scholarly journals Η επίδραση της μαστίχας Xίου (Pistacia lentiscus var chia) σε πειραματικό μοντέλο αθηρωμάτωσης

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ασπασία Τζανή
Keyword(s):  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ppar Alpha ◽  
Nas Score

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ. Η Μαστίχα Χίου αποτελεί ένα πολύτιμο Ελληνικό φυσικό προϊόν ευρέως γνωστό για τις αντιοξειδωτικές αλλά και τις καρδιοπροστατευτικές του ιδιότητες. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση του πιθανού μοριακού μηχανισμού δράσης της σε ένα πειραματικό μοντέλο αθηροσκλήρωσης. ΥΛΙΚΟ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν συνολικά 30 ενήλικοι αρσενικοί WT μύες και 30 διαγονιδιακοίομόζυγοι PPARα μύες που κατανεμήθηκαν σε 3 ομάδες, αντίστοιχα: Ομάδα Ελέγχου(n=10) που έλαβε standard chow δίαιτα , Ομάδα Αθηροσκλήρωσης(n = 10) που έλαβεδιατροφή υψηλής περιεκτικότητας σε λιπαρά οξέα (45%) για 12 εβδομάδες και Ομάδα Μαστίχας Χίου (n=10 )που έλαβε διατροφή υψηλής περιεκτικότητας σε λιπαρά οξέα και Μαστίχα Χίου μέσω υδατικού διαλύματος σε δοσολογία 40 mg/kg/μέρα. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετρήσεις του σωματικού βάρους, των λιπιδίων,των αιμοδυναμικών παραμέτρων καθώς και προφλεγμονωδών κυτοκινών στον ορό του αίματος με την χρήση πρωτεομικής μεθόδου κατά την έναρξη του πειράματος και έπειτα από 4,8 και 12 εβδομάδες. Έπειτα από ευθανασία των μυών, πραγματοποιήθηκε ιστολογική μελέτη του ήπατος. ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ. Στο τέλος της μελέτης, η ομάδα των wild type μυών που έλαβε Μαστίχα Χίου παρουσίασε μειωμένα επίπεδα σωματικού βάρους (30 vs 34 g, p<0.01), γλυκόζης (177vs 233.1 mg/dl ,p<0.001), ολικής χοληστερόλης(129.2 vs 148.1 mg/dl ,p<0.001) καιLDL χοληστερόλης(58 vs 82.6, p<0.001) σε σύγκριση με την ομάδα της Αθηροσκλήρωσης. Η χορήγηση Μαστίχας Χίου οδήγησε σε μείωση (p<0.05) των επιπέδων των κυτοκινών CRP, IL1a, CXCL10, MCP2, WVF, CXCL2 στον ορό σε σχέση με την ομάδα Αθηροσκλήρωσης, καθώς και σε διατήρηση των επιπέδων ινσουλίνης και λεπτίνης καθ’ όλη την διάρκεια της μελέτης. Τέλος η ομάδα της Μαστίχας παρουσίασε βελτιωμένο σκορ ηπατικής στεάτωσης και φλεγμονής σε σχέση με την ομάδα Αθηροσκλήρωσης(NAS score 0.525 vs 0.975 , p<0.05). Ωστόσο καμία από τις παραπάνω διαφορές δεν παρατηρήθηκε στην ομάδα των διαγονιδιακών μυών που έλαβαν Μαστίχα σε σύγκριση με την ομάδα Αθηροσκλήρωσης των διαγονιδιακών μυών. Τόσο στην ομάδα των WT μυών, όσο και στην ομάδα των διαγονιδιακών μυών παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική βελτίωση των αιμοδυναμικών παραμέτρων, που διατηρήθηκε κατά την διάρκεια της μελέτης. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ. Τα αποτελέσματα της παραπάνω μελέτης ανέδειξαν την ισχυρή υπολιπιδαιμική, αντιφλεγμονώδη και ηπατοπροστατευτική δράση της Μαστίχας Χίου που πιθανώς μεσολαβείται μέσω της ενεργοποίησης των πυρηνικών υποδοχέων PPAR-alpha, αλλά και επιβεβαίωσαν πως η αντιυπερτασική της δράση πιθανώς είναι συνέργεια διαφορετικών μηχανισμών. Περισσότερες μελέτες για την αποσαφήνιση του ακριβούς μηχανισμού δράσης της καθίστανται αναγκαίες πριν την ασφαλή χορήγησής της σε ασθενείς με καρδιαγγειακή νόσο.

