scholarly journals Απάτη και κατάχρηση στο πεδίο της κοινωνικής ασφάλειας

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σαββούλα Μουρατίδου-Τσεκτουρίδου
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
World Economic

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι πρωτίστως η διερεύνηση του εάν και σε ποιο βαθμό η ποιότητα διακυβέρνησης και η απορρέουσα διοικητική ικανότητα αναχαιτίζουν την εμφάνιση διαφθοράς στο σύστημα κοινωνικής ασφάλισης. Δευτερευόντως, το ενδιαφέρον εστιάζεται στην ανάγκη εξέτασης του εάν η καταδολίευση πόρων στην Ελλάδα γίνεται από ανάγκη και ως άμεσο αποτέλεσμα του ασθενούς χαρακτήρα του εγχώριου συστήματος κοινωνικής προστασίας. Στη συγκεκριμένη μελέτη, ως εργαλεία συλλογής πρωτογενών δεδομένων χρησιμοποιούνται δύο ερωτηματολόγια, στοιχεία από το ηλεκτρονικό αρχείο του Ολοκληρωμένου Πληροφοριακού Συστήματος, καθώς και παράθεση πρωτότυπων αφηγήσεων στελεχών του ΙΚΑ. Η ανάλυση στηρίζεται ακόμη στην εμπειρική διερεύνηση δευτερογενών δεδομένων από τη World Bank, World Economic Forum, IMF, Eurostat και O.E.C.D. Συμπερασματικά, η αναζήτηση των βαθύτερων παραγόντων που οδηγούν μερίδα του πληθυσμού να προβαίνει σε διάφορες μορφές κατασπατάλησης κοινωνικών πόρων, επιβεβαιώνει τα αίτια κατάρρευσης του συστήματος κοινωνικής ασφάλισης. Όπως προκύπτει και από την έρευνα που διεξήχθη σε στελέχη του, η αποσταθεροποίηση του μεγαλύτερου ασφαλιστικού οργανισμού δεν οφείλεται αποκλειστικά και μόνο σε παράγοντες, όπως η ανεργία, η γήρανση και τα χαμηλά όρια συνταξιοδότησης αλλά υποβόσκουν, επιπλέον, κίνητρα μικροπολιτικής. Οι αλλαγές που επιβάλλονται και δικαιολογούνται ως μέτρα για τη διάσωση της χώρας από την πτώχευση, από το 2010 και έπειτα, επικροτούνται από τα στελέχη του ΙΚΑ με βάση την εμπειρία τους στην περίπτωση που σχετίζονται με τη δομική και θεσμική αναδιάρθρωση του συστήματος, όπως τον διαχωρισμό του κλάδου υγείας από τον κλάδο σύνταξης. Αντιθέτως, διάχυτη είναι η αντίδρασή τους σε μέτρα που καταλύουν το κοινωνικό κράτος. Η υποβάθμιση του βιοτικού επιπέδου των δικαιούχων κοινωνικών παροχών, και η αδυναμία τους να ανταπεξέλθουν στις απαιτήσεις της καθημερινότητάς τους, διευρύνει τη δυσαρέσκειά τους ως προς την κυβερνητική εξουσία και την ικανότητα των θεσμών να συνδράμουν υποστηρικτικά στην αντιμετώπιση των προβλημάτων τους. Η έλλειψη εμπιστοσύνης προς τους αγνώστους, τους μετανάστες και τους μη νόμιμα εισερχόμενους στη χώρα αλλοδαπούς, η αύξηση της ξενοφοβίας και η συνεπαγόμενη ποσοστιαία άνοδος κομμάτων με ακραίες πολιτικές θέσεις είναι φυσικά επακόλουθα της κατάστασης αυτής, κλονίζεται, δε, αδιαμφισβήτητα, η κοινωνική συνοχή. Η συνειδητοποίηση της κοινωνικής αδικίας εξαιτίας της μεροληπτικής αντιμετώπισης πληθυσμιακών ομάδων εις βάρος του κοινωνικού συνόλου, η οποία διαιωνίζεται ακόμη και κατά τη δύσκολη περίοδο που διανύει η χώρα από το 2009 και έπειτα, συμβάλλει στην υποβάθμιση του ρόλου του κράτους. Ενδεχομένως, ακόμη, να οδηγούνται ορισμένοι πολίτες στην κατάχρηση κοινωνικών επιδομάτων, δεδομένου ότι δεν έχουν άλλους οικονομικούς πόρους επιβίωσης. Από την άλλη πλευρά, η υιοθέτηση λανθασμένων προτύπων συμπεριφοράς, η αποδοχή της αβεβαιότητας και του «δεν βαριέσαι, δεν πειράζει» και η εγωιστική αντίληψη οδηγούν στην απαξίωση των κρατικών θεσμών.

