scholarly journals Technological and structural change in the greek textiles industry

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ανδρέας Δεϊρμεντζόγλου
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
General Point ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Greek Economy ◽  
Made In

This thesis uses the Greek textiles industry to show that technology transfer between industrialised and developing countries is merely one dimension of the broader structure of industrial links between such countries. In that context it would appear that,whatever else may have been transferred to Greece, it has not been technology - in the sense o f a permanently absorbed and dynamic body of technical knowledge. The thesis contains a literature review, where it is argued that the traditional theories of relevance to the issue on the transfer of technology have gradually become superceded. It further shows that there is a need for a dynamic theory explaining the establishment of indigenous technological capacity in developing countries and makes the point that more empirical research is needed on the dynamics of learning processes in these countries. It examines the Greek economy from a general point of view, traces the reasons for its backwardness and points to the fact that many structural defects still remain to be corrected. It is argued that although significant progress has been made in all sectors of its economy, it still relies heavily on foreign capital and technology. The thesis then goes on to explore the textiles industry in a world context. It is shown that the industry is undergoing several radical, structural changes and as a result, many of the factors which attracted the developing countries to this particular industry are being eliminated. Thus, the world textiles industry of today is characterised by an integrated oligopoly of multinational corporations with strong links with final markets and in close collaboration with the textiles machinery sector. The Greek textiles industry is then examined with in this context. It is shown that although it has expanded, it still possesses several structural weaknesses which have their roots in inadequate indigenous technological capacities. It is concluded that under the present circum stances the future of the industry is doubtful if no countervailing action is taken.

scholarly journals Local Participation in Tourism Development—Roles of Non-Tourism Related Residents of the Alpine Destination Bad Reichenhall

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Kantsperger ◽  
Hannes Thees ◽  
Christian Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Point ◽  
Local Participation ◽  
Important Target

This study applies an adapted approach of the traditional view on local participation in tourism development. First, the study mainly focuses on exploring the patterns behind participation instead of the reasons for participation. Second, a case is chosen that transcends the interest in researching participation in developing countries. Third, the study focuses on non-tourism related residents, an under-researched group of stakeholders. It is thus investigated how non-tourism related residents face the process of participation in tourism development and what the main barriers and drivers are in this regard. To discuss this issue, the study takes a closer look at the case of Bad Reichenhall, an Alpine Destination in Germany. 15 qualitative interviews are conducted with non-tourism related residents and further evaluated through a qualitative content analysis. The results underline that tourism represents a public domain that concerns all stakeholders of a destination. The typology derived throughout the study reflects the heterogeneity of non-tourism related residents, coming up with four types of non-tourism related residents facing participation in tourism development rather differently. Various barriers and drivers are revealed that impact non-tourism related residents from both a personal and general point of view. Non-tourism related residents turn out as a promising and important target group in the discourse of stakeholder participation in tourism development.

scholarly journals Political risk management practices of Multinational Corporations: their approaches to deal with developing countries under economic sanctions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-247
Author(s):  
Yoel Modesto Gonzalez-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Political Risk ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Determinants

This article explores adjustments to the traditional political risk management practices followed by Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in their international operations to incorporate an increasingly concerning risk arising from the more frequent imposition of economic sanctions on developing countries over the last ten years for political purposes. In order to identify the main determinants of this risk and its consequences, a literature review is conducted, highlighting the models proposed by Tsebelis (1990) and Kakutami (2017) as the main frameworks to understand the dynamics for sanctions impositions, their frequency and the management of this risk by traditional MNCs from developed countries. Kakutami’s model is further enhanced in this article with a game theoretical model to understand the dynamic behavior of MNCs under this context, considering evidences of a growing presence in international markets of MNCs from developing countries, whose motivations for their expansion are explored. Finally, different political risk mitigating strategies are reviewed to explore their suitability to MNCs, with particular emphasis on the use of insurance to cover this risk and its effects on MNCs’ willingness to engage with sanctioned countries. As a general finding, from a reputational point of view, MNCs should take a more active role in their network analysis to identify their direct and indirect exposure to this risk, given the more frequent imposition of sanctions with an extraterritorial reach.

International Mobility of Hazardous Products, Industries, and Wastes

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry I. Castleman ◽  
Vicente Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
The Media

The export of hazards to developing countries, frequently associated with the transfer of technology, is an increasing public health problem. It may arise from the export of hazardous products and wastes, or from the transfer of hazardous industries in the absence of appropriate safeguards. Multinational corporations bear a major responsibility for having lower standards of health protection in manufacturing and marketing in the developing countries than in home-country operations. These firms are coming under growing international pressure from concerned citizens, unions, environmental groups, national governments and international organizations, religious groups, the media, and public health professionals.

Sources and Management of Conflict: The Case of Saudi-U.S. Joint Ventures

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uğur Yavaş ◽  
Doğan Eroğlu ◽  
Sevgin Eroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
And Performance

Joint ventures predominate in business formats used by multinational corporations in developing countries. It is believed that joint ventures in these countries suffer more conflicts and performance problems than joint ventures in developed countries. However, there is little empirical research into understanding the nature of joint venture problems in less developed countries. Furthermore, what little research exists examines the issue from the perspective of the parent company at the expense of the local partner's point of view. The study reported here is intended to fill this void. Specifically, the study examines severity of various conflicts in Saudi-U.S. joint ventures operating in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of Saudi partners. Three critical sources of conflict are identified and analyzed in detail. The discussion concludes by recommending a dynamic approach to conflict management with a special emphasis on developing communication capabilities.

