηλικίας. Η αναγνώριση των παραγόντων κινδύνου που συνδέονται με την εκδήλωση μη ισορροπημένων διατροφικών συμπεριφορών στα παιδιά και στους εφήβους συμβάλλει καθοριστικά στην υλοποίηση στοχευμένων και αποτελεσματικών παρεμβάσεων πρόληψης και αντιμετώπισης. Σκοπός: Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η ανίχνευση των Διατροφικών Διαταραχών και η καταγραφή του επιπολασμού της παιδικής παχυσαρκίας σε μαθητές Πρωτοβάθμιας (Ε΄ και Στ΄ Δημοτικού) και Δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης (Α΄, Β΄ και Γ΄ Γυμνασίου) καθώς και η διερεύνηση των συσχετίσεων μεταξύ συμπεριφοράς διατροφής, φυσικής δραστηριότητας και ανθρωπομετρικών παραμέτρων.Υλικό - Μέθοδος: Η παρούσα συγχρονική μη παρεμβατική μελέτη διεξήχθη αφού εξασφαλίστηκε η συμμετοχή ενός αντιπροσωπευτικού δείγματος μαθητών από σχολεία της Δυτικής Ελλάδας (Ν. Αχαΐας, Ν. Ηλείας, Ν. Αιτωλοακαρνανίας). Οι διατροφικές συνήθειες των μαθητών διερευνήθηκαν μέσω ερωτήσεων πολλαπλής επιλογής και ο κίνδυνος για την ανάπτυξη διατροφικών διαταραχών αξιολογήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας το έγκυρο σταθμισμένο ερωτηματολόγιο Eating-Attitude Scale (EAT-13). Στο ερωτηματολόγιο συμπεριλήφθηκαν επίσης δημογραφικά στοιχεία, κοινωνικοοικονομικά χαρακτηριστικά καθώς και χαρακτηριστικά του τρόπου ζωής. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν επίσης ανθρωπομετρικές μετρήσεις. Ο επιπολασμός των υπέρβαρων και των παχύσαρκων παιδιών υπολογίστηκε με τη χρήση των κριτηρίων του Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) και International Obesity Task force (IOTF), ενώ η κεντρική παχυσαρκία εκτιμήθηκε με τη χρήση των κριτηρίων WHtR≥0.5 και IDF.Αποτελέσματα: Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 3504 παιδιά, με μέσο όρο ηλικίας τα 12.8 έτη. Από το σύνολο των συμμετεχόντων παιδιών, τα αγόρια ήταν ελάχιστα περισσότερα, αντιπροσωπεύοντας το 50.2% του δείγματος. Τα ποσοστά υπέρβαρων και παχύσαρκων παιδιών ήταν 19.2% και 12.1% αντίστοιχα με τα κριτήρια του CDC, ενώ τα αντίστοιχα ποσοστά με τα κριτήρια της IOTF ήταν 20.9% και 7.2%. Τα ποσοστά κεντρικής παχυσαρκίας ήταν 31.1% και 32.8% σύμφωνα με τα κριτήρια WHtR≥0.5 και IDF αντίστοιχα. Κοιλιακή παχυσαρκία εντοπίστηκε στο 62.5% των υπέρβαρων παιδιών, στο 88% των παχύσαρκων παιδιών και στο 14% των παιδιών φυσιολογικού βάρους. Τα αντίστοιχα ποσοστά με τα κριτήρια της IDF ήταν 80.3%, 99.6% και 12.5% αντίστοιχα. Τα παιδιά που συμμετείχαν στην παρούσα έρευνα παρουσιάζουν ορισμένες θεμελιώδεις υγιεινές διατροφικές συνήθειες, όπως είναι η λήψη πρωινού γεύματος (76.9%) και η αποφυγή του γρήγορου φαγητού (3%), αλλά καταναλώνουν σε υψηλή συχνότητα σνακ και γλυκίσματα (42.8% καθημερινά ή σχεδόν καθημερινά). Η καθημερινή ζωή των μαθητών περιλαμβάνει αξιοπρόσεκτο αριθμό ωρών καθιστικών δραστηριοτήτων (μ.ό. 4.4 ώρες μπροστά σε οθόνη) και πολύ περιορισμένο αριθμό ωρών αθλητικής ενασχόλησης (μόλις 9.9% αθλούνται καθημερινά). Οι μαθητές της έρευνας είχαν χαμηλό κίνδυνο εμφάνισης διατροφικών διαταραχών (μ.ό. score κλίμακας ΕΑΤ-13 8.3), αλλά ο εν λόγω κίνδυνος εντοπίστηκε σχεδόν στο ένα τέταρτο των μαθητών (26.9%). Ισχυρή συσχέτιση εντοπίστηκε μεταξύ της συνολικής βαθμολογίας της Κλίμακας Διατροφικών Στάσεων και των υποκατηγοριών της με τον ΔΜΣ και, συνεπώς, τον κίνδυνο εμφάνισης παχυσαρκίας. Με άλλα λόγια, τα παιδιά με υψηλότερο ΔΜΣ (υπέρβαρα ή παχύσαρκα) εμφάνισαν υψηλότερο κίνδυνο εκδήλωσης διατροφικών διαταραχών. Οι παράγοντες που συνδέθηκαν με τον υψηλότερο ΔΜΣ ήταν το άρρεν φύλο, η μη ύπαρξη άλλων παιδιών στην οικογένεια, ο μικρότερος αριθμός γευμάτων, η μη λήψη πρωινού, η κατανάλωση σνακ από το κυλικείο και η κατανάλωση γλυκισμάτων. Ένα ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέρον εύρημα της έρευνας ήταν ότι οι παχύσαρκοι και υπέρβαροι μαθητές έτειναν να υποτιμούν το βάρος τους, ενώ οι λιποβαρείς μαθητές έτειναν να το υπερεκτιμούν.Συμπεράσματα: Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας επιδημιολογικής έρευνας αναδεικνύουν τον υπαρκτό κίνδυνο εμφάνισης διατροφικών διαταραχών και παχυσαρκίας σε παιδιά και εφήβους, θέτοντας ως προτεραιότητα την πρόληψη στο οικογενειακό, κοινωνικό και σχολικό περιβάλλον τους.

