scholarly journals “Wrongful Life”: Βιοηθικές και Νομικές προεκτάσεις

Bioethica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Ιουλία Κουδουμά (Ioulia Koudouma)
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Impaired Child ◽  
Wrongful Life ◽  
Philosophical Questions

The present manuscript focuses on the special features of “wrongful life” cases and the ethical philosophical questions they arise. Our main goal is to conclude whether the handicapped child should be compensated by the doctor who negligently failed to diagnose or inform the child’s parents about potential birth defects. Is the doctor morally responsible? Should he be held liable for the existence of the impaired child? Can a life ever be considered a source of damage? Is handicapped life of less value?Through the analysis of moral and legal theories as well as the comparative overview of the international- basically European and Greek case law we find out that the moral evaluation of the doctor’s behavior is in coincidence with the general practice of courts to dismiss wrongful life lawsuits. Contrary to the argument for recognizing wrongful life actions based on the lack of social support structures for the vulnerable and retarded children, we conclude that their financial support is a matter of social policy and it should not be passed on the doctor who did not cause the impaired condition.

Abstract P089: Does Social Support Attenuate the Impact of Poverty Status on Body Mass Index?

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarri N Kershaw ◽  
Arlene L Hankinson ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
High Social Support ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Effect Measure Modification ◽  
Emotional Social Support ◽  
The Impact

Background: Chronic stress associated with living in poverty may lead to higher levels of adiposity due to the adoption of obesity-promoting stress coping behaviors. Social support may provide an alternative means of coping with stress, but very few studies have investigated whether high levels of social support can mitigate the adverse impact of poverty on adiposity. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that social support modified the association between poverty and BMI whereby the association of poverty with BMI was weaker among adults who reported higher social support. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008) participants ages 40+ (n=5,768) responded to questions about availability and adequacy of emotional social support (adequate, inadequate, and none) and about availability of financial support (yes/no). Poverty was defined as a poverty:income ratio ≤ 1.3. BMI (kg/m 2 ) was calculated from measured height and weight. Sex-stratified multivariable linear regression with interaction terms for poverty and each measure of social support were used to test for effect measure modification in the relationships between poverty and BMI. Associations of each measure of social support with BMI were modeled separately. Results: Approximately 74.7% of women and 78.3% of men reported adequate emotional support. Available financial support was reported by 80.3% of women and 73.6% of men. Among women, higher poverty was related to higher mean BMI (beta=0.96; SE=0.32). Women who reported adequate emotional support had lower BMI than those who reported inadequate support (beta= −0.83; SE=0.35). Those who reported no available emotional support also had marginally lower mean BMI than women who reported inadequate support (beta= −1.27; SE=0.65; P =0.06). Women who reported having available financial support had lower BMI than those who reported no financial support (beta= −0.97; SE=0.40). There were no significant social support*poverty interactions. The relationship between poverty and BMI was similar in magnitude across levels of emotional support. Poverty was related to higher mean BMI for women who reported available financial support (beta=1.14; SE=0.45) but there was no difference in BMI among those who reported none (beta=0.02; SE=0.54). Neither measure of support was associated with BMI among men. Conclusions: Inadequate emotional support was associated with higher mean BMI in women than those who reported adequate support and those who reported no support. Lack of financial support was also associated with higher mean BMI in women. High social support did not offset the impact of poverty on BMI among women, suggesting social support may not be a sufficient strategy for coping with the stress of poverty.

THE PHYSICIAN'S RESPONSIBILITY IN THE EDUCATION OF THE CEREBRAL PALSIED CHILD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-485
Author(s):  
William Berenberg
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
The Common

The issue at hand is not whether the physician should assume a responsible role in the education of a cerebral palsied child but rather how he might most effectively contribute. Any doctor who has ever identified himself with the care of normal children is totally familiar with the common questions relating to education, posed to him by their parents. Shall I enter him in school a year early? Should he repeat a grade? Does he need a small private school? Multiply these out to infinity and you approximate a fraction of the meaningful questions directed to the doctor in the instance of any handicapped child.

scholarly journals Maternal Stressors and Social Support as Risks for Delivering Babies with Structural Birth Defects

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan L. Carmichael ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
Sarah Tinker ◽  
Sonia A. Rasmussen ◽  
Gary M. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Birth Defects

Women in Clinical Trials: Are Sponsors Liable for Fetal Injury?

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Sandomire
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Morning Sickness ◽  
Experimental Drug ◽  
The Doors

Calls for the inclusion of women in clinical trials raise the obvious question: why have sponsors excluded them? The answer most often given is one tragically evocative word: Thalidomide. The tragedies of the children born with seal limbs because their mothers took this over-the-counter sleeping pill and cure for morning sickness showed that, contrary to previous perceptions, the placenta could not be depended upon to filter out toxins before they reached the fetus. The specter of birth defects spawned sponsors’ fears of a variety of catastrophes which contributed to closing the doors of clinical trials for women.This paper will not argue that the possibility of birth defects arising from the ingestion of an experimental drug does not exist. Sadly, scientists do not yet have the ability to predict which drugs will cause birth defects. Rather, it will argue that case law does not provide a basis for sponsor liability when a woman gives informed consent and the regulations governing clinical trials are followed.

