scholarly journals Enhanced RNA interference - 1 - like - 1

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Γλυκερία Μέρμηγκα
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Οι ριβονουκλεάσες αποτελούν μια ομάδα ενζύμων που συμμετέχουν σε μια πληθώρα διαδικασιών σε όλους τους οργανισμούς από τους ιούς έως τους ανώτερους ευκαρυώτες. Η λήξη της μεταγραφής, η ωρίμανση και επιδιόρθωση των μεταγράφων αλλά και ο μηχανισμός της RNA σίγησης αποτελούν μερικά από τα μονοπάτια στα οποία προεξέχοντα ρόλο επιτελεί αυτή η ομάδα ενζύμων. Ανάλογα με τη θέση δράσης τους πάνω στο υπόστρωμα αλλά και κάποια ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά τους κατηγοριοποιούνται σε διάφορες οικογένειες μεταξύ των οποίων είναι και η υποοικογένεια Enhancer of RNA interference-1 (ERI-1). Οι πρωτεΐνες τη ομάδας αυτής είναι 3’-5’ εξωριβονουκλεάσες και ανήκουν στην ευρύτερη οικογένεια των DEDDh νουκλεασών, στην οποία μεταξύ άλλων ανήκουν και οι βακτηριακές ολιγοριβονουκλεάση και RNase T. Οι Eri-1 πρωτεΐνες είναι συντηρημένες στους ευκαρυώτες στους οποίους δρα ο μηχανισμός της RNA σίγησης, από το νηματώδη σκώληκα έως το ποντίκι, τον άνθρωπο, τη δροσόφιλα, τον Schizosaccharomyces pombe αλλά και τα φυτά. Συμμετέχουν σε διάφορες διαδικασίες όπως είναι η αποικοδόμηση των μικρών παρεμβαλλόμενων RNA (siRNA), δρώντας κατά αυτόν τον τρόπο στο μονοπάτι της RNA σίγησης, η ωρίμανση και αποικοδόμηση των ιστονικών μεταγράφων αλλά και η ωρίμανση του 5.8S ριβοσωμικού RNA. Το Eri-1 ομόλογο (ERI-1-Like-1, ERIL1) του φυτού Arabidopsis thaliana έχει χλωροπλαστιδιακή στόχευση ενώ φυτά Nicotiana benthamiana που υπερεκφράζουν το διαγονίδιο παρουσιάζουν χλωρωτικούς φαινοτύπους, με χλωροπλάστες που μοιάζουν προπλαστίδια . Από μοριακή ανάλυση των διαγονιδιακών αυτών σειρών προέκυψε ότι τα χλωροπλαστιδιακά μετάγραφα παρουσιάζουν μειωμένα επίπεδα σε σχέση με τα φυτά αγρίου τύπου. Στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν η περαιτέρω μελέτη της δράσης του Eri-1 ομολόγου στα φυτά (ERI-1-Like-1, ERIL) και συγκεκριμένα στα φυτά-μοντέλα Arabidopsis thaliana και Nicotiana benthamiana. Αρχικά, και λόγω της παρουσίας δύο παραλόγων γονιδίων στο είδος N. benthamiana, κλωνοποιήθηκαν τα μετάγραφα όπου και διαπιστώθηκε ότι από το ένα παράλογο γονίδιο προκύπτουν με εναλλακτικό μάτισμα δύο ισομορφές. Προκειμένου να μελετηθεί η επίδραση του εναλλακτικού ματίσματος στον ενδοκυττάριο εντοπισμό της παραγόμενης πρωτεΐνης, πραγματοποιήθηκαν πειράματα υπερέκφρασης της συγκεκριμένης γονιδιακής θέσης συντηγμένης με την πρωτεΐνη αναφοράς Green Fluorescent Protein, όπου με συνεστιακή μικροσκοπία διαπιστώθηκε ο χλωροπλαστιδιακός εντοπισμός. Η χλωροπλαστιδιακή στόχευση της πρωτεΐνης διαπιστώθηκε και με ανάλυση τύπου western σε πρωτεϊνικά εκχυλίσματα χλωροπλαστών. Επιπλέον, πραγματοποιήθηκε ο χαρακτηρισμός των σειρών που παρουσιάζουν μειωμένα επίπεδα της συγκεκριμένης πρωτεΐνης με αναλύσεις τύπου northern και western. Αυτές οι σειρές μαζί με σειρές υπερέκφρασης του διαγονιδίου οι οποίες είχαν χαρακτηριστεί από προηγούμενες μελέτες αποτέλεσαν τα εργαλεία για τη μελέτη της δράσης της υπό μελέτης πρωτεΐνης. Οι σειρές με έντονη καταστολή παρουσίαζαν μειωμένα επίπεδα χλωροφυλλών σε σχέση με φυτά αγρίου τύπου ενώ από μελέτες ηλεκτρονικής μικροσκοπίας σε τομές φύλλων φυτών N.benthamiana με καταστολή των ERIL1 γονιδίων διαπιστώθηκαν ότι οι χλωροπλάστες παρουσίαζαν παρεκκλίνουσα ανατομία. Από μοριακή ανάλυση τύπου northern φυτών με καταστολή και υπερέκφραση του ERIL1 διαπιστώθηκαν παρεκκλίνοντα πρότυπα στην ωρίμανση των ριβοσωμικών μεταγράφων του χλωροπλάστη υποδεικνύοντας τη συμμετοχή της πρωτεΐνης στην ωρίμανση αυτών των μεταγράφων. Επιπλέον, με ανοσοκατακρήμνιση διαπιστώθηκε ότι η πρωτεΐνη συγκατακρημνίζεται εκτός των ριβοσωμικών μεταγράφων και με ορισμένα άλλα χλωροπλαστιδιακά νουκλεϊκά οξέα υποδεικνύοντας κάποιο πιθανό ρόλο στην ωρίμανση αυτών. Τέλος, με παροδική υπερέκφραση της πρωτεΐνης σε αναπτυγμένα φύλλα N. benthamiana παρατηρήθηκε επίδραση της στην αποικοδόμηση του ώριμου 4.5S rRNA. Τέλος, πραγματοποιήθηκαν πειράματα προκειμένου να μελετηθεί ο ρόλος της υπό μελέτης πρωτεΐνης στο μηχανισμό της RNA σίγησης. Από αυτά δεν διαπιστώθηκε κάποια επίδραση στο μονοπάτια που μελετήθηκαν, ενώ μόνο τα φυτά που υπερεκφράζουν την πρωτεΐνη παρουσίασαν αυξημένα επίπεδα συγκεκριμένων miRNA. Συνολικά, από τα πειράματα της παρούσας μελέτης συμπεραίνεται ότι η πρωτεΐνη ERIL1 δρα στην ωρίμανση των ριβοσωμικών χλωροπλαστιδιακών μεταγράφων και στην αποικοδόμηση του 4.5S rRNA ενώ δεν φαίνεται να έχει κάποιο ρόλο στα μονοπάτια της RNA σίγησης που μελετήθηκαν.

