scholarly journals Η βιοηθική στην εκπαίδευση

Bioethica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Αλεξάνδρα Γλυκοφρύδη (Alexandra Glykofridi) ◽  
Μαρία Ζαπουνίδου (Maria Zapounidou)
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
University Education ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Primary And Secondary Education ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Bioethical Education ◽  
Global Agreement

During recent years, bioethics have become increasingly important as it has become clear that citizens of all ages will be called upon to take ethical decisions about the use of science and technology at some stage of their lives. Research shows that there is a global agreement on the need to teach more of these ethical and social issues related to science and technology at all levels of education.This article attempts to investigate the importance and role of bioethics in secondary and undergraduate university education. Examples of primary and secondary education curricula, their goals and their contribution to improving students' understanding of the different aspects of bioethics are presented. Then, it is attempted to review the situation of bioethics in universities curricula. The article analyzes the different philosophies of approaching bioethical education, its relation with human rights and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching strategies of integration and specialization.In conclusion, it seems that bioethics is worthwhile being joined together with other disciplines and integrated into a wider framework of effective and informed decision-making skills, whether the person is a health professional or a modern citizen.

scholarly journals Preparando o futuro: educação, ciência e tecnologia – suas implicações para a formação da cidadania

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (198) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Oliveira ◽  
Francisco César Barreto ◽  
Heitor Filho ◽  
Ivan Domingues ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Beirão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
University Education ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Education In Brazil

Focaliza algumas articulações entre educação, ciência e tecnologia, enfocando duas tendências correntes, sobre o papel da educação para a ciência e tecnologia e, em contraste, o papel da ciência e da tecnologia para a educação. As práticas científicas têm ganho grande flexibilidade nas últimas décadas. CT não está mais restrita às primitivas fronteiras, anteriormente demarcadas nos campos das ciências físicas e biológicas. Houve uma incorporação das humanidades e a inserção das tecnologias sociais. Nesta perspectiva, o artigo discute a questão da “humanização” da tecnologia, bem assim a possibilidade de reconectar ética, conhecimento e ação, com ênfase nos propósitos da educação, ciência e tecnologia com vistas à realização da cidadania. Quanto à educação superior, especificamente, o artigo analisa o assim chamado “boom” universitário, o colapso dos modelos napoleônico e humboldtiano (ambos elitistas) e a emergência do sistema americano (de acesso em massa ao ensino superior). Finalmente, discute alguns impasses peculiares à educação superior no Brasil e, em escala global, a busca por novas alternativas em resposta aos megadesafios de nosso tempo. Palavras-chave: educação superior; ciência, tecnologia e humanidades; modelos universitários; sistema brasileiro de ensino; educação cidadã. Abstract This article addresses a few central articulations among education, science and technology, by focusing on two current trends, namely the role of education for science and technology and, in contrast, the role of science and technology for education. Scientific practices have gained greater flexibility in the last decades. ST can no longer be narrowly contained within its former boundaries, previously drawn within the fields of physical and biological science. As a result, there has been an incorporation of the humanities, and the insertion of social technologies. In this perspective, the paper discusses the question of "humanization" of technology, as well as the possibility of reconnecting ethics, knowledge and action, with emphasis on the bearings of education, science and technology on the achievement of citizenship. With regard to higher education specifically, the paper analyses the so-called university boom, the collapse of the Napoleonic and Humboldtian models (both elitists) and the emergence of the American system (of mass access to higher learning). Finally, it discusses some impasses peculiar to higher education in Brazil, and, in global scale, the search for new alternatives in response to the mega challenges of our times. Keywords: higher education; science, technology and humanities; university models; brazilian model of university; education for citizenship.

scholarly journals The role of education in reducing poverty social exclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
Ioana Marin
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
University Education ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Legislative Procedures ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Stability

AbstractEducation provides a stable foundation for developing the societies of tomorrow, having a dual function since it fosters economic growth and represents a crucial instrument also for ensuring the stability of a society in terms of human welfare. The research was carried out through an econometric analysis based on a questionnaire as a quantitative measure. Through this study we intended to identify the standpoints of teachers activating in the Romanian pre-university education system and who activate in Bucharest and Prahova, on the research subject as well as correlations that exist between the study variables. Some key issues addressed by the study were determining the extent to which teachers believe that education can reduce poverty and social exclusion, measures that can minimize poverty and strategies for reshaping the educational services to improve their suitability for students. The results have shown that education can indeed promote the reduction of social issues but it steadily needs to be reformed to fulfil its scope. The findings can be of interest for institutions that establish legislative procedures in the educational field and can help to regenerate Romanian education. For the present-time societies, enabling social and economic wellbeing is both a target and a challenge, due to the persistent need of remaining competitive and the ongoing legal and economic reorganizations that appear during every country’s existence.

