scholarly journals ENRICHMENT FACTORS OF HEAVY METALS IN IRON - MANGANESE CONCRETIONS FROM IMPERFECTLY DRAINED SOILS

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Δ. Γασπαράτος ◽  
Κ. Χαϊντούτη ◽  
Δ. Ταρενίδης ◽  
Α. Τσαγκαλίδης
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Charged Surfaces ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The Fe-Mn concretions are morphological features of soils under alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions. They have a high adsorption capacity for many inorganic pollutants, like heavy metals. This study determines the enrichment factors of Fe, Μη, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd in Fe-Mn concretions collected from imperfectly -drained soils in Central Greece. The data show that the concretions absorbed significant amounts of heavy metals and especially of lead and cadmium from the soil system. According to the enrichment factors, the affinity of heavy metals for the concretions due to the charged surfaces of iron and manganese oxides, follow the order Pb>Cd>Mn>Co>Ni>Fe. McKenzie (1980) also found adsorption of cobalt, manganese, nickel and lead at the same order on nine synthetic manganese oxides while Nimfopoulos et al. (1997) showed that the mobility of the metals at karst cavities enriched with Mn oxides followed the order Na>K>Mg>Sr>Mn>As>Zn>Ba>AI>Fe>Cu>Cd>Pb.

Iron and manganese release in coal mine drainage wetland microcosms

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Tarutis ◽  
R. F. Unz
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The primary mechanisms responsible for the removal and retention of iron, manganese, and sulfate in constructed wetlands receiving acidic mine drainage (AMD) include the formation of metal oxides and sulfides within the sediments. This study was initiated to determine the kinetics of metal ion liberation, under reducing conditions, from synthetic and naturally occurring iron and manganese oxides typically found in AMD precipitates. Rates of metal ion liberation were determined during time series incubations of an organic substrate (spent mushroom compost) to which five metal oxides of varying crystallinity (amorphous and crystalline oxides of iron and manganese; natural AMD oxide) were added. All experiments were carried out in silicone-sealed polycarbonate centrifuge tubes incubated at 22°C for a period of 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 or 28 days. Tubes were sacrificed after each incubation period and were analyzed for redox potential, pH, sulfide, and metals. All tubes exhibited reducing potentials within 3 days coupled with rapidly increasing concentrations of iron and manganese. Liberation of iron and manganese decreased with increasing mineral crystallinity (amorphous > natural AMD ≫ crystalline). The results suggest that metal ion liberation from oxide minerals may be an important source of iron and manganese within constructed wetlands receiving AMD.

EXISTING AND POSSIBLE NEW GLEYSOLIC ORDER CRITERIA APPLIED TO FIVE PEDONS FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKEAGUE ◽  
C. TARNOCAI ◽  
H. A. LUTTMERDING
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Iron And Manganese ◽  
Do So

Use of the current criteria for distinguishing Gleysolic soils from gleyed intergrades to other soil classes resulted in the apparent misclassification of some soils in British Columbia. Pedologists of the area selected five pedons encompassing several degrees of expression of gley features. Current classification criteria based on soil color and possible new differentiating features based on chemical and micromorphological analyses were applied in considering the classification of the soils. Application of the current specific color criteria involving low chromas and prominent mottling result in the classification of three pedons in the Gleysolic order and two in gleyed subgroups of other orders. This classification was appropriate in the view of B.C. pedologists except for one Gleysolic pedon in which the water table is rarely within 1 m of the surface. Prior to drainage, however, the soil was probably saturated to the surface and under reducing conditions for prolonged periods each year. Thus, classification as a Gleysolic soil is appropriate as it probably reflects the prevailing conditions and processes during most of the period of soil genesis.Segregation of iron and manganese as nodules and coatings was most marked in the Gleysolic pedons. Walls of some voids were bleached due to depletion of iron oxides. Though study of thin sections, bulk chemical analysis and analysis of specific features by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXRA) were useful in providing information on soil properties, they did not indicate an improved basis for differentiating Gleysolic soils from others. The color criteria used to distinguish soils of the Gleysolic order do not necessarily reflect the current soil water regime, and they are not intended to do so. The current criteria resulted in the appropriate classification of the five soils. Key words: Gleying, reduction, iron, manganese, micromorphology, SEM-EDXRA

scholarly journals AAS DETECTION OF HEAVY METAL IN SHEEP CHEESE (THE BANAT AREA, ROMANIA)

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gogoaşă ◽  
I. Gergen ◽  
Maria Rada ◽  
D. Parvul ◽  
Camelia Ciobanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Iron Manganese

. In this paper we present results of the measurement of some heavy metals in sheep cheese samples from three hill and alpine areas in the Banat area. We analysed, using flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, the following heavy metals: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd. The concentration ranges in the cheese samples were: 7.22-8.85, 1.36-1.83, 17.39-23.17, 0.691-0.886, 0.020-0.102, 0.002-0.010, 0,214-0.225, 0.193-0.314 and 0.001-0.003 mg/kg for iron, manganese, zinc, cooper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, lead and cadmium, respectively. Analysing experimental data shows that the specific soil and climate factors in the area favour cheese assortments with normal heavy metal contents under the form of essential elements and of low concentrations of heavy metals potentially toxic or toxic much below admitted toxicity levels.

