scholarly journals Ηθική και Δεοντολογία στη Χρησιμοποίηση Ζώων στη Βιοϊατρική Έρευνα

Bioethica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Κωστομητσόπουλος (Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos)
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Ethical Justification ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Responsibility Of Scientists ◽  
Selection Of

Despite all the benefits, the use of animals in biomedical research was, and still is, a subject of debate with respect to its true usefulness. The sensitivity of the community and the interest of scientists working in the field of Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare have clearly demonstrated that the use of animals in biomedical research must be conducted under specific scientific, legal and ethical rules.The ethical justification of a research project starts from the initial designing phase of the project until the completion of the study and the review of the obtained results. Main considerations of an ethical documentation are: the precise definition of the goals of the project and the existing probabilities for its success; the selection of the appropriate animal model, the implementation of the 3Rs’ concept for replacement, reduction and refinement; a pilot study and a systematic review of previously published animal research on the topic; the availability of the appropriate facilities, equipment and expertise to guarantee high standards of animal accommodation, husbandry, care and use. The ethical documentation of a project by scientists themselves involves teamwork and a sustainable rather than a one-off procedure.The ethical justification of the laboratory animal research protocols reflects the interest and the responsibility of scientists for reduction and refinement of animal experimentation. This process built a trust relationship between scientists and the society.

scholarly journals Ethics and laboratory animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
N. KOSTOMITSOPOULOS (Ν. ΚΩΣΤΟΜΗΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Ethical Justification ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
High Standards

Despite all the benefits, the use of animals in biomedical research was, and still is, a subject of debate with respect to its true usefulness. The sensitivity of the community and the interest of scientists working in the field of laboratory animal science and welfare have clearly demonstrated that the use of animals in biomedical research must be conducted under specific scientific, legal and ethical rules. The ethical justification of a research project starts from the initial designing phase of the project until the completion of the study and the review of the obtained results. Main considerations of an ethical documentation are: the precise definition of the goals of the project and the existing probabilities for its success, the selection of the appropriate animal model, the implementation of the 3Rs' concept for replacement, reduction and refinement, a cost/benefit analysis on the expected benefits for science and society with direct consideration to the harm created to animals, a pilot study and a systematic review of previously published animal research on the topic, the availability of the appropriate facilities, equipment and expertise to guarantee high standards of animal accommodation, husbandry, care and use. The ethical documentation of a project by scientists themselvesinvolves team work and a sustainable rather than a one-off procedure. The ethical justification of the laboratory animal research protocols reflects the interest and the responsibility of scientists for reduction and refinement of animal experimentation. Thisprocess built a trust relationship between scientists and the society.

scholarly journals The ethical justification for the use of animals in biomedical research

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Kostomitsopoulos ◽  
S.F. Djurasevic
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ethical Justification ◽  
True Value ◽  
Ethical Review Process ◽  
Responsibility Of Scientists

Despite all the benefits, the use of animals in biomedical research is still a subject of debate with respect to its true value. The sensitivity of the community and the interest of scientists who work in the field of laboratory animal science and welfare have clearly demonstrated that the use of animals in biomedical research must be conducted under specific scientific, legal and ethical rules. The ethical justification of a research project starts from its initial designing phase until its completion and the review of the obtained results. Justification of the necessity of the project and the need to use animals in the interests of human or animal health, the importance of conducting a pilot study and a systematic review of previously published animal research on the topic, and the availability of the proper facilities, equipment and personnel are the main issues of concern in the ethical review of a research project. The ethical justification of the proposed project by the scientists themselves involves team-work, and should be a sustainable rather than a one-off procedure. This justification reflects the interest and the responsibility of scientists to reduce the number of animals, refine the procedures, and possibly replace animals in their research projects. The end-results of the ethical review process will be the creation of a trust relationship between scientists and society. .