scholarly journals The Role of the Baskunchak Railway in the Development of the Salt Industry in the Astrakhan Governorate During the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Marina Marksovna Khairlapova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
University Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Railway System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Salt Industry ◽  
The 19Th Century

The research subject of this article is the salt industry in the Astrakhan Governorate during the second half of the 19th century. The article's research object is the role of the Baskunchak railway in the development of the salt industry in the Astrakhan Governorate during the second half of the 19th century. The chronological framework of this study encompasses the period from the second half of the 19th century, when precisely at this time the government policy changed to the state reorganization of the entire railway system in Russia in the reign of Alexander II, and later in the reign of Alexander III, on the discussed here example, construction and operation of the Baskunchak railway. The author provides a detailed comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of transporting salt along the Baskunchak railway compared with transportation by oxen, which leads to the affirmation that after its opening this railway became the most important economic artery in Russia. This work uses the problem-chronological method, the historical-descriptive method, the historical-comparative and historical-systemic methods. The novelty of this study lies in its detailed elaboration of a previously unstudied direction, such as the influence of the new railway on the development of the salt industry in the Astrakhan Governorate during the second half of the 19th century.The role of the Baskunchak railway in the growth of the salt industry in the Astrakhan Governorate during the second half of the 19th century is indisputable. The railway connecting Lake Baskunchak with Port Vladimir has opened the most reliable and convenient form of transport. The materials used in this work are relevant for use in university education processes in the Astrakhan region for teaching general and specialized courses in Russian history and other related disciplines.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

Drama in Education Reaching Beyond the “Art Form or Teaching Tool” Dichotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Irina Lešnik
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Drama In Education ◽  
History Curriculum ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Theatre Pedagogy ◽  
Emotional Level

Abstract In the following article we try to re-evaluate, the place drama occupies in contemporary elementary education. By limiting the role of drama to literature studies and theatre productions, we lose a greater potential Theatre Pedagogy has to offer to a much broader educational spectrum. The participatory practices of Theatre and Drama in Education (TiE, DiE) promote active learning, based on a most organic children’s activity - play. While students co-create the fictional world of drama, teacher's guidance is crucial in setting new challenges, encouraging students to find creative solutions and reflect on often-complex social issues. Because of its art component, drama challenges the participants on a cognitive as well as emotional level, becoming a truly transformational experience. As such, Drama in Education is especially useful when approaching sensitive and controversial topics. This thesis is presented on a case study observing Year 6 students at St’ Michael’s CE Academy in Birmingham, UK, using Drama in Education method as part of History curriculum.

Effectiveness of Tax Policy of Ukraine: Evidence and Economy Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Olena P. Slavkova ◽  
Oksana I Zhilinska ◽  
Maksym Palienko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
State Tax ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Tax Payments

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of tax policy in the country. The analysis of change of tax receipts to the state and local budgets is carried out. The role of tax payments in the economic development of the country is determined. The efficiency of the state tax policy in Ukraine is analyzed, its advantages and disadvantages are determined. The important role of tax payments in stimulating economic and social development is substantiated. The analysis of the elasticity of change of indicators of economic development of the country from the change of volume of tax receipts to the budget is carried out. The necessity of improving the existing policy of establishing, accrual, payment, and distribution of tax revenues as one of the most promising areas to stimulate economic growth is concluded. Keywords: tax policy, revenues, tax evasion, state budget, elasticity, economic development

Role of Nut Consumption in the Management of Cognitive Decline - A Mini-Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Klimova ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Martin Valis ◽  
Jakub Hort
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Review Study

Background: Currently, there is a significant increase in the number of older generation groups, which may result in serious economic and social issues. Therefore, there is a need to prolong the active life of these older individuals, especially by focusing on modifying lifestyle factors such as healthy nutrition. In fact, recent research has shown that, for example, nuts are an important part of people’s healthy diet because they have appeared to be neuroprotective compounds which might maintain or in some cases even improve people’s cognitive functions. Objective: The purpose of this review study is to explore the role of the nut nutrition in the maintenance and delay of cognitive decline among older individuals. Results: The findings indicate that the nut consumption may contribute to the delay of cognitive decline in aging. However, this nut diet is just one component of the multi-nutrient dietary intervention for health aging. Conclusion: More longitudinal controlled randomized studies have to be performed in this field to prove the efficacy of the nut nutrition for the delay of cognitive decline.

