scholarly journals Η αποτελεσματικότητα ενός εξατομικευμένου προγράμματος διατροφής και άσκησης στην πρόληψη και αντιμετώπιση της υπερβαρότητας και παχυσαρκίας κατά την παιδική και εφηβική ηλικία

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σοφία-Μαρία Γενιτσαρίδη
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
International Obesity Task Force

Εισαγωγή: Η παχυσαρκία αποτελεί ένα από τα πιο σημαντικά προβλήματα δημόσιας υγείας παγκοσμίως. Τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, μάλιστα, έχει λάβει επιδημικές διαστάσεις, καθώς η επίπτωσή της έχει διπλασιαστεί από το 1980 έως σήμερα. Συγκεκριμένα, η επίπτωση της παχυσαρκίας στον παγκόσμιο πληθυσμό φτάνει το 13%, ενώ της υπερβαρότητας το 39%. Όσον αφορά στα παιδιά, 41 εκατομμύρια παιδιά ηλικίας μικρότερης των 5 ετών είναι υπέρβαρα ή παχύσαρκα, ενώ 340 εκατομμύρια παιδιά και έφηβοι ηλικίας 5-19 ετών είναι υπέρβαροι ή παχύσαρκοι. Στην Ελλάδα το ποσοστό της παιδικής και εφηβικής υπερβαρότητας και παχυσαρκίας υπερβαίνει πλέον το 30-35%, και είναι υψηλότερο από τα αντίστοιχα ποσοστά που παρατηρούνται τόσο στην υπόλοιπη Ευρώπη όσο και στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής. Επομένως, η πρόληψη και αντιμετώπιση του αυξημένου βάρους σώματος αποτελούν επιτακτική ανάγκη. Σκοπός: Η αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας ενός εξατομικευμένου προγράμματος διατροφής και σωματικής δραστηριότητας στην αντιμετώπιση της υπερβαρότητας και παχυσαρκίας κατά την παιδική και εφηβική ηλικία. Ασθενείς και Μέθοδοι: Μελετήσαμε 2.214 παιδιά και εφήβους ηλικίας 2-18 ετών [1.016 αγόρια και 1.198 κορίτσια, με μέση ηλικία (± τυπική απόκλιση): 10,17 ± 2,98 έτη]. Κατά την αρχική εκτίμηση, αξιολογήθηκαν το ατομικό και οικογενειακό ιστορικό, και τα ανθρωπομετρικά δεδομένα (ύψος, βάρος, ΔΜΣ, λόγος περιμέτρου μέσης/ισχίων). Οι συμμετέχοντες στη μελέτη κατηγοριοποιήθηκαν ως παχύσαρκοι (n=1.230, 55,6%), υπέρβαροι (n=640, 28,9%) ή φυσιολογικού βάρους σώματος (n=344, 15,5%) σύμφωνα με τις καμπύλες σωματικών ανθρωπομετρικών δεδομένων του IOTF (International Obesity Task Force). Πραγματοποιήθηκε κλινική εξέταση και πλήρης αιματολογικός, βιοχημικός και ενδοκρινολογικός έλεγχος. Στη συνέχεια, τα παιδιά και οι έφηβοι εντάχθηκαν σε ένα εξατομικευμένο πρόγραμμα διατροφής και άσκησης. Μια υποομάδα των 1.000 συμμετεχόντων αξιολογήθηκε προοδευτικά στη διάρκεια ενός έτους. Η κλινική παρακολούθηση και αξιολόγηση της συμμόρφωσης των παιδιών και εφήβων ήταν τακτική: οι παχύσαρκοι ασθενείς παρακολουθούνταν ανά μήνα, οι υπέρβαροι ανά δύο μήνες και αυτοί που είχαν φυσιολογικό ΔΜΣ ανά τρεις μήνες. Ένα έτος μετά, επαναλήφθηκε ο πλήρης εργαστηριακός έλεγχος προς αξιολόγηση των αιματολογικών, βιοχημικών και ενδοκρινολογικών παραμέτρων. Η μελέτη έλαβε έγκριση από την Επιτροπή Ηθικής και Δεοντολογίας του Γ.Ν. Παίδων ‘η Αγία Σοφία’ και έγγραφη συγκατάθεση λήφθηκε από όλους τους γονείς. Αποτελέσματα: Κατά την αρχική αξιολόγηση των των 1.000 συμμετεχόντων, 55.8% των παιδιών και εφήβων ήταν παχύσαρκοι, 29.5% ήταν υπέρβαροι και 12.7% είχαν φυσιολογικό ΔΜΣ. Οι καρδιομεταβολικοί δείκτες ήταν υψηλότεροι στους παχύσαρκους συμμετέχοντες συγκριτικά με τους υπέρβαρους και φυσιολογικού βάρους σώματος. Ένα έτος μετά την εφαρμογή των παραμβάσεων, το ποσοστό παχυσαρκίας ελαττώθηκε κατά 16.8% ενώ το ποσοστό φυσιολογικού βάρους σώματος αυξήθηκε κατά 8.2%. Οι καρδιομεταβολικοί δείκτες βελτιώθηκαν σημαντικά. Συμπεράσματα: Ένα εξατομικευμένο πρόγραμμα διατροφής και σωματικής δραστηριότητας έχει ιδιαίτερα σημαντικά αποτελέσματα ως προς την αποτελεσματική αντιμετώπιση της παχυσαρκίας κατά την παιδική και εφηβική ηλικία.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity of children in a brazilian elementary school: a comparison of three references

