scholarly journals Επιπτώσεις της υπόγειας άρδευσης με αστικά λύματα στη δημόσια υγεία και τις χημικές ιδιότητες του εδάφους

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αφροδίτη Τσιγκόϊδα
Keyword(s):  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacteria

Το καθαρό νερό είναι ένας από τους κύριους παράγοντες που περιορίζουν τη γεωργική παραγωγή τροφίμων σε πολλές χώρες κυρίως γύρω από τη Μεσόγειο, οι οποίες αντιμετωπίζουν σοβαρή και συχνά εποχιακή έλλειψη νερού και η ανάγκη για εξεύρεση λύσης απασχολεί πολλές από αυτές. Η ανακύκλωση των αστικών λυμάτων και επαναχρησιμοποίηση είναι μια πολύ σημαντική λύση που συμβάλλει στην εξοικονόμηση νερού. Επίσης μπορεί να θεωρηθεί μια πολύτιμη πηγή θρεπτικών συστατικών για την γεωργία, συμβάλλοντας στη μείωση της χρησιμοποίησης των χημικών λιπασμάτων και την αύξηση της παραγωγικότητας της γεωργίας. Η ανάπτυξη της επαναχρησιμοποίησης είναι απαραίτητο να αποτρέπει τις αρνητικές επιπτώσεις στο περιβάλλον και τη δημόσια υγεία. Οι παθογόνοι παράγοντες που περιέχονται στα λύματα, αποτελούν κίνδυνο για την δημόσια υγεία ενώ η περιεκτικότητα τους σε ανόργανα και οργανικά στοιχεία μπορεί να μεταβάλει τις χημικές ιδιότητες του εδάφους. Για τον λόγο αυτό κατά την επαναχρησιμοποίηση θα πρέπει να λαμβάνονται υπόψη όλα τα υφιστάμενα προβλήματα. Η εφαρμογή των λυμάτων για άρδευση στην Γεωργία μέσω γραμμών υπόγειας άρδευσης είναι μια μέθοδος που θα μπορούσε ενδεχομένως να εξουδετερώσει τις υπάρχουσες ανησυχίες σχετικά με την δημόσια υγεία αλλά δεν αποτρέπει και τις ενδεχόμενες μεταβολές των χημικών συστατικών του εδάφους. Ο στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να εκτιμηθεί κατά πόσον η υπόγεια άρδευση με αστικά λύματα, ανεπεξέργαστα και επεξεργασμένα, μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί με μεγαλύτερη ασφάλεια και μείωση του κινδύνου της ανθρώπινης υγείας σε σχέση με το βάθος άρδευσης. Επίσης μελετήθηκαν οι μεταβολές των χημικών ιδιοτήτων μετά την άρδευση. Επιπλέον μελετήθηκαν και οι μεταβολές των χημικών συστατικών του εδάφους, σε σχέση με το σημείο του σταλάκτη κατά την άρδευση, σε δύο διαφορετικά βάθη. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν μικροβιολογικές και χημικές αναλύσεις. Εξετάστηκαν οι ομάδες βακτηρίων: Ολικά κολίμορφα (total coliforms) και E.coli), περιττωματικοί στρεπτόκοκκοι (Fecal streptococci), θειοαναγωγικά κλωστρίδια (sulfur reducing bacteria) και ολικά βακτήρια (total bacteria). Επίσης εξετάστηκαν οι μεταβολές στις χημικές ιδιότητες του εδάφους, καθώς και η μεταβολή της συγκέντρωσης των χημικών παραμέτρων, ως προς το σημείο που τοποθετήθηκε ο σταλάκτης. Παρατηρήθηκε ότι η εφαρμογή των ανεπεξέργαστων αστικών λυμάτων σε μικρό βάθος άρδευσης, αποτελεί κίνδυνο για την δημόσια υγεία λόγω των παθογόνων μικροοργανισμών που μεταφέρονται. Το επεξεργασμένο αστικό λύμα έδειξε ότι είναι ασφαλές. Στους δύο τύπους εδάφους που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν, παρατηρήθηκε μείωση του pΗ και αύξηση του ποσοστού της οργανικής ουσίας, του ολικού αζώτου, των νιτρικών και αμμωνιακών, του νατρίου, του φωσφόρου και της ηλεκτρικής αγωγιμότητας. Η μεταβολή των χημικών παραμέτρων στο έδαφος σε σχέση με το σημείο του σταλάκτη δείχνει, στην επάνω ζώνη, αύξηση του ποσοστού της οργανικής ουσίας, στην περιεκτικότητα του ολικού Ν, του φωσφόρου, του νατρίου, του καλίου και της ηλεκτρικής αγωγιμότητας, ενώ στη κάτω ζώνη του σταλάκτη αυξήθηκε το ρΗ, το CaCO3 %, τα νιτρικά και η αμμωνία.