Relict joints in completely decomposed volcanics in Hong Kong

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Iron And Manganese

In a major cutting in the completely decomposed volcanics in Hong Kong, closely spaced relict joints were found throughout the residual soil. The persistence of the exposed joint surfaces varies from several centimetres to more than 10 m. The joint surfaces, which are generally smooth and sometimes slickensided, are usually coated with a thin black-brown deposit. The origin of this deposit is believed to be the precipitation of iron-manganese decomposition products that have filled the joints in the parent rock during the course of weathering. Chemical analyses carried out on typical specimens have confirmed a high concentration of iron and manganese oxides. Results of laboratory shear strength testing show that the peak strength parameters along joint surfaces and of the intact material are: c′ = 0, [Formula: see text] and c′ = 6 kPa, [Formula: see text] respectively. Analyses of joint survey data indicate that relict joint orientations occur in systematic major sets and that joint spacings roughly follow a Poisson distribution.

scholarly journals Microbial Geochemistry Reflecting Sulfur, Iron, Manganese, and Calcium Sources in the San Diego River Watershed, Southern California USA

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Eleanora Robbins ◽  
Shannon Quigley-Raymond ◽  
Ming Lai ◽  
Janae Fried
Keyword(s):  
San Diego ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
A Site ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Microbial populations involved in forming the distinctive precipitates of S, Fe, Mn, and Ca in the San Diego River watershed reflect an interplay between the mineralogy of the rocks in the watershed, sparse rainfall, ground- and surface-water anoxia, and runoff of high sulfate, treated imported water. In the sparsely developed headwaters, the Temescal Creek tributary emerges from pyrite-bearing metamorphic rocks, and thus exhibits both an oxidized Fe and reduced S. In the middle reaches, the river moves through developed land where treated, imported high sulfate Colorado River water enters from urban runoff. Mast Park surrounded by caliche-bearing sedimentary rocks is a site where marl is precipitating. Cobbles in riffles along the river are coated black with Mn oxide. When the river encounters deep-seated volcanic bedrock, it wells up to precipitate both Fe and Mn oxides at the Old Mission Dam. Then, directly flowing through caliche-laced sedimentary rocks, Birchcreek tributary precipitates tufa. Further downstream at a site under a bridge that blocks sunlight, a sulfuretum sets up when the river is deoxygenated. Such a rich geochemistry results in activity of iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria, sulfur oxidizers and reducers, and cyanobacteria precipitating calcareous marl and tufa.

Traitement physico-chimique d'une eau souterraine fortement chargée en fer et en manganèse

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-641
Author(s):  
Catherine Lessard ◽  
Donald Ellis ◽  
Jean Sérodes ◽  
Christian Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Target Area ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Conventional greensand treatment for the removal of iron and manganese from groundwater is not quite appropriate for waters with a high content of iron and manganese. In this pilot study, different modifications to this process were tested to improve treatment performances for water with a high concentration of iron and manganese: addition of a settling tank, use of sand and anthracite covered with manganese oxides, and aeration. Different oxidants and oxidation sequences were also tested. Results show that the presence of a high quantity of iron significantly improves removal of manganese. These results also confirm that manganese oxidation can be realized with free chlorine inside a filter bed other than greensand, provided that the excess of free chlorine is sufficient. Within the conditions studied, the target area for filtration performances can be attained for every treatment sequence tested and for a filtering aid dose ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/L. Although groundwater aeration leads to better settling performances, it also accelerates head loss in the filtering bed when a filtering aid is present.Key words: groundwater, iron, manganese, pilot study, treatment, separation.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Paper Mill Effluent Soil Using Croton sparsiflorus

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ashok Kumar ◽  
S. Jothiramalingam ◽  
S.K. Thiyagarajan ◽  
T. Hidhayathullakhan ◽  
R. Nalini
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Metallic Cations ◽  
Metal Load ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Iron Manganese

Effluents from industries contain appreciable amount of metallic cations like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, lead and cadmium. Release of heavy metal without proper treatment poses a significant threat to public health because of its persistence biomagnifications and accumulation in food chain. To reduce metal pollution problems many processes have been developed for the treatment and disposal of metal containing wastes. Certain plants have the ability to accumulate heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn. At present, phytoremediation of metals may be approaching commercialization. Hence, possibility can be explored to remove heavy metal load, present even in low concentration, in waste water of paper mill effluent soil by using Croton sparsiflorus.

