scholarly journals Η μελέτη της αντιοξειδωτικής και αντιφλεγμονώδους δράσης μορίων (U-74389G και σιλδεναφίλης) σε πειραματικό πρότυπο χημικής αιμορραγικής κολίτιδας σε επίμυες

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Γεώργιος-Αντώνιος Μαργώνης
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Rat Model ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 5

BACKGROUND: Crohn disease is still incurable. Compounds with anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidativeeffects are tested in various preclinical models of the disease. Our aim was to investigate theeffects of sildenafil and lazaroid U-74389G in an experimental rat model oftrinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid was instilled into the colon of all male Wistar rats except for therats belonging to the first group. For 6 days, the animals in group 3 were administered dailysildenafil orally, the rats in group 4 were administered daily U-74389G intravenously, and therats in group 5 were coadministered daily sildenafil orally and intravenous U-74389G. Therats in groups 1 and 2 were not administered any treatment. During the study, the weightswere recorded as a marker of clinical condition. The colon damage was evaluated usingmacroscopic colon mucosal damage index (CMDI), microscopic (Geboes score), andbiochemical methods (tissue tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-αΝandΝmalondialdehydeΝ[εϊχ]ΨέRESULTS:Sildenafil reduced TNF-αΝtissueΝlevelsΝandΝincreasedΝbodyΝweightέΝU-74389G reduced TNF-α,Νthe macroscopic index of mucosal damage score (CMDI) and increased body weight. Thecombined treatment with sildenafil and U-74389G reduced tissue levels of both TNF-αΝandΝMDA, lowered CMDI and microscopic Geboes score, and increased body weight. CONCLUSIONS:U-74389G demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory activity related to its ability to reducecolonic TNF-α,ΝωεϊIΝscore, and improve weight change. We confirmed that sildenafil hasanti-inflammatory capacity by reducing colonic TNF-αΝandΝbyΝimprovingΝbodyΝweightέΝόinally,Νthe combined treatment showed superior effects by reducing colonic TNF-α,ΝcolonicΝεϊχ,ΝCMDI score, Geboes score, and by improving weight.

scholarly journals The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Inflammation Markers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Deniz Uluisik ◽  
Ercan Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 5