Bacterial pollution of the riverine surface microlayer and subsurface water

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Skórczewski ◽  
Zbigniew Mudryk
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Bacterial Pollution ◽  
Bacterial Enrichment ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Monthly Changes

The density and distribution of bacteria indicative of pollution in the surface microlayer and subsurface water of the River Słupia were estimated. The number of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci were higher in the surface microlayer than in the underlying water. The average bacterial enrichment factor (EF) of the parameters studied in the bacterioneuston was 1.7 to 1.8 times higher than in bacterioplankton. During the annual study cycle, bacterial pollution indicators inhabiting the surface microlayer and subsurface water showed considerable monthly changes.

Microbiological Evaluation of Selected Delicatessen Meats from Retail Supermarkets1

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 530-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. OBLINGER ◽  
J. E. KENNEDY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Roast Beef ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Roast beef, turkey breast, pastrami, corned beef and pickle and pimento loaf were obtained from delicatessens in eight Gainesville (FL) supermarkets. A total of 80 samples were analyzed for total aerobic counts (APC at 35 and 20 C), yeasts and molds, fecal streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium peifringens, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella. No Salmonella was recovered from any samples and only one sample contained C. peifringens. S. aureus was recovered from 12.5% of the samples at levels less than 1 log/g and E. coli was found in 11.3% of the samples. All samples contained fecal streptococci and 73.8% contained coliforms. APCs (35 C) were highest in corned beef and pastrami samples with mean counts of 6.75 and 6.91 logs/g, respectively; roast beef samples had lowest APCs with a mean count of 4.84 logs/g. High APCs and coliform counts in many samples indicate a need for improved sanitation procedures at the processor and retail levels.

Predictive indicators of the safety of swimming pool waters

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3101-3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nikaeen ◽  
M. Hatamzadeh ◽  
M. Vahid Dastjerdi ◽  
A. Hassanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Fecal Streptococci

Many outbreaks related to swimming pools could have been prevented or reduced if the pool had been well managed and effectively monitored. The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical and microbial parameters that can be proposed as an indicator for the safety of swimming pools. A total of 234 water samples, over a 10-month period in 2006–2007, were collected from indoor swimming pools in Isfahan. All water samples were analyzed for physicochemical and microbial parameters including temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, free chlorine, heterotrophic plate count (HPC), total (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS) Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa). The highest isolation of microbial indicators was for total coliforms (38%) and the lowest for fecal streptococci (3%). The correlation analyses indicated that free chlorine concentration had a significant negative relationship with the heterotrophic bacteria population and total coliforms. Total coliforms presented a significant correlation with the other microbiological indicators. The results clearly showed that the hygienic quality of the swimming pools was dependent on the efficacy of disinfection. Thus, the free chlorine and pH were good operational indices for the quality control of swimming pools and must be maintained in the recommended range to ensure optimal disinfection. The results also showed that TC and HPC were reliable and practical indicators for routine quality surveillance and assessment of the efficiency of the disinfection process and safety of swimming pools.

scholarly journals Assessing Market-Sold Remedies in Lomé (Togo) for Hygienic Quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comlan de Souza ◽  
Yaovi Ameyapoh ◽  
Simplice D. Karou ◽  
Kokou T. Anani ◽  
Madje L. Kpodar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Plant Processing ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
And Storage

Traditional concoctions sold in marketplaces are always assumed to be safe and efficient; however, they can be potentially toxic because of poor hygienic practices in plant processing or storage. The present study aimed to assess for the microbial quality of market-sold vegetable drugs in Lomé. Thus, a total of 209 plant remedies were collected in marketplaces and analysed for the presence of total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, sulphite reducing bacteria, and yeast and moulds according to the French Association of Normalisation (AFNOR) guidelines. The results revealed that all formulations were contaminated by several microorganisms, excepted alcohol-based mixtures. According to AFNOR limits nonconform drugs were according to total aerobic bacteria (86.96% powders, 81.82% capsules, 66.67% tisanes, and 42.11% decoctions); to total coliforms (9.10% capsules, 8.70% powders and 1.75% decoction); to yeasts and moulds (77.78% ointments, 40% calcined powders, 36.36% capsules, and 23.91% powders). The microbiological analysis revealed that the majority of contaminating bacteria were gram positive catalase positive and oxidase positive bacilli. Quality control studies on market-sold remedies are currently needed to evaluate the microbial risk in consuming these products and they may allow the standardisation of plant processing and storage.