scholarly journals Cloning and Expression Analysis of the BocMBF1c Gene Involved in Heat Tolerance in Chinese Kale

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Zou ◽  
Bingwei Yu ◽  
Xing-Liang Ma ◽  
Bihao Cao ◽  
Guoju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. chinensis Lei) is an important vegetable crop in South China, valued for its nutritional content and taste. Nonetheless, the thermal tolerance of Chinese kale still needs improvement. Molecular characterization of Chinese kale’s heat stress response could provide a timely solution for developing a thermally tolerant Chinese kale variety. Here, we report the cloning of multi-protein bridging factor (MBF) 1c from Chinese kale (BocMBF1c), an ortholog to the key heat stress responsive gene MBF1c. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BocMBF1c is highly similar to the stress-response transcriptional coactivator MBF1c from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtMBF1c), and the BocMBF1c coding region conserves MBF1 and helix-turn-helix (HTH) domains. Moreover, the promoter region of BocMBF1c contains three heat shock elements (HSEs) and, thus, is highly responsive to heat treatment. This was verified in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter. In addition, the expression of BocMBF1c can be induced by various abiotic stresses in Chinese kale which indicates the involvement of stress responses. The BocMBF1c-eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) chimeric protein quickly translocated into the nucleus under high temperature treatment in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue. Overexpression of BocMBF1c in Arabidopsis thaliana results in a larger size and enhanced thermal tolerance compared with the wild type. Our results provide valuable insight for the role of BocMBF1c during heat stress in Chinese kale.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a Green Fluorescent Protein Sentinel System for Identification of RNA Interference in Blastomyces dermatitidis Illuminates the Role of Septin in Morphogenesis and Sporulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Krajaejun ◽  
G. M. Gauthier ◽  
C. A. Rappleye ◽  
T. D. Sullivan ◽  
B. S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT A high-throughput strategy for testing gene function would accelerate progress in our understanding of disease pathogenesis for the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis, whose genome is being completed. We developed a green fluorescent protein (GFP) sentinel system of gene silencing to rapidly study genes of unknown function. Using Gateway technology to efficiently generate RNA interference plasmids, we cloned a target gene, “X,” next to GFP to create one hairpin to knock down the expression of both genes so that diminished GFP reports target gene expression. To test this approach in B. dermatitidis, we first used LACZ and the virulence gene BAD1 as targets. The level of GFP reliably reported interference of their expression, leading to rapid detection of gene-silenced transformants. We next investigated a previously unstudied gene encoding septin and explored its possible role in morphogenesis and sporulation. A CDC11 septin homolog in B. dermatitidis localized to the neck of budding yeast cells. CDC11-silenced transformants identified with the sentinel system grew slowly as flat or rough colonies on agar. Microscopically, they formed ballooned, distorted yeast cells that failed to bud, and they sporulated poorly as mold. Hence, this GFP sentinel system enables rapid detection of gene silencing and has revealed a pronounced role for septin in morphogenesis, budding, and sporulation of B. dermatitidis.