Imaging of Pancreatic-Neuroendocrine Tumours: An Outline of Conventional Radiological Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Affan Zamir ◽  
Wasim Hakim ◽  
Siraj Yusuf ◽  
Robert Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Direct Management ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Similar Imaging

IIntroduction: Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (p-NETs) are an important disease entity and comprise of peptide-secreting tumours often with a functional syndrome. : Accounting for a small percentage of all pancreatic tumours, they have a good overall survival rate when diagnosed early, with surgery being curative. The role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of these tumours is evident. However, the vast majority of patients will require extensive imaging in the form of conventional radiological techniques. It is important for clinicians to have a fundamental understanding of the p-NET appearances to aid prompt identification and to help direct management through neoplastic staging. Methods: This article will review the advantages and disadvantages of conventional radiological techniques in the context of p-NETs and highlight features that these tumours exhibit. Conclusion: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours are a unique collection of neoplasms that have markedly disparate clinical features but similar imaging characteristics. Most p-NETs are small and welldefined with homogenous enhancement following contrast administration, although larger and less welldifferentiated tumours can demonstrate areas of necrosis and cystic architecture with heterogeneous enhancement characteristics. : Prognosis is generally favourable for these tumours with various treatment options available. However, conventional radiological techniques will remain the foundation for the initial diagnosis and staging of these tumours, and a grasp of these modalities is extremely important for physicians.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Imaging in Glioma Management

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bledi C Brahimaj ◽  
Ryan B Kochanski ◽  
John J Pearce ◽  
Melike Guryildirim ◽  
Carter S Gerard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Glioma Surgery ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multiple Imaging

Abstract The goal of glioma surgery is maximal safe resection in order to provide optimal tumor control and survival benefit to the patient. There are multiple imaging modalities beyond traditional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that have been incorporated into the preoperative workup of patients presenting with gliomas. The aim of these imaging modalities is to identify cortical and subcortical areas of eloquence, and their relationship to the lesion. In this article, multiple modalities are described with an emphasis on the underlying technology, clinical utilization, advantages, and disadvantages of each. functional MRI and its role in identifying hemispheric dominance and areas of language and motor are discussed. The nuances of magnetoencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation in localization of eloquent cortex are examined, as well as the role of diffusion tensor imaging in defining normal white matter tracts in glioma surgery. Lastly, we highlight the role of stimulated Raman spectroscopy in intraoperative histopathological diagnosis of tissue to guide tumor resection. Tumors may shift the normal arrangement of functional anatomy in the brain; thus, utilization of multiple modalities may be helpful in operative planning and patient counseling for successful surgery.

scholarly journals Hospital chaplains as ethical consultants in making difficult medical decisions

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107096
Author(s):  
Waldemar Głusiec
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Hospital Chaplains ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Hospital Ethics ◽  
Bioethical Education ◽  
Further Development

Background and aimsFew Polish hospitals have Hospital Ethics Committee (HECs) and the services are not always adequate. In this situation, the role of HECs, in providing, among others, ethical advice on the discontinuation of persistent therapies, may be taken over by other entities. The aim of our research was to investigate, how often and on what issues hospital chaplains are asked for ethical advice in reaching difficult medical decisions.MethodsA survey of 100 Roman Catholic chaplains was conducted, that is, at least 10% of all chaplains currently working in Polish hospitals.ResultsOf the participants, 29% confirmed receiving requests for advice in making a morally difficult medical decision. Receiving this type of request was not conditional on the place of their service, duration of their pastoral mission or HEC membership. The largest group of chaplains (21%) encounter questions concerning the ethical dilemmas associated with discontinuing persistent therapy. Patients and their families most often raise issues related to the methods of birth control, and the medical staff raise the issue of termination of pregnancy—as reported by 9% and 15% of chaplains, respectively. Most of the chaplains asked for help (79%) experience a deficit of specialist knowledge in the area of medicine or ethics.ConclusionsIn order to improve the quality of ethical consultations in Polish hospitals, in addition to further development of HECs, it is postulated to develop a system for bioethical education of chaplains.

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