Background: Coenzyme Q10 is a well-known cofactor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain required for ATP production. Coenzyme Q10 is recognized as an intracellular antioxidant that protects cell membrane phospholipids, mitochondrial membrane protein, and plasma low-density lipoprotein against oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Diabetes and its complications have been related to increased levels of free radicals and systemic proinflammatory cytokines and to an abnormal lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on some cytokine levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, 38 healthy, adult male rats were used. The rats were divided into 5 groups. All animals were housed in separated cages during the four weeks. The animals in group 1 was fed standard rat pellets for 4 weeks. It was administered at 0.3 mL corn oil intraperitoneally daily for four weeks in group 2 animals. The animals in group 3 was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg CoQ10 daily for 4 weeks. Group 4 was made diabetic by subcutaneous injections of streptozotocin at dose of 40 mg/kg in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) single daily dose for two days and group 5 was made diabetic by subcutaneous injections of streptozotocin at dose of 40 mg/kg in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) single daily dose for two days and then was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg CoQ10 daily for 4 weeks. During the experiment, three animals from group 4 and one animals from group 5 were died due to streptozotocin-induced hypoglycemia. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken from all animals. In these blood samples, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α plasma levels were determined with ELISA using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent method via commercial kits. In this study, IL-4 level as an anti-inflammatory cytokine significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with diabetes induction compared to control group level. IL-10 level in diabetic group was statistically different (P < 0.05) from control group level. CoQ10 application to diabetic animals improved the falling in IL-10 level of diabetic group (P < 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α levels in diabetic group significantly increased (P < 0.05) in parallel with each other compared to control group levels. The same parameters were reduced (P < 0.05) by CoQ10 application in diabetic animals.Discussion: In this study, the occurred changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines with experimentally induced diabetes are expected results and these results are consistent with some studies related diabetes. These results may be considered to hazardous effects and inflammation caused by diabetes on liver, pancreas and other tissues. CoQ10 suppressed the increments in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, whereas it restored the reducing in anti-inflammatory cytokine levels arising due to diabetes. The obtained results from this study after CoQ10 application supported similar studies used CoQ10 application against deleterious effects of diabetes in animals and humans. Therefore, it is possible to say that CoQ10 may play important role in regulation of imbalance between inflammation markers in diabetes conditions and further studies are needed to clear the beneficial effects of CoQ10 treatment on the other inflammation markers in diabetes status.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Takokak (Solanum Torvum) Ethanol Extract in Rats Exposed to 7,12-Dimethylbenz[A]Anthracene (Dmba)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Nur Rahman ◽  
Sri Anna Marliyati ◽  
Muhammad Rizal Martua Damanik ◽  
Faisal Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Takokak fruit (Solanum torvum) is a type of eggplant containing solasodin, solamargin, solasonin and other phytochemicals components with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of takokak ethanol extract on TNF-α, IL6, and SOD levels.Methods: Experimental factorial study design, with the effect of takokak extract concentration factor (0, 400 and 800 mg/kgBW), takokak extract administration time factor including preventive (weeks 1-7) and curative (weeks 6-12) administration, and necropsy factor (necropsy in weeks 12 and 16). The data obtained included rats body weight, TNF-α, IL-6 and SOD levels.Results: The result showed that the interaction between takokak concentration and handling has significant effect on the increase of TNF-α levels (p=0.003) and the decrease of IL-6 levels (p=0.000). Interaction between takokak concentration, handling and necropsy has significant effect on the increase of SOD levels (p=0.010).Conclusion: Takokak ethanol extract has significant effect on the increase of TNF-α, and SOD levels, and the decrease of IL-6 levels.

scholarly journals Effect of ginger extract on reparation of mucosal damage in ileal rats exposured by 5- fluorouracil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
KHUSNUL DWI TYASARI ◽  
KIYATNO KIYATNO ◽  
BALGIS BALGIS
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Group 5

Tyasari KD, Kiyatno, Balgis. 2016. Effect of ginger extract on reparation of mucosal damage in ileal rats exposured by 5- fluorouracil. Biofarmasi 14: 24-31. This research had an objective to know the effect of ginger extract giving toward reparation of mucosal damage in ileal rats exposure by 5-fluorouracil. This research was a pure experiment with post test only control group design. We used 28 male Wistar Rats that were divided into 4 groups; control group, 5-FU group, 5-FU+ginger extract 9 mg dose group, and 5- FU+ginger extract 18 mg dose group. At days 3, 5, 7, and 9, 2 rats per day were killed by decapitation. Then the ileal rats were made to be sections and were colored by hematoxylin and eosin (HE). From each section, we measured height of 1 villi and depth of 1 cript in 3 vision field. The data obtained were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test with SPSS for Windows Release 16.0 program. Kruskal-Wallis test showed mean of villus height had p-value = 0,083 in day 3, p-value = 0,083 in day 5, p-value = 0,139 in day 7, and p-value = 0,160 in day 9. Whereas mean of cript depth had p-value = 0,114 in day 3, p-value = 0,198 in day 5, p-value = 0,083 in day 7, and p-value = 0,092 in day 9. All of p-values showed p > 0.05 in which there were no significant differences. From this experiment, we concluded that there was no effect of ginger extract giving toward reparation of mucosal damage of ileal rats which exposure by 5-FU.

scholarly journals Anticolitic Effect of Berberine in Rat Experimental Model: Impact of PGE2/p38 MAPK Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Li Jia ◽  
Kuijin Xue ◽  
Junheng Liu ◽  
Ola A. Habotta ◽  
Lianhai Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Doses

