scholarly journals Ο προσδιορισμός των γενετικών σχέσεων μεταξύ ποικιλιών σιταριού με τη χρήση μορφολογικών, μοριακών και κυτταρογενετικών δεικτών

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
26S Rdna

Τριάντα εννέα μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά, 11 ζευγάρια SSR εκκινητών, εννέα ISSR εκκινητών και in situ υβριδισμοί χρησιμοποιήθηκαν προκειμένου να μελετηθεί η γενετική παραλλακτικότητα και οι σχέσεις μεταξύ 45 καταχωρήσεων σιταριού με διαφορετική γεωγραφική προέλευση (Ελλάδα, Αίγυπτος, Κύπρος και Ιταλία). Ένα υψηλό ποσοστό της φαινοτυπικής πλαστικότητας οφείλεται σε ποσοτικά μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά. Οι καταχωρήσεις σιταριού που έχουν διαφορετικό επίπεδο πλοειδίας ομαδοποιήθηκαν ξεχωριστά με όλους τους τύπους δεικτών (μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά και μοριακοί δείκτες SSR και ISSR), αλλά δεν ομαδοποιήθηκαν με βάση τη γεωγραφική προέλευση. Πολύ υψηλές τιμές συσχετισμού βρέθηκαν μεταξύ μερικών μορφολογικών χαρακτηριστικών που κυμάνθηκαν από 0,73 έως 0,95. Εννέα ποιοτικά μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά και ένα ποσοτικό ξεχώρισαν τις καταχωρήσεις σκληρού σιταριού, από τις καταχωρήσεις μαλακού σιταριού που χαρακτηρίστηκαν από τέσσερα ποιοτικά και δύο ποσοτικά χαρακτηριστικά. Οι τιμές συσχέτισης μεταξύ των μορφολογικών και μοριακών μήτρων ομοιότητας κυμάνθηκαν σε ικανοποιητικά επίπεδα (r=0,54 μεταξύ των μορφολογικών χαρακτηριστικών και SSR, ενώ r=0,57 μεταξύ μορφολογικών και ISSR), ενώ ήταν πολύ υψηλές μεταξύ των δύο τύπων μοριακών δεικτών (r=0,85). Όλες οι τετραπλοειδείς καταχωρήσεις σιταριού που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για τον in situ υβριδισμό έχουν τέσσερις περιοχές για το 5S rDNA και 12 περιοχές 18S-5.8S-26S. Οι εξαπλοειδείς καταχωρήσεις έχουν έξι 5S rDNA περιοχές και 16 περιοχές 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA.

The use of double fluorescence in situ hybridization to physically map the positions of 5S rDNA genes in relation to the chromosomal location of 18S–5.8S–26S rDNA and a C genome specific DNA sequence in the genus Avena

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concha Linares ◽  
Juan González ◽  
Esther Ferrer ◽  
Araceli Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Rdna Loci ◽  
C Genome

A physical map of the locations of the 5S rDNA genes and their relative positions with respect to 18S–5.8S–26S rDNA genes and a C genome specific repetitive DNA sequence was produced for the chromosomes of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid oat species using in situ hybridization. The A genome diploid species showed two pairs of rDNA loci and two pairs of 5S loci located on both arms of one pair of satellited chromosomes. The C genome diploid species showed two major pairs and one minor pair of rDNA loci. One pair of subtelocentric chromosomes carried rDNA and 5S loci physically separated on the long arm. The tetraploid species (AACC genomes) arising from these diploid ancestors showed two pairs of rDNA loci and three pairs of 5S loci. Two pairs of rDNA loci and 2 pairs of 5S loci were arranged as in the A genome diploid species. The third pair of 5S loci was located on one pair of A–C translocated chromosomes using simultaneous in situ hybridization with 5S rDNA genes and a C genome specific repetitive DNA sequence. The hexaploid species (AACCDD genomes) showed three pairs of rDNA loci and six pairs of 5S loci. One pair of 5S loci was located on each of two pairs of C–A/D translocated chromosomes. Comparative studies of the physical arrangement of rDNA and 5S loci in polyploid oats and the putative A and C genome progenitor species suggests that A genome diploid species could be the donor of both A and D genomes of polyploid oats. Key words : oats, 5S rDNA genes, 18S–5.8S–26S rDNA genes, C genome specific repetitive DNA sequence, in situ hybridization, genome evolution.