scholarly journals Comparação de três critérios de classificação de sobrepeso e obesidade entre pré-escolares

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Baptista Bueno ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

INTRODUÇÃO: Não há consenso sobre o critério diagnóstico para sobrepeso e obesidade infantil. Os mais utilizados são os recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) e pelo International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), diferenciando-se no índice (IMC ou escore-Z), população (americana ou agregando outras) e/ou concepção. OBJETIVOS: comparar os 3 critérios de classificação do estado nutricional em uma amostra representativa de pré-escolares matriculados em creches públicas de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: 21 creches públicas do município de São Paulo e 676 crianças de 2 a 7 anos foram sorteadas aleatoriamente por um processo de amostragem por conglomerados em duas etapas. Cada criança foi classificada segundo os 3 critérios e a concordância entre os indicadores foi avaliada pela estatística de Kappa. A prevalência de sobrepeso, classificada pelos critérios da OMS, CDC e IOTF, foi de 18,6%, 13,2% e 12,2%, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se oscilação na diferença dos valores de prevalência de sobrepeso entre 2,7 a 12,4 e obesidade entre 3,7 a 5,4 pontos percentuais. Destacou-se o índice proposto pelo CDC quando comparado ao IOTF, principalmente entre obesos do sexo masculino, sendo o CDC até 2,6 maior. A concordância foi baixa (k < 0,40) somente entre sobrepesos do sexo masculino classificados segundo o CDC e IOTF. CONCLUSÃO: a comparação entre os estudos que utilizam diferentes critérios de classificação do estado nutricional deve ser realizada cautelosamente.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la prevalencia estimada de sobrepeso y obesidad, en poblaciones de niños y adolescentes de la región chaqueña, con dos referencias internacionales

2010 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gisel Padula ◽  
Susana A. Salceda
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Las Mujeres

<p>La evaluación de la situación nutricional de los niños, depende en gran medida de las curvas de crecimiento utilizadas. El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad estimadas con dos referencias internacionales en una población de niños y adolescentes de la Región Chaqueña, a través del Índice de Masa Corporal. Se incluyeron 299 niños de 6 a 15 años (estudio transversal) pertenecientes a 7 poblaciones (2 criollas, 3 matacas, 1 mocovi y 1 toba). Las técnicas de medición se basaron en guías nacionales. Las referencias utilizadas fueron: 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (&gt;Pc85: sobrepeso; &gt; Pc95: obesidad); 2. International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) (valores límite sexo edad específicos). La prevalencia total de sobrepeso, considerando el conjunto de poblaciones, es mayor al aplicar la referencia del CDC en las mujeres, mientras que es levemente superior con IOTF en los varones. Por su parte, la prevalencia total de obesidad, considerando el conjunto de poblaciones, es igual con ambas referencias, en ambos sexos. La mayor parte de las unidades poblacionales evaluadas presentan sobrepeso, aunque la obesidad no parece ser, aún, un problema de salud. Las poblaciones más afectadas son las de Pozo de Maza, la de Criollos de Fortín Belgrano y la de Tobas de Vaca Perdida.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of underweight in children and adolescents (aged 3–18 years) from Kraków (Poland) in 1983 and 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2210-2219
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kowal ◽  
Renata Woz´niacka ◽  
Aneta Bac ◽  
Ryszard Z˙aro´w
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