Berberine (BER), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has been demonstrated to have appreciable anticolitis effects. Nevertheless, the protective mechanism of BER in ulcerative colitis (UC) is barely understood. The present study was aimed at exploring the therapeutic efficacy of BER on UC in experimental colitis rat model. Rats were orally administered with BER for seven days at low and high doses (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) before AcOH intracolonic instillation. BER significantly retrieved colon inflammation and mucosal damage indicated by inhibition of macroscopic score and lessened the levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MPO, and PGE2). Notable downregulation of mRNA expression of p38 MAPK and increased protein expression of TGF-β were achieved by BER treatment. The anti-inflammatory potential of BER was supported by the histopathological screening of colon mucosa. In addition, BER restored colonic antioxidant capacity through elevation of GSH level and antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR) together with reductions of both MDA and NO levels. Marked downregulation of Nos2 mRNA expression is accompanied by increased Nrf2 and Hmox-1 expressions in colon specimens treated by BER. Furthermore, BER exhibited noticeable antiapoptotic activities through decreasing proapoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) and lessening antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein in the colon mucosa. Based on these findings, BER may improve colitis markedly which may be mediated by its striking antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.

A novel fluorinated stilbene exerts hepatoprotective properties in CCl4-induced acute liver damage

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Rivera ◽  
Martha S. Morales-Ríos ◽  
Wendy Bautista ◽  
Mineko Shibayama ◽  
Víctor Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Acute Liver Damage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

There has been a recently increase in the development of novel stilbene-based compounds with in vitro anti-inflamatory properties. For this study, we synthesized and evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of 2 fluorinated stilbenes on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage. To achieve this, CCl4 (4 g·kg–1, per os) was administered to male Wistar rats, followed by either 2-fluoro-4′-methoxystilbene (FME) or 2,3-difluoro-4′-methoxystilbene (DFME) (10 mg·kg–1, per os). We found that although both of the latter compounds prevented cholestatic damage (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity), only DFME showed partial but consistent results in the prevention of necrosis, as assessed by both alanine aminotransferase activity and histological analysis. Since inflammatory responses are mediated by cytokines, mainly tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), we used the Western blot technique to determine the action of FME and DFME on the expression level of this cytokine. The observed increase in the level of TNF-α caused by CCl4 administration was only prevented by treatment with DFME, in agreement with our biochemical findings. This result was confirmed by measuring interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, since the expression of this protein depends on the level of TNF-α. In this case, DFME completely blocked the CCl4-induced increase of IL-6. Our results suggest that DFME possesses greater anti-inflammatory properties in vivo than FME. DFME constitutes a possible therapeutic agent for liver disease and could serve as a template for structure optimization.

scholarly journals Naringin and Hesperidin Counteract Diclofenac-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats via Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rasha A. Hassan ◽  
Walaa G. Hozayen ◽  
Haidy T. Abo Sree ◽  
Hessah M. Al-Muzafar ◽  
Kamal A. Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This study is aimed at evaluating the preventive effect and at suggesting the mode of actions of naringin and hesperidin and their combination in diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity. Male Wistar rats, intraperitoneally injected with diclofenac sodium (3 mg/kg b.wt/day), were orally treated with naringin (20 mg/kg b.wt/day) and hesperidin (20 mg/kg b.wt/day) and their combination for 4 weeks. The administrations of naringin and hesperidin to diclofenac-injected rats led to a significant decrease in the elevated serum ALT, AST, LDH, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin, TNF-α, and IL-17 levels as well as liver lipid peroxidation and liver p53 and caspase-3 mRNA expressions. In contrast, serum IL-4 level, liver GSH content, and liver GPx and SOD activities increased. In association, diclofenac-induced deleterious histological alterations including hydropic degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, apoptosis, and focal hepatic necrosis of hepatocytes associated with inflammatory cells’ infiltration were remarkably improved by treatments with naringin and hesperidin. In conclusion, naringin, hesperidin, and their combination, which was the most potent, counteract diclofenac-induced liver injury via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions. Thus, this study recommends the use of naringin and hesperidin or their combination to resolve the side effects of drugs like diclofenac on the liver.