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Marcella Evangelista Melo ◽  
Giovanna Lima Miguéis ◽  
Mikaela Silva Almeida ◽  
Tatiane Dalamaria ◽  
Wagner De Jesus Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: In the diagnosis of overweight and obesity based on body mass index in children and adolescents, several national and international anthropometric references are recommended. However, there is a divergence in the estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity among the references. Objective: To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to analyse the magnitude of agreement among the three references. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 975 students from the early grades of elementary school. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and Conde and Monteiro. The Kappa weighted index was calculated to assess the agreement magnitude among the three references. Results: The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated by the Conde and Monteiro and WHO references, respectively. Overall, the IOTF revealed lower a magnitude of prevalence than the two other references. The agreement among the references identified by the Kappa index had a range of 0.66 to 0.94. Conclusion: Despite the satisfactory agreement among the three references, this research highlighted the differing magnitudes of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. This fact limits the ability to make comparisons among populations and impairs the development of overweight and obesity prevention actions.

scholarly journals Prevalência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso e à obesidade em adolescentes, estudantes de escolas de Ensino Médio de Pernambuco, Brasil

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2639-2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Miranda Tassitano ◽  
Mauro Virgilio Gomes de Barros ◽  
Maria Cecilia Marinho Tenório ◽  
Jorge Bezerra ◽  
Pedro C. Hallal
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
School Based

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre fatores demográficos, sócio-econômicos, escolares e comportamentais e a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes. A amostra foi constituída por 4.210 estudantes (14-19 anos) da rede pública estadual em Pernambuco, Brasil, selecionados mediante amostragem por conglomerados em dois estágios. Além das medidas antropométricas, dados pessoais e comportamentais foram coletadas usando o Global School-Based Health Survey. Pontos de corte utilizados para classificação dos casos de sobrepeso e obesidade foram os propostos pelo International Obesity Task Force. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi 11,5% (IC95%: 10,7-12,8) e 2,4% (IC95%: 1,9-2,9), respectivamente. Verificou-se maior risco de sobrepeso e obesidade entre rapazes que residiam em áreas urbanas e que não participavam das aulas de educação física. Entre as moças, assistir à televisão três horas ou mais foi fator associado à ocorrência de obesidade. Redução do tempo de televisão e participação nas aulas de educação física podem ser ações efetivas no enfrentamento da epidemia da obesidade.

scholarly journals Estado nutricional e fatores associados em escolares domiciliados na área rural e urbana

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Pelegrini ◽  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva ◽  
Edio Luiz Petroski ◽  
Maria Fátima Glaner
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
International Obesity Task Force