Detection of a variable number of 18S-5.8S-26S and 5S ribosomal DNA loci by fluorescent in situ hybridization in diploid and tetraploid Arachis species

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Raina ◽  
Y Mukai
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Loci

In order to obtain new information on the genome organization of Arachis ribosomal DNA, more particularly among A. hypogaea and its close relatives, the distribution of the 18S-5.8S-26S and 5S ribosomal RNA gene families on the chromosomes of 21 diploid and tetraploid Arachis species, selected from six of nine taxonomic sections, was analyzed by in situ hybridization with pTa71 (18S-5.8S-26S rDNA) and pTa794 (5S rDNA) clones. Two major 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA loci with intense signals were found in the nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) of each of the diploid and tetraploid species. In addition to extended signals at major NORs, two to six medium and (or) minute-sized signals were also observed. Variability in the number, size, and location of 18S-5.8S-26S sites could generally distinguish species within the same genome as well as between species with different genomes. The use of double fluorescence in situ hybridization enabled us to locate the positions of 5S rRNA genes in relation to the chromosomal location of 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA genes in Arachis chromosomes which were difficult to karyotype. Two or four 5S rDNA loci and 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA loci were generally located on different chromosomes. The tandemly repeated 5S rDNA sites were diagnostic for T and C genomes. In one species, each of B and Am genomes, the two ribosomal gene families were observed to occur at the same locus. Barring A. ipaensis and A. valida, all the diploid species had characteristic centromeric bands in all the 20 chromosomes. In tetraploid species A. hypogaea and A. monticola only 20 out of 40 chromosomes showed centromeric bands. Comparative studies of distribution of the two ribosomal gene families, and occurrence of centromeric bands in only 20 chromosomes of the tetraploid species suggests that A. villosa and A. ipaensis are the diploid progenitors of A. hypogaea and A. monticola. This study excludes A. batizocoi as the B genome donor species for A. hypogaea and A. monticola.Key words: Arachis species, 5S rRNA, 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA, in situ hybridization, evolution.

Genome differentiation in Aegilops. 2. Physical mapping of 5S and 18S–26S ribosomal RNA gene families in diploid species

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekatherina D. Badaeva ◽  
Bernd Friebe ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
Genome Differentiation ◽  
Rdna Loci

The distribution of the 5S and 18S–5.8S–26S (18S–26S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene families on chromosomes of all diploid Aegilops species was studied by in situ hybridization with pTa71 (18S–26S rDNA) and pTa794 (5S rDNA) DNA clones. One major 18S–26S rDNA locus was found in the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) of each of the species Aegilops tauschii and Aegilops uniaristata and two loci were detected in the remaining species. In addition to major NORs, from one to nine minor loci were observed; their numbers and chromosomal locations were species-specific. Some minor loci were polymorphic, whereas others were conserved. One or two 5S rDNA loci were observed in the short arms of the chromosomes of groups 1 and 5 of all diploid Aegilops species except Ae. uniaristata, where one 5S rDNA site was located in the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 1N. The 5S rDNA loci were not associated with NORs; however, the relative positions of two ribosomal RNA gene families were diagnostic for chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1, 5, and 6. Implications of these results for establishing phylogenetic relationships of diploid Aegilops species and mechanisms of genome differentiation are discussed. Key words : wheat, Triticum, Aegilops, 5S rRNA, 18S–26S rRNA, in situ hybridization, evolution.

Characterization of genome in tetraploid StY species of Elymus (Triticeae: Poaceae) using sequential FISH and GISH

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijuan Liu ◽  
Richard R.-C. Wang ◽  
Feng Yu ◽  
Xingwang Lu ◽  
Quanwen Dou
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Type I ◽  
Genomic Variations ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Sequential Fish