AbstractObjective:To estimate the changes in the prevalence of underweight among girls and boys living in Kraków that occurred between 1983 and 2010.Design:The study was based on two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1983 and 2010. The prevalence of underweight was estimated based on the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cut-off points.Setting:The study was conducted in Kraków, Poland.Participants:Children aged 3–18 years (n 5245).Results:Between 1983 and 2010 the prevalence of underweight decreased in both sexes. Using the IOTF criteria, the prevalence of underweight decreased from 10·5 to 10·3 % in girls and from 8·9 to 7·5 % in boys, but it was still higher in girls than in boys. According to the CDC criteria, this prevalence decreased from 5·1 to 4·4 % and from 5·9 to 4·6 %, respectively, and was slightly lower in girls. According to the IOTF criteria, underweight prevalence increased slightly during childhood in both sexes while according to the CDC criteria it decreased in boys and did not change in girls. Among juveniles and adolescents, it decreased regardless of the method used.Conclusions:The frequency of underweight in the population of children and adolescents from Kraków changed slightly in 1983 and 2010 despite economic and social changes. Depending on the cut-off points used, not only the magnitude but also the direction of changes between series could be different. In order to aid global monitoring, the prevalence of underweight as well as overweight should always be evaluated by several methods.

scholarly journals Concordância entre pontos de corte do IMC de crianças, 8 e 9 anos, residentes em Petrolina/PE, Brasil

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Marcelo De Maio Nascimento ◽  
Lia Moraes Nunes ◽  
Alexandre Makoto Minoda
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Task Force ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Health Organization

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional de um grupo de escolares da cidade de Petrolina/PE, região do Sertão nordestino, segundo três diferentes critérios, WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 1998), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KUCZMARSKI et al., 2002) e International Obesity Task Force (COLE et al., 2000), para estabelecer pontos de corte ideais à determinação do estado nutricional na região.MÉTODOS: Estudo correlativo com corte transversal de base escolar, a amostra utilizada foi não probabilística e intencional. Participaram 50 escolares, de ambos os sexos (8,80±0,40 anos), alunos do Ensino Fundamental I, residentes em Petrolina/PE, integrantes das atividades do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) – Biomecânica. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada mediante o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC). A comparação dos melhores pontos de corte para o estabelecimento do estado nutricional foi realizada pelos critérios da OMS, do CDC e do IOTF. A concordância entre os indicadores foi avaliada pela estatística de Kappa (k).RESULTADOS: O sobrepeso só foi encontrado junto aos meninos. Obteve-se uma excelente concordância entre os critérios da OMS e do CDC (k=0,882; p<0,001) e valores de concordância regulares entre o IOTF e a OMS (k=0,012; p=0,041) e o IOTF e o CDC (k=0,019; p=0,048).CONCLUSÕES: Os critérios da OMS e do CDC demonstraram ser os mais aptos à avaliação do estado nutricional da população testada, sendo eles análogos aos encontrados em estudos realizados em outras regiões do Brasil.

scholarly journals Diagnostic comparison of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and International Obesity Task Force criteria for obesity classification in South African children

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet Kankane Moselakgomo ◽  
Marlise Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
African Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
South African Children

Background: This study was designed to estimate overweight and obesity in school children by using contrasting definitions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF).Method: The sample size consisted of 1361 learners (n = 678 boys; n = 683 girls) aged 9–13 years who were randomly selected from Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used to measure the children’s anthropometric characteristics. Based on height and weight measurements, the children’s body mass index (BMI) was calculated and used to classify them as underweight, overweight and obese. Percentage body fat was calculated from the sum of two skinfolds (i.e. triceps and subscapular). Age-specific BMI, percentage body fat and sum of skinfolds were examined for the boys and girls.Results: A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was found in boys and girls when the CDC BMI categories were used. In contrast, the IOTF BMI classifications indicated a strong prevalence of underweight among the children.Conclusion: In contrast to the IOTF index that yielded a greater occurrence of underweight among South African children, the CDC criteria indicated a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight among the same children. Future large-scale surveillance studies are needed to determine the appropriateness of different definitions in order to establish a more reliable indicator for estimating overweight and obesity in South African children.

The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Middle and High School–Age Children: Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Katy O'Brien ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter ◽  
Tracey Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Purpose The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines for rehabilitation professionals regarding the care of children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Given that mTBI impacts millions of children each year and can be particularly detrimental to children in middle and high school age groups, access to universal recommendations for management of postinjury symptoms is ideal. Method This viewpoint article examines the CDC guidelines and applies these recommendations directly to speech-language pathology practices. In particular, education, assessment, treatment, team management, and ongoing monitoring are discussed. In addition, suggested timelines regarding implementation of services by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are provided. Specific focus is placed on adolescents (i.e., middle and high school–age children). Results SLPs are critical members of the rehabilitation team working with children with mTBI and should be involved in education, symptom monitoring, and assessment early in the recovery process. SLPs can also provide unique insight into the cognitive and linguistic challenges of these students and can serve to bridge the gap among rehabilitation and school-based professionals, the adolescent with brain injury, and their parents. Conclusion The guidelines provided by the CDC, along with evidence from the field of speech pathology, can guide SLPs to advocate for involvement in the care of adolescents with mTBI. More research is needed to enhance the evidence base for direct assessment and treatment with this population; however, SLPs can use their extensive knowledge and experience working with individuals with traumatic brain injury as a starting point for post-mTBI care.

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