scholarly journals Fecal pollution indicators removal by a vertical Multi-Soil-Layering system in domestic wastewater in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00050
Author(s):  
Aziz Taouraout ◽  
Abdelkader Chahlaoui ◽  
Driss Belghyti ◽  
Imane Taha ◽  
Driss Bengoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Pollution Indicators ◽  
Gray Water ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Soil Layering

The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of the vertical Multi-Soil-Layering filter (V-MSL) to remove indicators of fecal pollution from domestic wastewater under Moroccan conditions. To do this, a V-MSL filter measuring 20 cm deep, 60 cm wide, 78 cm high was installed near the guardian's house of the Razi’s middle school in Meknes to treat domestic wastewater. Three hydraulic loads (250 L/m2/day, 350 L/m2/day and 500 L/m2/day) were tested. This filter showed an average reduction of (97.5 ± 0.3)%, (97.7 ± 0.4)% and (96.0 ± 0.7)%, for total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci, respectively. The performance of the filter was not affected a lot when changing the hydraulic head from 250 L/m2/day to 500 L/m2/day. The bacterial load concentrations at the filter outlet are slightly higher than the WHO recommended standard (1000 CFU / 100mL) for reuse of wastewater in irrigation. To remedy this situation, we recommend the adoption of the principle of treatment of excreta at the source by the use of dry toilets and the treatment of gray water only by the V-MSL filter.

Intestinal Methanobrevibacter smithii but Not Total Bacteria Is Related to Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Rats

Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Mathur ◽  
Gene Kim ◽  
Walter Morales ◽  
Jaekyu Sung ◽  
Emily Rooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Methanobrevibacter Smithii ◽  
Total Bacteria

COUNTING TOTAL BACTERIA IN LAND ORGANIC WASTE HOUSEHOLD AND LAND INORGANIC WITH TOTAL PLATE COUNT METHOD (TPC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ekamaida Ekamaida
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Bacteria

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000

Specificity of Lectins Labeled with Colloidal Gold to the Exopolymeric Matrix Carbohydrates of the Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Biofilm Formed on Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
D.R. Abdulina ◽  
◽  
L.M. Purish ◽  
G.O. Iutynska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The studies of the carbohydrate composition of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilms formed on the steel surface, which are a factor of microbial corrosion, are significant. Since exopolymers synthesized by bacteria could activate corrosive processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the specificity of commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold to carbohydrates in the biofilm exopolymeric matrix produced by the corrosive-relevant SRB strains from man-caused ecotopes. Methods. Microbiological methods (obtaining of the SRB biofilms during cultivation in liquid Postgate B media under microaerophilic conditions), biochemical methods (lectin-binding analysis of 10 commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold), transmission electron microscopy using JEM-1400 JEOL. Results. It was shown using transmission electron microscopy that the binding of lectins with carbohydrates in the biofilm of the studied SRB strains occurred directly in the exopolymerіс matrix, as well as on the surfaces of bacterial cells, as seen by the presence of colloidal gold particles. For detection of the neutral carbohydrates (D-glucose and D-mannose) in the biofilm of almost all studied bacterial strains PSA lectin was the most specific. This lectin binding in biofilms of Desulfotomaculum sp. К1/3 and Desulfovibrio sp. 10 strains was higher in 90.8% and 94.4%, respectively, then for ConA lectin. The presence of fucose in the SRB biofilms was detected using LABA lectin, that showed specificity to the biofilm EPS of all the studied strains. LBA lectin was the most specific to N-аcetyl-D-galactosamine for determination of amino sugars in the biofilm. The amount of this lectin binding in D. vulgaris DSM644 biofilm was 30.3, 10.1 and 9.3 times higher than SBA, SNA and PNA lectins, respectively. STA, LVA and WGA lectins were used to detect the N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and sialic acid in the biofilm. WGA lectin showed specificity to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the biofilm of all the studied SRB; maximum number of bounded colloidal gold particles (175 particles/μm2) was found in the Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 biofilm. STA lectin was interacted most actively with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 and Desulfomicrobium sp. TC4 biofilms. The number of bounded colloidal gold particles was in 9.2 and 7.4 times higher, respectively, than using LVA lectin. The lowest binding of colloidal gold particles was observed for LVA lectin. Conclusions. It was identified the individual specificity of the 10 commercial lectins to the carbohydrates of biofilm matrix on the steel surface, produced by SRB. It was estimated that lectins with identical carbohydrates specificity had variation in binding to the biofilm carbohydrates of different SRB strains. Establishing of the lectin range selected for each culture lead to the reduction of the scope of studies and labor time in the researching of the peculiarities of exopolymeric matrix composition of biofilms formed by corrosiverelevant SRB.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document