Genomes of ten species of Elymus, either presumed or known as tetraploid StY, were characterized using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). These tetraploid species could be grouped into three categories. Type I included StY genome reported species—Roegneria pendulina, R. nutans, R. glaberrima, R. ciliaris, and Elymus nevskii, and StY genome presumed species—R. sinica, R. breviglumis, and R. dura, whose genome could be separated into two sets based on different GISH intensities. Type I genome constitution was deemed as putative StY. The St genome were mainly characterized with intense hybridization with pAs1, fewer AAG sites, and linked distribution of 5S rDNA and 18S-26S rDNA, while the Y genome with less intense hybridization with pAs1, more varied AAG sites, and isolated distribution of 5S rDNA and 18S-26S rDNA. Nevertheless, further genomic variations were detected among the different StY species. Type II included E. alashanicus, whose genome could be easily separated based on GISH pattern. FISH and GISH patterns suggested that E. alashanicus comprised a modified St genome and an unknown genome. Type III included E. longearistatus, whose genome could not be separated by GISH and was designated as StlYl. Notably, a close relationship between Sl and Yl genomes was observed.

Genetic and cytogenetic analyses of the A genome of Triticum monococcum. VIII. Localization of rDNAs and characterization of 5S rRNA genes

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam-Soo Kim ◽  
J. Kuspira ◽  
K. Armstrong ◽  
R. Bhambhani
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
Recognition Sites ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Chromosome 5A

In situ hybridization with [3H]dCTP labelled pScT7 (5S rDNA) and pTa80 (18S + 26S rDNA) indicated that both hybridized to the terminal regions of two pairs of chromosomes in Triticum monococcum. When the hybridization was performed with a mixture of both probes, only two pairs of chromosome arms were labelled, which suggested that the loci of both genes were located in juxtaposition to one another. Both probes labelled one pair of sites more heavily than the other. Southern analysis of 5S with BamHI-digested DNA from 12 accessions of T. monococcum (including T. urartu) produced two superimposed ladders of approximate sizes of 500 and 330 bp, which differ from T. aestivum in which 500- and 420-bp ladders were found. The 500-bp ladder is derived from chromosome 5A (5SDna-A2) and the 330-bp ladder from chromosome 1A (5SDna-A1). The recognition site for SstI was present in the long spacer region but absent in the short spacer as in T. aestivum; however, unlike T. aestivum, there were HaeIII (GGCC) and HindIII (AAGCTT) recognition sites in the short spacer region. The TaqI recognition sites (TCGA) in the long and short spacer regions are probably more highly methylated in T. monococcum than in T. aestivum. The results have implications regarding the evolutionary changes that occurred in the A genome of the hexaploid compared with the diploid.Key words: Triticum monococcum, 5S rDNA, 18S + 26S rDNA, in situ hybridization, Southern hybridization, restriction fragments, methylation.

Genome size, heterochromatin organisation, and ribosomal gene mapping in four species of Ribes

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1049-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Chiche ◽  
Spencer C Brown ◽  
Jean-Claude Leclerc ◽  
Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Fluorochrome Banding ◽  
Genome Organisation ◽  
Satellite Chromosome ◽  
26S Rdna

Four wild Ribes species (Ribes alpinum L., Ribes petraeum Wulf., Ribes rubrum L., and Ribes uva- crispa L.; all 2n = 2x = 16) were surveyed for their chromosome and genome organisation. Their genome size was assessed using flow cytometry. Ribes alpinum had 5.3% more nuclear DNA than did the three other species, whose average was 2C = 1.91 pg with 40.4% GC. In addition, GC- and AT-rich heterochromatin and rDNA (18S–5.8S–26S and 5S) patterns were studied using fluorochrome banding and double-target fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), respectively. Only GC-rich heterochromatin was detected, co-localizing with 18S–26S rDNA. Fluorochrome banding and FISH patterns revealed marked differences between species. Ribes alpinum and R. uva-crispa differed from R. rubrum and R. petraeum by the number of 18S–26S sites and the localization of 5S rDNA. Ribes alpinum and R. uva-crispa were differentiated by the number of 5S sites. Ribes rubrum and R. petraeum also differed by the number of 5S sites and by the size of the GC-rich band on the satellite chromosome pair. These results should contribute to a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships among these species.Key words: Ribes, flow cytometry, fluorochrome banding, FISH, rDNA, NORs.

scholarly journals Interindividual size heteromorphism of NOR and chromosomal location of 5S rRNA genes in Iheringichthys labrosus

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Augusto de Carvalho ◽  
Ana Lúcia Dias
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Telomeric Region ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
5S Rrna Genes ◽  
Iheringichthys Labrosus