Molecular Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Wild-Type Mastic Tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimu Abuduli ◽  
Yıldız Aydin ◽  
Muhammet Sakiroglu ◽  
Ahmet Onay ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Molecular Evaluation

scholarly journals The Soy Isoflavones Genistein and Daidzein Produce Different Metabolic Effects in Wild‐Type and PPAR‐Alpha KO Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nakamura ◽  
Julie Frecka ◽  
Jennifer Ross‐Viola ◽  
Neil F Shay
Keyword(s):  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ppar Alpha

scholarly journals Gemfibrozil Induces Anemia, Leukopenia and Reduces Hematopoietic Stem Cells via PPAR-α in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5050
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rufino Estrela ◽  
Adriano Cleis Arruda ◽  
Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato ◽  
Leandro Ceotto Freitas-Lima ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Perilhão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ppar Alpha ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Receptor Alpha

Hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol, is a form of hyperlipidemia, which may be a consequence of diet, obesity or diabetes. In addition, increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Thus, controlling cholesterol levels is commonly necessary, and fibrates have been used as lipid-lowering drugs. Gemfibrozil is a fibrate that acts via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha to promote changes in lipid metabolism and decrease serum triglyceride levels. However, anemia and leukopenia are known side effects of gemfibrozil. Considering that gemfibrozil may lead to anemia and that gemfibrozil acts via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, we treated wild-type and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-knockout mice with gemfibrozil for four consecutive days. Gemfibrozil treatment led to anemia seven days after the first administration of the drug; we found reduced levels of hemoglobin, as well as red blood cells, white blood cells and a reduced percentage of hematocrits. PPAR-alpha-knockout mice were capable of reversing all of those reduced parameters induced by gemfibrozil treatment. Erythropoietin levels were increased in the serum of gemfibrozil-treated animals, and we also observed an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) and erythropoietin in renal tissue, while PPAR-alpha knockout mice treated with gemfibrozil did not present increased levels of serum erythropoietin or tissue HIF-2α and erythropoietin mRNA levels in the kidneys. We analyzed bone marrow and found that gemfibrozil reduced erythrocytes and hematopoietic stem cells in wild-type mice but not in PPAR-alpha-knockout mice, while increased colony-forming units were observed only in wild-type mice treated with gemfibrozil. Here, we show for the first time that gemfibrozil treatment leads to anemia and leukopenia via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in mice.

Ultrastructure of Melanin Formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera Sorokiniana

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
M. H. Wheeler ◽  
W. J. Tolmsoff ◽  
A. A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Melanin Formation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Electron Transmission Microscopy

(+)-Scytalone [3,4-dihydro-3,6,8-trihydroxy-l-(2Hj-naphthalenone] and 1,8-di- hydroxynaphthalene (DHN) have been proposed as intermediates of melanin synthesis in the fungi Verticillium dahliae (1, 2, 3, 4) and Thielaviopsis basicola (4, 5). Scytalone is enzymatically dehydrated by V. dahliae to 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene which is then reduced to (-)-vermelone [(-)-3,4- dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone]. Vermelone is subsequently dehydrated to DHN which is enzymatically polymerized to melanin.Melanin formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera soro- kiniana was examined by light and electron-transmission microscopy. Wild-type isolates of each fungus were compared with albino mutants before and after treatment with 1 mM scytalone or 0.1 mM DHN in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Both chemicals were converted to dark pigments in the walls of hyphae and conidia of the albino mutants. The darkened cells were similar in appearance to corresponding cells of the wild types under the light microscope.

Ultrastructure and Morphology of the Neurospora Crassa Cell Wall Mutants, Slime And Slime X, Using Tem and Sem

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Karen S. Howard ◽  
H. D. Braymer ◽  
M. D. Socolofsky ◽  
S. A. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
X Cells ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Isolated Cell

The recently isolated cell wall mutant slime X of Neurospora crassa was prepared for ultrastructural and morphological comparison with the cell wall mutant slime. The purpose of this article is to discuss the methods of preparation for TEM and SEM observations, as well as to make a preliminary comparison of the two mutants.TEM: Cells of the slime mutant were prepared for thin sectioning by the method of Bigger, et al. Slime X cells were prepared in the same manner with the following two exceptions: the cells were embedded in 3% agar prior to fixation and the buffered solutions contained 5% sucrose throughout the procedure.SEM: Two methods were used to prepare mutant and wild type Neurospora for the SEM. First, single colonies of mutant cells and small areas of wild type hyphae were cut from solid media and fixed with OSO4 vapors similar to the procedure used by Harris, et al. with one alteration. The cell-containing agar blocks were dehydrated by immersion in 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP).