Incorporating Laboratory Animal Science into Responsible Biomedical Research

ILAR Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Wayne Barbee ◽  
Patricia V Turner
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
Research Fraud ◽  
Laboratory Animal Science

Abstract Biomedical research has made great strides in the past century leading to rapid advances in human life expectancy, all derived from improved understanding, prevention, and treatment of many diseases and conditions. Research involving laboratory animals has played a significant role in this medical progress. However, there continues to be controversy surrounding the use of animals in research, and animal models have been questioned regarding their relevance to human conditions. While research fraud and questionable research practices could potentially contribute to this problem, we argue that a relative ignorance of laboratory animal science has contributed to the “uncontrolled vivarium experiment” that runs parallel to the more controlled scientific experiment. Several variables are discussed, including husbandry, animal environment, social housing, and more, that can contribute to this uncontrolled experiment, and that can simultaneously decrease quality of life for rodent test subjects when ignored. An argument is put forward that laboratory animal veterinarians and scientists can and should play an important role in better controlling such variables. Similarly, the laboratory animal veterinarian and scientist should play an important role in responsible science by addressing complex interdisciplinary challenges.

Twenty years on-changes in laboratory animal science

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
John Seamer
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Laboratory Animal Science

Changes in laboratory animal science in the 20 years since George Porter's death are reviewed, with particular emphasis on animal welfare. The need for a generally acceptable definition of animal welfare is emphasized and a new definition is propounded. The concept of stewardship as a basis for human-animal relationships is explored. This involves Man accepting his responsibility for his relationship with, and care of, animals while simultaneously accepting a moral responsibility to God, or others, for that care and relationship.

Rabbits and men: relating their ages

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulagna Dutta ◽  
Pallav Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Volume Responsiveness ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Laboratory Rabbit ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Rabbit, a member of the Lagomorpha order, is the closest phylogenetic relative to humans, next to primates. It possesses greater acceptability as a laboratory mammal than primates in terms of husbandry, breeding ease, cost effectiveness, and legal ethical conveniences. Moreover, as a laboratory animal, the rabbit also owns its advantages over mice or rats, in terms of phylogenetic resemblance to human, size, blood volume, responsiveness, and other congruences enabling them to better imitate human physiological characteristics in biomedical research. A specific research aspires to effectuate its outcome on a particular human age group, for which it is pivotal to select a laboratory rabbit of exact age, which will correlate with that specific age of a human, which is currently based on mere approximation. This article is the first ever scientific venture, focused to swap this approximation of laboratory rabbit age with accuracy by relating it with that of humans analyzing different phases of life individually. Considering the diminutive lifespan of rabbits compared to humans, the correlation of their age with respect to the entire lifespan, which we found out to be 45.625 days compared to one human year, is not enough. Thereby, like our previous articles that formulated concise relation of age of laboratory rats and mice with human age, in this article also, we aim to aid biomedical research specificity in the selection of laboratory model age, separately correlating different life phases of humans with that of rabbits, the second mostly used mammal in 2016 in the United States.

scholarly journals Fair assessment of the merits of psychiatric research

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Lewison ◽  
Graham Thornicroft ◽  
George Szmukler ◽  
Michele Tansella
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

BackgroundUse of bibliometric assessments of research quality is growing worldwide. So far, a narrow range of metrics have been applied across the whole of biomedical research. Without specific sets of metrics, appropriate to each sub-field of research, biased assessments of research excellence are possible.AimsTo discuss the measures used to evaluate the merits of psychiatric biomedical research, and to propose a new approach using a multidimensional selection of metrics appropriate to each particular field of medical research.MethodThree steps: (a) a definition of scientific ‘domains', (b) translating these into ‘filters' to identify publications from bibliometric databases, leading to (c) the creation of standardised measures of merit.ResultsWe propose using: (a) established metrics such as impact factor: and citation indices, (b) new derived measures such as the ‘worldscale’ score, and (c) new indicators based on journal peer esteem, impact on clinical practice, medical education and health policy.ConclusionsNo single index or metric can be used as a fair rating to compare nations, universities, research groups, or individual investigators across biomedical science. Rather, we propose using a multidimensional profile composed of a carefully selected array of such metrics.

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