scholarly journals EFEITO DO SISTEMA FINANCEIRO NA EVIDENCIAÇÃO SOCIOAMBIENTAL DE EMPRESAS EM PAÍSES EMERGENTES E DESENVOLVIDOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rômulo Alves Soares ◽  
Alan Bandeira Pinheiro ◽  
Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de Abreu ◽  
Pedro De Barros Leal Pinheiro Marino
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
World Economic

O estudo avalia a influência do sistema financeiro da Austrália, do Brasil, do Canadá e da Índia sobre a extensão da divulgação de informações de responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) de empresas de setores ambientalmente sensíveis. Para esse fim, foram selecionadas empresas dos setores de utilidade pública, materiais básicos e de operações de petróleo e gás, da Austrália, do Brasil, do Canadá e da Índia, presentes na lista da Forbes 2000 do ano de 2008. O período analisado compreendeu os anos de 2007 a 2014. A variável dependente de pesquisa é a extensão da divulgação de informações de RSC, divididas em três dimensões: ambiental, social e total. As variáveis independentes utilizadas relacionam-se com o sistema financeiro, além de variáveis de controle relativas às características das empresas (tamanho e adoção das diretrizes da GRI). Essas variáveis tiveram como fonte os bancos de dados do World Bank, do World Economic Forum, das bolsas de valores da Austrália, do Brasil, do Canadá e da Índia, além das informações existentes nos relatórios anuais e de sustentabilidade. A análise é feita por meio de estatísticas descritivas, ANOVA e regressão linear. Os resultados apontam que a extensão da divulgação de RSC se relaciona positivamente com as características do sistema financeiro. O trabalho conclui que os gestores devem dar atenção à influência das características das estruturas institucionais que moldam o Sistema Nacional de Negócios ao estabelecerem suas estratégias relacionadas à RSC.

scholarly journals Competititive intelligence and competitivenes

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marié-Luce Muller
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Corporate Citizenship ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

With the recent World Economic Forum (WEF) held in Cape Town, South Africa, from 4 to 6 June 2008, Africa and South Africa's competitiveness once again fell under the spotlight. The latest WEF Global Competitiveness Report (2008) mentions that African businesses can become more competitive but that African governments, in partnership with global players, should provide the right support in the form of improved access to finance, improved infrastructure and better institutional capacity. In turn, corporates could, in partnership with governments, NGOs and bodies like the UN and World Bank, provide more focused corporate citizenship.

scholarly journals Knowledge Economy and Turkey

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Sakız
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Indicator Network ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Strategic Factor ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge

In this study, concept of knowledge economy has been held from the point of innovations it has brought, main features and factors and also the analysis of knowledge economy from Turkey’s perspective. Knowledge society has been started with the development of the first computer and evolved with the improvements in knowledge and communication sectors. In this process, relations with production, consumption and distribution which are main factors of economy and whole economic structure have been changed as to be based on knowledge. Strategic factor has become the knowledge. The new economy called knowledge economy is a web economy which is the main determiner in competitiveness and productivity. “Knowledge Assesment Methodology” has been developed by World Bank in order to measure the progress of countries towards becoming a knowledge economy. Also another indicator “Network Readiness Index” was developed by World Economic Forum. Therefore, in this study, the place of Turkey in becoming a knowledge society has been analysed by comparing Turkey with other countries in the world. Strength and weaknesses, opportunities and threats have also been analysed in terms of knowledge economy for Turkey.

scholarly journals Gender inequality in the modern world. Based on the study of international organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