scholarly journals Apigenin Acts as Anti-inflammatory Compound through Reducing IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced Inflammation; in-vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Jamshidi ◽  
Mohammad Sofiabadi ◽  
Mina Eslami ◽  
Farshad Foroughi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Steroid Drug ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Control Sham

Abstract Background: Consumption of herbal flavonoids instead of chemical drugs has increased in recent years due to fewer side effects and affordability. In this study, the effect of apigenin was investigated on inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in male rat's serum by measuring the pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.Methods: 90 male Wistar rats weighing 200 ±2 grams were used and divided into control, sham (solvent), and positive control (dexamethasone 15 mg/kg. ip), and 3 experimental groups which received 5, 15 or 30 mg/kg of apigenin, intraperitoneally. In 30 minutes after interventions, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [30 μg/kg. ip] was injected. Then, at 4, 12- and 24-hour intervals, rats were anesthetized, and blood samples were prepared intracardially. Samples were centrifuged, and serums were separated and stored at -80 ° C. Measurement of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were conducted by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 19.Results: Pre-injection of apigenin at 5 mg/kg dosage were reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels at 24-hours after LPS injection, compared to control (for both P <0.05). Pre-injection of 15 mg/kg of apigenin was reduced IL-6 level at 24-hours after LPS injection (P <0.05). Pre-injection of 30 mg/kg of apigenin were reduced TNF-α level at 4- (P <0.05), 12- (P <0.01) and 24- (P <0.01) hours, IL-1β level at 24-hours (P <0.01), and IL-6 level at 4- (P <0.05) and 24- (P <0.01) hours after LPS injection.Conclusions: Apigenin reduces proinflammatory cytokines in serum in acute inflammation induction. This impact is close to the dexamethasone effect as an anti-inflammatory steroid drug.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Protective Effect of Zinc Nanoparticle and Zinc Supplement on Carbamazepine Induced Reproductive Damage in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Auwal Balarabe Bello ◽  
Mudassir Lawal ◽  
A. Muhammad Hisbullahi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Zinc Supplement ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sample Bottle ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 5

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the protective effect of zinc nanoparticle and zinc supplement against carbamazepine induced reproductive changes in male Albino rats. Study Design: In this experiment, 60 Male albino rats were used which are divided into six groups of 10 rats each. The first group was used as the control for the experiment and they were given distilled water. The second Group, Group 2 were administered with 20 mg/kg body weight of carbamazepine, group 3 were administered with 20 mg/kg of carbamazepine plus 10 mg/kg of zinc nanoparticle and Group 4 were administered with 20 mg/kg of carbamazepine plus 10 mg/kg of zinc supplement while group 5 were administered with 10 mg/kg of zinc nanoparticle and also group 6 were administered with 10 mg/kg of zinc supplement only. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Bells University of technology, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria, the research was carried out from February to June, 2018. Methodology: Zinc nanoparticle extraction was carried out to obtained Zinc nanoparticle. A 60 male albino rats with weight ranging from 140 g - 230 g were used. They were fed with normal rat chow and were allowed to acclimatize for a period of two weeks. They were then divided into six groups according to their body weight which contained the test groups and the control group. The rats were sacrificed after two weeks of test administration. They were allowed an overnight fast (24 hours). The cervical dislocation was done, and the blood was collected from the heart, in to a lithium heparinized bottle. The testes of the rats were also collected and stored in a sample bottle containing buffer and stored, the liver, kidney and the brain were collected too. The rats liver and testes were weight and macerated in 5 times the volume of the actual organ weight using homogenate buffer (phosphate buffer). The resulting homogenate was centrifuge at 10000 rmp speed for 15 mins then it was removed from the centrifuge and the supernatant was decanted and stored below 4°C. Result: The group administered with carbamazepine only show significant decreased in the level of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone when compared with control group, followed by the group administered with zinc nanoparticle only. However, group 6 and group 4 that were administered with zinc supplement and zinc supplement plus carbamazepine showed a significant increase in the level of these hormones when compared with control group, while group 6 which were administered with carbamazepine and zinc nanoparticle showed no significant different when compared with control group. In addition carbamazepine alone significantly increased the level of alanine transaminase (ALT) in the liver and also the group administered with zinc nanoparticle alone significantly increased the level of aspartate transaminase (AST) with decrease in the level of ALT. However, the groups administered with zinc supplement alone and in combination with carbamazepine reduced ALT and AST levels in the liver. Conclusion: Therefore, this study suggest that, carbamazepine induced toxicity by affecting the level of sex hormones and activities of the kidney in the male albino rats, and also zinc nanoparticle have more protective effect than zinc supplement against carbamazepine toxicity.