scholarly journals Social support as a mediator variable of the relationship between depression and life satisfaction in a sample of Saudi caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatha Jamil Khusaifan ◽  
Mogeda El Sayed El Keshky
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
King Abdulaziz University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mediator Variable ◽  
Made In

The authors would like to apologise for an error made in the acknowledgement of the above mentioned article.In the acknowledgement section of the article, paragraph ‘This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant no. (G-282/ 724246/1436). The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR for technical and financial support’.Should read:This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant no. (G-282-246-36). The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR for technical and financial support’.

scholarly journals Seth et al. Scale of Perceived Social Support for Elderly

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Seth ◽  
T. B. Singh ◽  
Mona Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Physical Support

The purpose of the study was to develop a scale to assess the perceived social- support comprising of five components among elderly in India. These five components are overall life perception, emotional support, physical support, nutritional support and financial support. Sample comprised of 103 elderly people of age 60 years and above (63 male and 40 female) living in urban area of Varanasi. Single stage cluster sampling was used to select the respondents and pre-tested and structured scheduled method was employed for data collection. A self developed 64-items was introduced earlier and 57-items in the final scale. These items were assessed through 4 point Likert scale. Mean, Median, Standard deviation, higher and lower values etc. of total score were calculated. The reliability of the scale was calculated by administering Cronbach-alpha. The Gutman split-half coefficient was found 0.77, indicating higher reliability of the test. Construct validity of the test was determined by finding coefficient of correlation between scores and reliability of the scores. It was found 0.98, showing highly validity.

scholarly journals Maternal/Child Social Support and Food Security in Relation to Child Height and Bmi in Four Low- and Middle- Income Countries: Mediation Analysis of Young Lives Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Lee ◽  
In Han Song ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Child Height ◽  
Child Nutritional Status ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract BackgroundPoor nutritional status in childhood is associated with an elevated risk of mortality and morbidity later in life. Previous studies showed a positive association between specific types of social capital and child nutritional status. Our study examined whether improved food security mediates the impact of maternal and child social support on child height and body mass index (BMI) in four low- and middle-income countries.Methods We used data from the Young Lives cohort study comprising roughly 1,000 children at age 8 and 12 in Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, and Peru. Outcome variables were z-score for height (HAZ) and BMI (BAZ). Results Belonging to the top half of maternal financial support and child financial support was positively associated with child HAZ at age 12 in Peru. Belonging to top half of overall maternal support among children aged 8 in Vietnam, and maternal financial support among children aged 12 in India were also positively associated with child BAZ. A positive association of food security was only found with maternal financial support among children aged 12 in Peru. However, food security did not play a significant role in mediating the effect of maternal financial support on child HAZ at age 12. ConclusionsStrengthening social support to improve child nutritional status may not be a sufficient intervention in resource-poor settings because sources of supports may lack sufficient food resources to share. Considering between-country heterogeneity, a “one size fits all” approach for enhancing social capital may not be appropriate.

Claiming Maintenance from Children: The Malaysian Legal Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Syuhaeda Aeni Mat Ali ◽  
Azhani Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Paper Review ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Secondary Materials

Objective - This paper aims to examine the rights and legal position on maintenance of parents in Malaysia, and further to determine whether there is a need to enact laws to enforce children to care and provide maintenance for their aging and/ or disabled parents. Methodology/Technique - Research methodologies applied are a legal analysis of the primary and secondary materials and comparative study. Analysis of the data will be done via examining the existing materials including statutory provisions, case law and other legal and non-legal literatures relating to the law of maintenance. In discussing on the need to legislate such law, this study will look at Singapore and India which have enacted legislation governing maintenance of parents. Findings - The analysis reveals thatthere is no substantive law in Malaysia which imposes upon the children the responsibility to maintain the aged and incapacitated parents. Therefore, serious consideration should be given to obligate the children to maintain and provide financial support to their aged and elderly parents. Novelty - This paper highlights the need for legislative reform in enforcing children to care and provide maintenance for their aged and/or disabled parents; whilst prior studies mainly emphasis the matter from social perspective. Type of Paper: Review Keywords : Maintenance of parents; financial support; children; civil and Shariah law

How to Play with Your Partially Sighted Preschool Child: Suggestions for Early Sensory and Educational Activities

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 457-471
Author(s):  
M. Adelaide Barry
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Impaired Child ◽  
Visually Handicapped ◽  
Partially Sighted

The purpose of endorsing a systematic and logical program of visual stimulation is to bring the visually impaired child into a world of functional reality. Specifically, an infant can be perceptually reinforced and “rerouted” to seeing by making optimum use of available equipment such as an infant seat, walker, backpack, jumper, records, and special television programs. Familiarizing the infant with colors, shapes, and written symbols and initiating him to basic reading at the same time that he is proceeding through critical periods and entering certain stages strengthens his self-determination and prepares him for the mandatory school curriculum. Success in responding to challenges is important to an infant's unfolding personality and produces psychological confidence. Visual stimulation encourages the visually handicapped child and such encouragement, in turn, facilitates his search for personal achievement in adult years.

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