Objetivo Verificar o estado nutricional de escolares domiciliados nas áreas urbana e rural da Região Sul do Brasil e analisar sua associação com fatores demográficos e nível de atividade física. Métodos Participaram do estudo 1.415 escolares (720 rapazes e 695 moças), sendo 878 da área urbana e 537 da área rural. Foram pesquisadas informações demográficas (sexo, idade, área de domicílio), antropométricas (massa corporal, estatura) e do nível de atividade física. O estado nutricional - desnutrição e excesso de peso - foi determinado pelo índice de massa corporal a partir dos critérios propostos pela International Obesity Task Force. O nível de atividade física foi classificado em duas categorias: mais ativo ou menos ativo. Resultados A prevalência de desnutrição foi de 11,4% (IC95%=9,85-13,16) e excesso de peso de 11,2% (IC95%=9,66-12,95). A prevalência de excesso de peso foi superior nos escolares domiciliados na área urbana (14,0%; IC95%=12,29-15,91) em relação aos da área rural (6,7%; IC95%=5,51-8,12). Foi verificado, nos rapazes, que os menos ativos fisicamente (OR=1,74; IC95%=1,03-2,94) apresentaram chance maior de ter desnutrição. Além disso, os adolescentes da área urbana (OR=3,40; IC95%=1,88-6,17) e os menos ativos fisicamente (OR=1,88; IC95%=1,07-3,33) apresentaram maiores chances de excesso de peso. As moças de 10 a 13 anos apresentaram maior chance de desnutrição (OR=1,95; IC95%=1,17-3,24) e aquelas residentes na área urbana (OR=1,75; IC95%=1,03-2,99), mais chance de excesso de peso. Conclusão A prevalência de desnutrição encontrada ainda é elevada em escolares. O excesso de peso assemelha-se ao que tem sido observado nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Rapazes com baixo nível de atividade física e moças de 10 a 13 anos apresentam maior exposição à desnutrição. Moças e rapazes domiciliados na área urbana e rapazes com baixo nível de atividade física apresentam maior exposição aos riscos decorrentes do excesso de peso corporal.

scholarly journals TESTE DE CAMINHADA DE SEIS MINUTOS: DESEMPENHO DE CRIANÇAS COM EXCESSO DE PESO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Fabíola Unbehaun Cibinello ◽  
Carolina Cotrim Dal Pozzo ◽  
Laís de Moura ◽  
Gissely Martins Santos ◽  
Dirce Shizuko Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
International Obesity Task Force

RESUMO Introdução: O teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6') tem sido utilizado para avaliar a capacidade funcional do exercício em crianças. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho no teste de caminhada de seis minutos em escolares na faixa etária entre 8 a 10 anos, conforme a classificação nutricional, com base em dois diferentes critérios. Métodos: A amostra de 226 crianças entre 8 a 10 anos foi dividida em três grupos (eutrófico, sobrepeso e obeso), de acordo com os critérios de classificação nutricional propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e pela International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) e avaliada por meio do teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Resultados: A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na amostra foi de 42,48% de acordo com o critério da OMS e 38,94% pelo critério da IOTF. Não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos eutrófico, sobrepeso e obeso, quando os resultados do TC6' foram comparados, tanto na distância percorrida quanto no percentual do predito para a criança, de acordo com os valores de referência, e também de acordo com os dois critérios de classificação nutricional. A frequência cardíaca final do teste foi estatisticamente maior nos grupos sobrepeso e obeso, tanto pelo critério OMS (p = 0,0015), quanto pelo critério IOTF (p = 0,0160) . Conclusões: Na amostra estudada não houve diferença no desempenho do TC6' entre crianças eutróficas, com sobrepeso e obesas. Porém, a frequência cardíaca final do teste foi significantemente maior entre as crianças com excesso de peso. Os resultados ressaltam que medidas de prevenção, acompanhamento e tratamento são necessárias, promovendo hábitos saudáveis.

