Positional Effect on Columella Cells of Arabidopsis Primary Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
甜 王
Keyword(s):  
Positional Effect ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Columella Cells

Observations of the Golgi Apparatus in Pisum Primary Roots

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Gordon C. Spink
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Columella Cells

It is known that the product of the Golgi apparatus vesicles is deposited at and localized in the cell wall. This is accomplished by the formation of the hypertrophied dictyosomes and the subsequent movement of these vesicles to the plasma membrane (Fig. 1). After fusion with the plasma membrane, the secreted material is released into the cell wall area and, in some plants under appropriate conditions, moves outward through the cell wall and appears as a droplet on the root tip.In primary roots of Pisum sativum, var. Alaska (common garden pea) the Golgi apparatus vesicle product accumulates between the plasma membrane and the cell wall, particularly in those cells at the extreme tip of the root. These cells are formed at the acropetal end of the columella cells.

Geoperception in primary and lateral roots of Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae). II. Intracellular distribution of organelles in columella cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1090-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Steven Ransom ◽  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Columella Cells ◽  
Primary And Lateral Roots ◽  
Cellular Components

A morphometric analysis of the ultrastructures of columella cells in primary and lateral roots of Phaseolus vulgaris was performed to determine the precise location of cellular components in these cells. Roots were fixed in situ to preserve the in vivo ultrastructure of the cells. All cellular components in columella cells of both types of roots were distributed asymmetrically. The nucleus and vacuome were located primarily in the middle third of both types of columella cells. Dictyosomes, mitochondria, and amyloplasts were most abundant in the lower third of the columella cells in both types of roots. The distribution of amyloplasts was the most asymmetrical of all cellular components examined, with the lower third of the columella cells containing approximately 90% of the relative volume of amyloplasts in both types of roots. The distribution of cellular components in columella cells of primary roots was not significantly different from that of columella cells of lateral roots. These results indicate that differences in georesponsiveness of primary and lateral roots of P. vulgaris are probably due to factors other than the ultrastructures of their individual columella cells.

Growth of White Clover with and without Primary Roots 1

Crop Science ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pryce B. Gibson ◽  
James L. Trautner
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Primary Roots

scholarly journals How grow-and-switch gravitropism generates root coiling and root waving growth responses in Medicago truncatula

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (42) ◽  
pp. 12938-12943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzer Han Tan ◽  
Jesse L. Silverberg ◽  
Daniela S. Floss ◽  
Maria J. Harrison ◽  
Christopher L. Henley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Rigid Barrier ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Root Waving

Experimental studies show that plant root morphologies can vary widely from straight gravity-aligned primary roots to fractal-like root architectures. However, the opaqueness of soil makes it difficult to observe how environmental factors modulate these patterns. Here, we combine a transparent hydrogel growth medium with a custom built 3D laser scanner to directly image the morphology of Medicago truncatula primary roots. In our experiments, root growth is obstructed by an inclined plane in the growth medium. As the tilt of this rigid barrier is varied, we find Medicago transitions between randomly directed root coiling, sinusoidal root waving, and normal gravity-aligned morphologies. Although these root phenotypes appear morphologically distinct, our analysis demonstrates the divisions are less well defined, and instead, can be viewed as a 2D biased random walk that seeks the path of steepest decent along the inclined plane. Features of this growth response are remarkably similar to the widely known run-and-tumble chemotactic behavior of Escherichia coli bacteria, where biased random walks are used as optimal strategies for nutrient uptake.

Morphometrics of the aerial roots of Kingia australis (Liliales)

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Stem Apex ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Aerial Roots ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Potential Height

Kingia australis, common in the heaths and forests of south-western Australia, is distinguished from all other grass trees in Australia by the presence of a mantle of concealed aerial roots. A ring of up to 50 root primordia is initiated in winter from the stem apex. In plants more than 1 m high, initiation and commencement of elongation of the primary roots are no longer annual but dependent on the fire history of the plant. These roots descend between the stem and persistent leaf bases at about 2 cm per growing month, sending many lateral branches among the leaf bases. Aerial roots gradually replace the space occupied by the leaf bases until they may account for 45% of the dry weight of the aerial caudex. The caudex of one 6-m-high specimen bore up to 27 roots per cm2 transection of the root mantle, with about 3000 primary roots entering the soil. All underground primary roots (except the initial contractile roots) have an aerial origin and are concentrated vertically under the canopy. After 300-400 years the stem starts to die back from the base, and the aerial roots attached to that portion disintegrate. By propping up the stem and bridging the dead zone of the stem, the living aerial roots greatly extend the potential height and longevity of the plant. In addition, the hairy laterals are ideally located to absorb water and nutrients directly from the leaf bases. Protective and aerating functions are also indicated.

Early Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis root development. 2. Influence of soil strength

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Costantini ◽  
D Doley ◽  
HB So
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Primary Shoot ◽  
Primary Roots

The influence of penetration resistance (PR), an easily measured indicator of soil strength, on the growth of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis radicles and seedlings was investigated. Negative exponential relationships between PR and both radicle and primary root elongation were observed. All root elongation ceased at PR levels of 3.25 MPa. Tip diameters of radicles and primary roots were positively correlated with PR values up to 2.4 MPa, whilst numbers of primary roots, total root lengths and lengths of longest roots were all negatively correlated with PR. Hypocotyl elongation was also reduced by increasing PR, although the reductions occurred at higher PRs than those which inhibited root development. In contrast, primary shoot development was unaffected by PR levels which were sufficient to stop root elongation, but was reduced in soil with a PR of 4.8 MPa. There were significant family x soil type and family x PR interactions for radicle, hypocotyl, primary root and primary shoot development. 1f these interactions are correlated with performance in the field, then they may serve as useful indicators of family suitability to both soil type and high strength soils.

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