scholarly journals Wei Chang an Pill Alleviates TNBS-induced Ulcerative Colitis Through Inhibition of EMTProcess

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxin Qi ◽  
Lijuan Chai ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Sitong Jia ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background: Wei Chang An pill (WCA) is a traditional Chinese pharmaceutical preparation which has been widely used to treat various gastrointestinal diseases including Ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of our study was investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of WCA in the treatment of 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC in rats.Methods: We established the TNBS-induced UC model and then WCA was administrated orally for one week. Body weight, colon lengths, Disease Activity Index (DAI) score and Colon Mucosa Damage Index (CMDI) score were recorded. The expression of cytokines factors in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells was recorded to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of WCA and its herb active ingredients. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process in UC rats and Caco-2 cells which were induced by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells uponWCA treatment.Results: WCA significantly decreased the body weight loss, higher DAI and CMDI score, colon length shortening and histological damage in UC rats. Furthermore, both of the activities of myeloperoxidase dismutase (MPO) and the mRNA expressions of cytokine in UC tissues were significantly inhibited. In THP-1 cells, the mRNA expressions of IP-10, TNF-α, IL-6 and IkBα were significantly suppressed by WCA or its active ingredients. In UC rats and Caco-2 cells, both of their EMT process were strongly suppressed by WCA.Conclusion: These results show that through improving inflammatory microenvironment to inhibit the EMT process, WCA retarded the development of UC in rats to play its anti-inflammatory effect.

scholarly journals The effect of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) ethanolic extract on inflammatory infiltrates and NF-κB activation in periodontitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Aryudhi Armis ◽  
Tetiana Haniastuti ◽  
Heni Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Periodontitis is a periodontal disease involving the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone due to an inflammatory process. Virulence factors of periodontopathogens and inflammatory responses in periodontitis can stimulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. Charantoside c and Momordicosides g in bitter gourd prevent NF-κB activation stimulated by TNF-α in HepG2 cells. This study aims to determine the effect of bitter gourd fruit (Momordica charantia) ethanolic extract as an anti-inflammatory substance on the level of inflammatory infiltrates and the number of cells that experience NF-κB activation in the periodontitis model. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. The mandibular incisors were ligated for 14 days to induce periodontitis. Each group was given Momordica charantia extract of 500 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 100 mg/kg BW; ibuprofen 100 mg/kg BW; and aquades orally using oral gavage on the day 14. Rat necropsy was carried out on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 after giving the substances. Taking out the lower jaw was done to make tissue preparations followed by staining them with hematoxylin eosin (HE). Immunohistochemicalanalysis was performed to observe cells that were positive for NF-κB activation. The results showed a decrease in the density of inflammatory infiltrates in all groups, except for those given aquades. The number of inflammatory cells ofneutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes that experienced NF-κB activation showed the most effective decrease in the group of Momordica charantia 500 mg/kg BW, on the 7th day. The conclusion of this study is that ethanolic extractof Momordica charantia has an anti-inflammatory effect and prevents the activation of NF-kB in rat gingival induced by periodontitis. The highest effect was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW on day 7 after giving of extracts.

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