Trace Metals in Edible Tissues of Livestock and Poultry

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E Coleman ◽  
Robert S Elder ◽  
Parthaprattim Basu ◽  
Gary P Koppenaal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Heifer Calf

Abstract Data from a random-sampling study are presented for trace metals in edible tissues of livestock (bovine including bull, steer, cow, heifer, calf; ovine including mature sheep and lambs; porcine including market hogs, boar/stag, and sow) and poultry (including young and mature chicken, young turkey, and duck). Tissue homogenates were ashed, and residual materials were dissolved in hydrochloric acid for analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Statistical summaries of data are provided for the trace metals lead, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc. The heavy metals of toxicological concern, lead and cadmium, are emphasized in this study. Lead and cadmium were rarely detected in muscle (0.2-0.5% positive among 2314 animals sampled). Lead was also infrequently detected in liver (1.8% positive) and kidney (2.4% positive). Nearly 46% of livers analyzed were positive for cadmium, and approximately 78% of kidney samples were positive for cadmium. No regulatory limits are established in the United States for the trace metals reported in this study, although restrictions on the use of kidneys from mature poultry as human food have been established because of concern about potential cadmium levels. Kidneys from this study, more frequently than livers, bore cadmium levels that exceeded the regulatory limits of other countries or organizations. Regulatory implications of the data are discussed.

scholarly journals The total content of macronutrients and heavy metals in the soil on devastated lands at Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Vasyl M. Savosko ◽  
Yuliia V. Bielyk ◽  
Yuriy V. Lykholat ◽  
Hermann Heilmeier ◽  
Ivan P. Grygoryuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Iron Manganese

he relevance of the research is due to the need to develop technologies for phytoremediation of the devastated lands in the mining and metallurgical regions of Ukraine and the world. In this regard, the creation of tree plantations adapted to the ecological conditions of such territories is considered by many experts as the most promising option for innovative technologies. However, the development of artificial woodlands requires knowledge of the pedogeochemical characteristics of devastated lands. The aim of the work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the macronutrients and heavy metals gross forms content in the soils of the devastated lands of the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. The field studies focused on five contrasting monitoring sites of the Petrovsky dump (Central Kryvorizhzhya), which has a typical age and composition of rocks for the region. Soil sampling, drying, sieving, and sample preparation (sintering in a muffle furnace) were done in accordance with classical techniques. The concentrations of macronutrients (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and phosphorus) and heavy metals (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium) were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS) X-Series 2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The analytical part of our research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of the Institute of Biosciences, Freiberg University of Technology and Mining Academy (Freiberg, Germany). At monitoring sites, significant differences were found in the content of macronutrients gross forms, and their variation relative to the control values as well. Potassium and sodium concentrations generally differed slightly or were close to control levels. The results of determining the content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus indicate a significant deficiency or excess of these macronutrients in the soils of the devastated lands. An increased sulfur content was found in the soils of all monitoring sites, in some cases 4 times higher than the control level. The measured content of gross forms of iron, manganese, copper, cadmium and, partially, zinc in the soils of different monitoring sites exceeded the control values by 5.5 – 5.9 times. Thus, the analysis of the research results made it possible to establish that the soils of the devastated lands of the Petrovsky dump are characterized by unfavorable properties for the growth of most species of woody plants.

scholarly journals Immobilization of Radionuclides and Heavy Metals through Anaerobic Bio-Oxidation of Fe(II)

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2704-2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Lack ◽  
Swades K. Chaudhuri ◽  
Shelly D. Kelly ◽  
Kenneth M. Kemner ◽  
Susan M. O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Atomic Radius ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Oxide Surfaces ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Inner Sphere Complexes ◽  
Iron And Manganese

ABSTRACT Adsorption of heavy metals and radionuclides (HMR) onto iron and manganese oxides has long been recognized as an important reaction for the immobilization of these compounds. However, in environments containing elevated concentrations of these HMR the adsorptive capacity of the iron and manganese oxides may well be exceeded, and the HMR can migrate as soluble compounds in aqueous systems. Here we demonstrate the potential of a bioremediative strategy for HMR stabilization in reducing environments based on the recently described anaerobic nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation by Dechlorosoma species. Bio-oxidation of 10 mM Fe(II) and precipitation of Fe(III) oxides by these organisms resulted in rapid adsorption and removal of 55 μM uranium and 81 μM cobalt from solution. The adsorptive capacity of the biogenic Fe(III) oxides was lower than that of abiotically produced Fe(III) oxides (100 μM for both metals), which may have been a result of steric hindrance by the microbial cells on the iron oxide surfaces. The binding capacity of the biogenic oxides for different heavy metals was indirectly correlated to the atomic radius of the bound element. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the uranium was bound to the biogenically produced Fe(III) oxides as U(VI) and that the U(VI) formed bidentate and tridentate inner-sphere complexes with the Fe(III) oxide surfaces. Dechlorosoma suillum oxidation was specific for Fe(II), and the organism did not enzymatically oxidize U(IV) or Co(II). Small amounts (less than 2.5 μM) of Cr(III) were reoxidized by D. suillum; however, this appeared to be inversely dependent on the initial concentration of the Cr(III). The results of this study demonstrate the potential of this novel approach for stabilization and immobilization of HMR in the environment.

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