scholarly journals Non-Target Effects of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Derived Double-Stranded RNA (dsRNA-GFP) Used in Honey Bee RNA Interference (RNAi) Assays

Insects ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Nunes ◽  
Aline Aleixo ◽  
Angel Barchuk ◽  
Ana Bomtorin ◽  
Christina Grozinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Target Effects

scholarly journals Viral Preprotoxin Signal Sequence Allows Efficient Secretion of Green Fluorescent Protein by Candida glabrata, Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Eiden-Plach ◽  
Tatjana Zagorc ◽  
Tanja Heintel ◽  
Yvonne Carius ◽  
Frank Breinig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT Besides its importance as model organism in eukaryotic cell biology, yeast species have also developed into an attractive host for the expression, processing, and secretion of recombinant proteins. Here we investigated foreign protein secretion in four distantly related yeasts (Candida glabrata, Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe) by using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter and a viral secretion signal sequence derived from the K28 preprotoxin (pptox), the precursor of the yeast K28 virus toxin. In vivo expression of GFP fused to the N-terminal pptox leader sequence and/or expression of the entire pptox gene was driven either from constitutive (PGK1 and TPI1) or from inducible and/or repressible (GAL1, AOX1, and NMT1) yeast promoters. In each case, GFP entered the secretory pathway of the corresponding host cell; confocal fluorescence microscopy as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western analysis of cell-free culture supernatants confirmed that GFP was efficiently secreted into the culture medium. In addition to the results seen with GFP, the full-length viral pptox was correctly processed in all four yeast genera, leading to the secretion of a biologically active virus toxin. Taken together, our data indicate that the viral K28 pptox signal sequence has the potential for being used as a unique tool in recombinant protein production to ensure efficient protein secretion in yeast.

scholarly journals Interdependence of the Peroxisome-targeting Receptors in Arabidopsis thaliana: PEX7 Facilitates PEX5 Accumulation and Import of PTS1 Cargo into Peroxisomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naxhiely Martínez Ramón ◽  
Bonnie Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Targeting Signals ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Peroxisome Targeting Signals

Peroxisomes compartmentalize certain metabolic reactions critical to plant and animal development. The import of proteins from the cytosol into the organelle matrix depends on more than a dozen peroxin (PEX) proteins, with PEX5 and PEX7 serving as receptors that shuttle proteins bearing one of two peroxisome-targeting signals (PTSs) into the organelle. PEX5 is the PTS1 receptor; PEX7 is the PTS2 receptor. In plants and mammals, PEX7 depends on PEX5 binding to deliver PTS2 cargo into the peroxisome. In this study, we characterized a pex7 missense mutation, pex7-2, that disrupts both PEX7 cargo binding and PEX7-PEX5 interactions in yeast, as well as PEX7 protein accumulation in plants. We examined localization of peroxisomally targeted green fluorescent protein derivatives in light-grown pex7 mutants and observed not only the expected defects in PTS2 protein import but also defects in PTS1 import. These PTS1 import defects were accompanied by reduced PEX5 accumulation in light-grown pex7 seedlings. Our data suggest that PEX5 and PTS1 import depend on the PTS2 receptor PEX7 in Arabidopsis and that the environment may influence this dependence. These data advance our understanding of the biogenesis of these essential organelles and provide a possible rationale for the retention of the PTS2 pathway in some organisms.