Twenty-five specimens of Iheringichthys labrosus from the Capivara Reservoir were analysed cytogenetically. AgNORs were detected in a pair of ST chromosomes, in the telomeric region of the long arm. Some individuals showed size heteromorphism of this region between homologous chromosomes. Treatment with CMA3 displayed GC-rich regions corresponding to the AgNOR pair, plus other fluorescent staining. In situ hybridization by fluorescence (FISH) with the 18S rDNA probe showed only one pair of stained chromosomes, confirming the heteromorphism observed with AgNO3 and CMA3 in some individuals. The 5S rDNA probe revealed telomeric staining on the long arm of a pair of chromosomes of the ST-A group, probably different from the NOR pair.

scholarly journals Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Analysis of the Locations of the Oligonucleotides 5S rDNA, (AGGGTTT)3, and (TTG)6 in Three Genera of Oleaceae and Their Phylogenetic Framework

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Luo ◽  
Juncheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Cytogenetic Map ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Almost All

We report the cytogenetic map for a collection of species in the Oleaceae, and test similarities among the karyotypes relative to their known species phylogeny. The oligonucleotides 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), (AGGGTTT)3, and (TTG)6 were used as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes to locate the corresponding chromosomes in three Oleaceae genera: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Syringa oblata, Ligustrum lucidum, and Ligustrum × vicaryi. Forty-six small chromosomes were identified in four species. (AGGGTTT)3 signals were observed on almost all chromosome ends of four species, but (AGGGTTT)3 played no role in distinguishing the chromosomes but displayed intact chromosomes and could thus be used as a guide for finding chromosome counts. (TTG)6 and 5S rDNA signals discerned several chromosomes located at subterminal or central regions. Based on the similarity of the signal pattern (mainly in number and location and less in intensity) of the four species, the variations in the 5S rDNA and (TTG)6 distribution can be ordered as L. lucidum < L. × vicaryi < F. pennsylvanica < S. oblata. Variations have observed in the three genera. The molecular cytogenetic data presented here might serve as a starting point for further larger-scale elucidation of the structure of the Oleaceae genome, and comparison with the known phylogeny of Oleaceae family.

scholarly journals Evidence of incipient speciation in Astyanax scabripinnis species complex (Teleostei: Characidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Castro ◽  
Maurício O. Moura ◽  
Orlando Moreira-Filho ◽  
Oscar A. Shibatta ◽  
Mateus H. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Incipient Speciation ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Geometric Morphometry ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Karyotype Structure ◽  
Morphometry Analysis ◽  
Two Populations

Two populations of the Astyanax scabripinniscomplex, isolated by a waterfall with over 100 meters depth and inhabiting different altitudes of the same river (1850 m a.s.l. and 662 m a.s.l.) were compared in reproductive data, geometric morphometry, tooth morphology, anal-fin rays counts, and karyotype, in order to test the hypothesis of speciation between the two populations. The results in the geometric morphometry analysis showed differences between the populations. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) and canonical variance analysis revealed sexual dimorphism. Secondary sexual characters, such as hooks in the anal fin rays of the males are absent in the lower altitude population. Both populations had the same macro karyotype structure, except for the absence of B chromosomes in the lower altitude population. The fluorescence in situ hybridization showed differences for both markers (18S rDNA and 5S rDNA), and reproductive data suggests pre-zygotic reproductive isolation among the two populations. The data showed the absence of gene flow, indicating that an incipient speciation process has occurred, which leads the two populations to follow independent evolutionary pathways.

Comparative physical mapping of the 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA in three sorghum species

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijun Sang ◽  
George H Liang
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Terminal Position ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences

The physical locations of the 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA sequences were examined in three sorghum species by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using biotin-labeled heterologous 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA probe (pTa71). Each 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA locus occurred at two sites on the chromosomes in Sorghum bicolor (2n = 20) and S. versicolor (2n = 10), but at four sites on the chromosomes of S. halepense (2n = 40) and the tetraploid S. versicolor (2n = 20). Positions of the rDNA loci varied from the interstitial to terminal position among the four accessions of the three sorghum species. The rDNA data are useful for investigation of chromosome evolution and phylogeny. This study excluded S. versicolor as the possible progenitor of S. bicolor.Key words: Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum versicolor, Sorghum halepense, 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA, fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document