scholarly journals Drastic increases in overweight and obesity from 1981 to 2010 and related risk factors: results from the Barbados Children’s Health and Nutrition Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3070-3077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Anne Fernandez ◽  
Stan Kubow ◽  
Katherine Gray-Donald ◽  
JaDon Knight ◽  
Pamela S Gaskin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
School Students ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo examine overweight and obesity (OWOB), changes in prevalence and potential risk factors in Barbadian children.DesignA cross-section of students were weighed and measured. The WHO BMI-for-age growth references (BAZ), the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth percentiles were used to determine OWOB prevalence. Harvard weight-for-height-for-age growth standards were used to estimate differences in OWOB prevalence from 1981 to 2010. Samples of parents and students were interviewed to describe correlates of OWOB.SettingBarbados.SubjectsPublic-school students (n580) in class 3.ResultsBased on WHO BAZ, the overall prevalence of OWOB was 34·8 % (95 % CI 30·9, 38·7 %). A trend of higher OWOB prevalence was seen for girls across cut-offs, with significant sex differences noted using the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. According to Harvard growth standards, OWOB has increased dramatically, from 8·52 % to 32·5 %. Children were more likely to be OWOB when annual household income was below BBD 9000 (OR=2·69; 95 % CI 1·21, 5·99). Eating dinner with the family every night was associated with a lower prevalence of OWOB (OR=0·56; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·87).ConclusionsThe sharp increase of OWOB rates in Barbados warrants attention. Sex disparities in OWOB prevalence may emerge at a young age. Promoting family meals may be a feasible option for OWOB prevention. Understanding familial and sociodemographic factors influencing OWOB will be useful in planning successful intervention or prevention programmes in Barbados.

Overweight in Boys With ADHD Is Related to Candidate Genes and Not to Deficits in Cognitive Functions

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1158-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Hanć ◽  
Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz ◽  
Aneta Borkowska ◽  
Tomasz Wolańczyk ◽  
Natalia Pytlińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of overweight, the polymorphisms of selected candidate genes, and deficits in the executive functions among children with ADHD. Method: We examined 109 boys with ADHD aged between 7 and 17 years. The study indicated variants of 14 polymorphisms in eight candidate genes. We applied seven neuropsychological tests to evaluate the executive functions. Overweight was diagnosed on the basis of the guidelines of the International Obesity Task Force. Results: Analyses revealed significant association between DRD4 rs1800955, SNAP25 rs363039 and rs363043, 5HTR2A rs17288723, and overweight in boys with ADHD. There were no significant differences in the level of neuropsychological test results between patients with overweight and without overweight. Conclusion: Overweight in boys with ADHD is associated with polymorphisms in three candidate genes: DRD4, SNAP25, and 5HTR2A, but not through conditioning deficits in cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Aceleración y estabilización: disparidad en la tendencia de obesidad en escolares de la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina) entre 1990 y 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 028
Author(s):  
Alicia B. Orden ◽  
María C. Apezteguia ◽  
Marcos A. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
International Obesity Task Force

A pesar de los esfuerzos de diversos organismos para reducir la obesidad, sólo algunos países desarrollados muestran una desaceleración o estabilización de su prevalencia. Este trabajo presenta las tendencias en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y las prevalencias de sobrepeso (SP) y obesidad (OB) ocurridas en escolares entre 1990 y 2016, y su distribución socioeconómica. Se compararon tres encuestas transversales realizadas en 1990, 2005/07 y 2015/16 en escolares primarios de Santa Rosa (La Pampa, Argentina). Para estandarizar los valores de IMC y definir las categorías SP y OB se empleó la referencia International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). El tipo de escuela se empleó como medida de nivel socioeconómico (NSE). Para analizar la asociación entre las variables dependientes con año de encuesta, sexo y NSE se aplicaron modelos de regresión lineal (IMC) y logística (SP, OB). El cambio temporal en las prevalencias de SP y OB se evaluó mediante Chi- cuadrado de tendencia entre proporciones. IMC, SP y OB incrementaron significativamente en el periodo 1990-2016, resultando en un tercio de la población con exceso de peso. Entre 2005/07 y 2015/16 sólo hubo incrementos significativos en niños que asistían a escuelas públicas. Las tendencias fueron similares en varones y niñas. Se concluye que el estatus de peso en esta población escolar muestra un patrón de aumento no lineal pero continuo en los últimos 25 años, con una estabilización en los sectores de mayor NSE durante la última década.  

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