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulators on transient expression of foreign gene in Nicotiana benthamiana L. leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yue-Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Wei Da ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Abstract Background In the last decades, replicating expression vectors based on plant geminivirus have been widely used for enhancing the efficiency of plant transient expression. By using the replicating expression vector derived from bean yellow dwarf virus and green fluorescent protein as a reporter, we investigated the effects of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins3, and 6-benzyladenine, as three common plant growth regulators, on the plant biomass and efficiency of transient expression during the process of transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana L. leaves. Results With the increase of the concentration of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins3, and 6-benzyladenine (from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/L), the fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area of the seedlings increased first and then returned to the levels similar to the controls (without chemical treatment). The treatment with α-naphthalene acetic acid at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.4 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and was increased about by 19%, compared to the controls. Gibberellins3 at 0.1–0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.2 mg/L gibberellins3 and was increased by 25%. However, the application of 6-benzyladenine led to decrease in the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein. Conclusions The appropriate plant growth regulators at moderate concentration could be beneficial to the expression of foreign genes from the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in plants. Thus, appropriate plant growth regulators could be considered as exogenous components that are applied for the production of recombinant protein by plant-based transient expression systems.

scholarly journals Identification of Restriction Factors by Human Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screening of Viral Host Range Mutants Exemplified by Discovery of SAMD9 and WDR6 as Inhibitors of the Vaccinia Virus K1L−C7L− Mutant

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilad Sivan ◽  
Pinar Ormanoglu ◽  
Eugen C. Buehler ◽  
Scott E. Martin ◽  
Bernard Moss
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Restriction Factors ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Viral Host Range

ABSTRACTRNA interference (RNAi) screens intended to identify host factors that restrict virus replication may fail if the virus already counteracts host defense mechanisms. To overcome this limitation, we are investigating the use of viral host range mutants that exhibit impaired replication in nonpermissive cells. A vaccinia virus (VACV) mutant with a deletion of both the C7L and K1L genes, K1L−C7L−, which abrogates replication in human cells at a step prior to late gene expression, was chosen for this strategy. We carried out a human genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen in HeLa cells infected with a VACV K1L−C7L−mutant that expresses the green fluorescent protein regulated by a late promoter. This positive-selection screen had remarkably low background levels and resulted in the identification of a few cellular genes, notably SAMD9 and WDR6, from approximately 20,000 tested that dramatically enhanced green fluorescent protein expression. Replication of the mutant virus was enabled by multiple siRNAs to SAMD9 or WDR6. Moreover, SAMD9 and WDR6 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 knockout HeLa cell lines were permissive for replication of the K1L−C7L−mutant, in agreement with the siRNA data. Expression of exogenous SAMD9 or interferon regulatory factor 1 restricted replication of the K1L−C7L−mutant in the SAMD9−/−cells. Independent interactions of SAMD9 with the K1 and C7 proteins were suggested by immunoprecipitation. Knockout of WDR6 did not reduce the levels of SAMD9 and interactions of WDR6 with SAMD9, C7, and K1 proteins were not detected, suggesting that these restriction factors act independently but possibly in the same innate defense pathway.IMPORTANCEThe coevolution of microbial pathogens with cells has led to an arms race in which the invader and host continuously struggle to gain the advantage. For this reason, traditional siRNA screens may fail to uncover important immune mechanisms if the pathogens have already developed effective responses. However, host-restricted viral mutants have lost one or more defense genes needed for their replication in nonpermissive cells. By screening human genome libraries of short RNAs that inhibit the expression of individual host genes in nonpermissive cells, we identified SAMD9 and WDR6 as major restriction factors that prevented replication of a vaccinia virus mutant and suggest that host range screening can be generally useful for the investigation of host-pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals An epifluorescent attachment improves whole-plant digital photography of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing red-shifted green fluorescent protein

AoB Plants ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stokes S. Baker ◽  
Cleo B. Vidican ◽  
David S. Cameron ◽  
Haittam G. Greib ◽  
Christine C. Jarocki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Digital Photography ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Green Fluorescent
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