Introduction. The article analyzes the results of two studies of international organizations “Women, business and law 2019: decade of reforms” conducted by experts of the World Bank with the involvement of external resources and the non-Governmental organization “World Economic Forum” in Davos, devoted to the study of the situation of gender inequality in the modern world.Materials and methods. The article provides theoretical and empirical analysis of the issues which concern ensuring equality of men and women in law, morality and social practice on the basis of analytical documents and research of international organizations, works of domestic and foreign scientists.The results of the study. The World Bank report shows that over the past decade, 274 reforms have been undertaken in 131 countries around the world to bring about changes in legislation that aim to increase gender equality.In the report of the World Economic Forum on this issue, experts took into account the situation of women in 149 countries.Women’s participation in politics remains the main issue according to the report.Discussion and conclusion. Research into the existing inequalities between men and women in public life highlights several facets of the problem.Firstly, the problem of creating gender within the framework of the socio-constructivist approach is actively discussed.Secondly, there is a production of gender differences in interactions in the public space.Thirdly, in scientific works much attention is paid to practical problems: gender division of labor, representation of women in the structures of power, the emerging structure of sexual and emotional relations, historical changes in structural patterns of behavior.The core of these studies is the search for ways to eliminate inequality in the status of men and women in public life on the basis of the basic UN human rights documents.The guidelines for this search are set by the UN Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW), adopted on December 18, 1979 by the UN.

scholarly journals Financial Market Development, Economic Development and Growth Diagnostics: An Application to Peru

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Raju ◽  
Brian Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Financial Market Development ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

The purpose of this paper is two fold. First, we hope that the analysis contained here will provide policymakers in Peru with a guidepost to framing appropriate financial and economic policy.  Second, we hope to offer policymakers everywhere a template to implement a similar type of “growth diagnostic” for their respective countries.  In this paper we find that the macro and micro-economic milieu in Peru constitutes a binding constraint and relieving this constraint would lead to significant economic growth. A recent World Bank study and a World Economic Forum survey confirm our general findings. In addition, our analysis indicates the following: Peru is not savings or investment constrained in either domestic or international markets; Peru is clearly constrained by a lack of “High Quality” human capital; poor infrastructure in Peru results in high transportation costs causing an adverse impact on competitiveness. Surprisingly, the sophistication of Peru’s exports was not a constraint, and in fact, Peru appeared to do quite well in terms of self discovery. 

Principles of Evolutionary Modernization of Transition Economies

2009 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rustamov
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Use ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
World Economic

The article considers strategic issues of modernization of the transition economy. The analysis is based on the methodology of the World Economic Forum where special attention is paid to the sequence of the transformation stages. The main conclusion is that modernization should combine implementation of the governance mechanisms with the beneficial use of comparative advantages of the national culture. In fact, modernization of the transition economy should be evolutionary. It is precisely this course of development that is relevant for Azerbaijan which has successfully upgraded its economy in the recent years.

The World Economic Forum Principles on "Climate Governance on Corporate Boards": can soft law help to face climate change around the world?

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

Climate change is a financial factor that carries with it risks and opportunities for companies. To support boards of directors of companies belonging to all jurisdictions, the World Economic Forum issued in January 2019 eight Principlescontaining both theoretical and practical provisions on: climate accountability, competence, governance, management, disclosure and dialogue. The paper analyses each Principle to understand scope and managerial consequences for boards and to evaluate whether the legal distinctions, among the various jurisdictions, may undermine the application of the Principles or, by contrast, despite the differences the Principles may be a useful and effective guidance to drive boards' of directors' conduct around the world in handling climate change challenges. Five jurisdictions are taken into consideration for this comparative analysis: Europe (and UK), US, Australia, South Africa and Canada. The conclusion is that the WEF Principles, as soft law, is the best possible instrument to address boards of directors of worldwide companies, harmonise their conduct and effectively help facing such global emergency.

Soft Force

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Anne McLarney
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Work ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Global Leader ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Public Sphere

This chapter focuses on the work of Heba Raouf Ezzat. Ranked the thirty-ninth most influential Arab on Twitter, with over 100,000 followers, voted one of the hundred most powerful Arab women by ArabianBusiness.com, and elected a Youth Global Leader by the World Economic Forum, Raouf Ezzat has articulated and disseminated her Islamic politics in a global public sphere. Her writings and lectures develop an Islamic theory of women's political participation but simultaneously address other contested questions about women's leadership, women's work, and women's participation in the public sphere. Heba Raouf Ezzat is one of the most visible public figures in the Arab and Islamic world today, a visibility that began with her book on the question of women's political work in Islam, Woman and Political Work.

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