BIO-ENERGY FROM PHOTOSYNTHETIC ALLOYS FOR USE IN BIOGUALS AND BIOPRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Ivanov ◽  
Dobri Rusev
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
International Activities ◽  
Made In

Significant technical progress has been made in recent years in the development of algae-based bioenergy, and much of industrial and academic R&D projects have diverged from the biofuels strategy. This report summarizes the conclusions of a recently concluded symposium analyzing the prospects for using micro- and macroalgae as a feedstock for biofuels and bioenergy. It discusses international activities for the development of bio-energy and non-energy algae bioproducts, advances in the use of macroalgae (both non-cultivated and cultivated algae). Applications for various biochemical and thermochemical uses, bio-refining capabilities for various products, as well as an in-depth review of the process from the point of view of economy and energy sustainability are also given.

BAPA+40: South African and African Lessons

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina Alexandra Muresan
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Global South ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
High Level ◽  
Made In

The Second High-Level United Nations (UN) Conference on South-South Cooperation (also known as BAPA+40), held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 20 to 22 March 2019, promised to reinvigorate efforts to further achieve and implement South-South cooperation (SSC). Forty years on, the Global South is shaping its image as a solutions provider. Immense strides have been made in improving access to allow a multitude of state and non-state actors to cooperate, while broadening and deepening modes of cooperation and facilitating the exchange of knowledge and transfer of technology, thus moving beyond the simplistic view that developing countries require aid to function and move forward. However, noting these symbolic strides, the Global South should move forward by building understanding of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) frameworks; integrating multi-stakeholder models; improving the visibility of peace and security in South-South programming; and building effective communications systems.

Mobile to Fuel Explosive Ecommerce Growthin india

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Yadav ◽  
Pranjeet Das ◽  
Ravi Kumar Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Is Security ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Made In

E-commerce is process of doing business through computer networks. Advances in wireless network technology and the continuously increasing number of users of mobile latter on make an ideal platform for offering various high utilityservices in just a snap of a finger to the mobile users and give pace to the rapid development of E-Commerce in India.E-commerce is considered an excellent alternative for companies to reach new customersbut the fact that has hindered the growth of e-commerce is security. Security is the challenge facing e-commerce today and there is still a lot of advancement made in the field of securityfor increasing the use of e-commerce in developing countries the B2B e-commerce is implemented for improving access to global markets for firms in developing countries. With the special characteristics and constraints of mobile terminals and wireless networks and the context, situations and circumstances that people use their hand-held terminalswhich will ultimately fuel explosive ecommerce growth in India This paper highlights the various key challenges and opportunities which Indian e-commerce industry may face in the upcoming years. And also discuss challenges in electronic commerce transactions.

scholarly journals Competing risks joint models using R-INLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Janet van Niekerk ◽  
Haakon Bakka ◽  
Håvard Rue
Keyword(s):  
Competing Risks ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Hazard Functions ◽  
Longitudinal Count Data ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Made In

The methodological advancements made in the field of joint models are numerous. None the less, the case of competing risks joint models has largely been neglected, especially from a practitioner's point of view. In the relevant works on competing risks joint models, the assumptions of a Gaussian linear longitudinal series and proportional cause-specific hazard functions, amongst others, have remained unchallenged. In this article, we provide a framework based on R-INLA to apply competing risks joint models in a unifying way such that non-Gaussian longitudinal data, spatial structures, times-dependent splines and various latent association structures, to mention a few, are all embraced in our approach. Our motivation stems from the SANAD trial which exhibits non-linear longitudinal trajectories and competing risks for failure of treatment. We also present a discrete competing risks joint model for longitudinal count data as well as a spatial competing risks joint model as specific examples.

scholarly journals Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Radiology: The Submission of a Survey to Investigate the Opinion of Insiders

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Daniele Giansanti ◽  
Ivano Rossi ◽  
Lisa Monoscalco
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Point ◽  
Thoracic Radiography ◽  
Digital Radiology ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Radiology Technicians ◽  
Medical Radiology ◽  
Great Development

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) during the COVID-19 pandemic is there for all to see, and has undoubtedly mainly concerned the activities of digital radiology. Nevertheless, the strong perception in the research and clinical application environment is that AI in radiology is like a hammer in search of a nail. Notable developments and opportunities do not seem to be combined, now, in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a stable, effective, and concrete use in clinical routine; the use of AI often seems limited to use in research applications. This study considers the future perceived integration of AI with digital radiology after the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes a methodology that, by means of a wide interaction of the involved actors, allows a positioning exercise for acceptance evaluation using a general purpose electronic survey. The methodology was tested on a first category of professionals, the medical radiology technicians (MRT), and allowed to (i) collect their impressions on the issue in a structured way, and (ii) collect their suggestions and their comments in order to create a specific tool for this professional figure to be used in scientific societies. This study is useful for the stakeholders in the field, and yielded several noteworthy observations, among them (iii) the perception of great development in thoracic radiography and CT, but a loss of opportunity in integration with non-radiological technologies; (iv) the belief that it is appropriate to invest in training and infrastructure dedicated to AI; and (v) the widespread idea that AI can become a strong complementary tool to human activity. From a general point of view, the study is a clear invitation to face the last yard of AI in digital radiology, a last yard that depends a lot on the opinion and the ability to accept these technologies by the operators of digital radiology.

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