Freeze-substituted fungal cells of Nectria haematococca: A comparison of the macroconidial walls of the adhesion-competent wild type with an adhesion-reduced mutant

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-689
Author(s):  
Thecan Caesar-Ton That ◽  
Lynn Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Tube Emergence ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Freeze Damage

Nectria haematococca mating population I (anamorph, Fusarium solani) macroconidia attach to its host (squash) and non-host surfaces prior to germ tube emergence. The macroconidia become adhesive after a brief period of protein synthesis. Recently, Hickman et al. (1989) isolated N. haematococca adhesion-reduced mutants. Using freeze substitution, we compared the development of the macroconidial wall in the wild type in comparison to one of the mutants, LEI.Macroconidia were harvested at 1C, washed by centrifugation, resuspended in a dilute zucchini fruit extract and incubated from 0 - 5 h. During the incubation period, wild type macroconidia attached to uncoated dialysis tubing. Mutant macroconidia did not attach and were collected on poly-L-lysine coated dialysis tubing just prior to freezing. Conidia on the tubing were frozen in liquid propane at 191 - 193C, substituted in acetone with 2% OsO4 and 0.05% uranyl acetate, washed with acetone, and flat-embedded in Epon-Araldite. Using phase contrast microscopy at 1000X, cells without freeze damage were selected, remounted, sectioned and post-stained sequentially with 1% Ba(MnO4)2 2% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. At least 30 cells/treatment were examined.

Identification of a baculovirus polyhedron formation mutant with a novel phenotype

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 796-797
Author(s):  
James M. Slavicek ◽  
Melissa J. Mercer ◽  
Mary Ellen Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Viral Gene ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Insect Midgut ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Budded Virus ◽  
Viral Form

Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV, family Baculoviridae) produce two morphological forms, a budded virus form and a viral form that is occluded into a paracrystalline protein matrix. This structure is termed a polyhedron and is composed primarily of the protein polyhedrin. Insects are infected by NPVs after ingestion of the polyhedron and release of the occluded virions through dissolution of the polyhedron in the alkaline environment of the insect midgut. Early after infection the budded virus form is produced. It buds through the plasma membrane and then infects other cells. Later in the infection cycle the occluded form of the virus is generated (reviewed by Blissard and Rohrmann, 1990).The processes of polyhedron formation and virion occlusion are likely to involve a number of viral gene products. However, only two genes, the polyhedrin gene and 25K FP gene, have been identified to date that are necessary for the wild type number of polyhedra to be formed and viral particles occluded.

Arabidopsis 4-COUMAROYL-COA LIGASE 8 contributes to the biosynthesis of the benzenoid ring of coenzyme Q in peroxisomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (22) ◽  
pp. 3521-3532
Author(s):  
Eric Soubeyrand ◽  
Megan Kelly ◽  
Shea A. Keene ◽  
Ann C. Bernert ◽  
Scott Latimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fluorescent Reporters ◽  
Coa Ligase ◽  
Peroxisomal Targeting

Plants have evolved the ability to derive the benzenoid moiety of the respiratory cofactor and antioxidant, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), either from the β-oxidative metabolism of p-coumarate or from the peroxidative cleavage of kaempferol. Here, isotopic feeding assays, gene co-expression analysis and reverse genetics identified Arabidopsis 4-COUMARATE-COA LIGASE 8 (4-CL8; At5g38120) as a contributor to the β-oxidation of p-coumarate for ubiquinone biosynthesis. The enzyme is part of the same clade (V) of acyl-activating enzymes than At4g19010, a p-coumarate CoA ligase known to play a central role in the conversion of p-coumarate into 4-hydroxybenzoate. A 4-cl8 T-DNA knockout displayed a 20% decrease in ubiquinone content compared with wild-type plants, while 4-CL8 overexpression boosted ubiquinone content up to 150% of the control level. Similarly, the isotopic enrichment of ubiquinone's ring was decreased by 28% in the 4-cl8 knockout as compared with wild-type controls when Phe-[Ring-13C6] was fed to the plants. This metabolic blockage could be bypassed via the exogenous supply of 4-hydroxybenzoate, the product of p-coumarate β-oxidation. Arabidopsis 4-CL8 displays a canonical peroxisomal targeting sequence type 1, and confocal microscopy experiments using fused fluorescent reporters demonstrated that this enzyme is imported into peroxisomes. Time course feeding assays using Phe-[Ring-13C6] in a series of Arabidopsis single and double knockouts blocked in the β-oxidative metabolism of p-coumarate (4-cl8; at4g19010; at4g19010 × 4-cl8), flavonol biosynthesis (flavanone-3-hydroxylase), or both (at4g19010 × flavanone-3-hydroxylase) indicated that continuous high light treatments (500 µE m−2 s−1; 24 h) markedly stimulated the de novo biosynthesis of ubiquinone independently of kaempferol catabolism.

Transferrin-induced endocytosis in stably transfected HeLa cells expressing wild-type and C282Y-mutant HFE measured by patch-clamp capacitance techniques

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A564-A565
Author(s):  
L SCHWAKE ◽  
A HENKEL ◽  
H RIEDEL ◽  
B HADASCHIK ◽  
T SCHLENKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Clamp ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Wild Type
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