scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Quality on Household Health Care Expenditure

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144
Author(s):  
佳慧 耿
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

The Effect of Health Expenditure and Immunisation on Under-Five Mortality Rate in Selected African Countries.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred EBOH ◽  
Steve METIBOBA
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: As a way of tackling child mortality, many countries in the world depend on their respective health-care system. But governments of most countries in Africa are yet to provide robust funding of their health-care systems as many people still depend on the out-of-pocket payment to receive health services. Against this backdrop, this study used annual panel data to assess the effect of health-care expenditure and immunisation on the under-five mortality rate in 30 selected African countries for the period 2000-2017. Methods: Multiple regression technique was adopted for the data analysis and the robust fixed regression estimator was preferred to the random effects as determined by Hausman test.Results: The findings indicated that domestic government general health expenditure had a significant negative effect on the under-five mortality rate. However, the effect of domestic private health expenditure on under-five mortality was not significant while external health expenditure had a significant negative effect on under-five mortality rate. The impact of diphtheria immunisation on under-five mortality was significant. Conclusions: Except domestic private health expenditure, government and external forms of health expenditure coupled with diphtheria immunisation were significant factors for the reduction of the under-five mortality in the selected countries.

scholarly journals Does Industrial Air Pollution Increase Health Care Expenditure? Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Sheng Shen ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
Han-Pu Shen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Western China ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the impact of air pollution on medical expenditure in eastern, central, and western China by applying the fixed-effect model, random-effect model, and panel threshold regression model. According to theoretical and empirical analyses, there are different relationships between the two indexes in different regions of China. For eastern and central regions, it is obvious that the more serious the air pollution is, the more medical expenses there are. However, there is a non-linear single threshold effect between air pollution and health care expenditure in the western region. When air pollution is lower than this value, there is a negative correlation between them. Conversely, the health care expenditure increases with the aggravation of air pollution, but the added value is not enough to make up for the health problems caused by air pollution. The empirical results are basically consistent with the theoretical analysis, which can provide enlightenment for the government to consider the role of air pollution in medical expenditure. Policymakers should arrange the medical budget reasonably, according to its situation, to make up for the loss caused by air pollution.

scholarly journals Editorial - Evaluating Impact of High-Cost Cancer Drugs at Regional Level: The Case of Veneto (Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Dario Gregori ◽  
Daniele Chiffi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Research Work ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Local Health ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regional Governments

In Italy, the National Health System (NHS) costs are controlled by the regional governments (which are financially accountable for health care expenditure, including hospital drug budgets), but agreements regarding price and discounts are decided in AIFA (Italian Medicine Agency). For this reason, some regional governments ask the pharmaceutical companies to produce a "Health Technology Assessment" before deciding to introduce a drug in the regional hospital list of accepted drugs. Thus, in terms of public policy maker and its decision process, the choice of well-specified points of view is an essential ingredient in the critical assessment of economic evaluation, which becomes more effective when information is presented in the general terms of a cost of illness analysis (COI), or, in a disaggregated way by means of a list of the costs and the outcomes or consequences of the intervention, namely as a cost consequence analysis (CCA). Furthermore, while it has been observed that economic evaluations are usually performed in different countries at national level, in local health care decision making there is lack of health economic data and evaluations, disconnecting economic evaluations from the types of decision that local institutions must normally face. The University of Padova financed a composite and interdisciplinary group of researchers to develop a proof-of-concept like program aimed at serving the Veneto region as a template for the evaluation of the impact of (high-cost) drugs. The program, financed as “Progetti di Ateneo” 2009, (Code CPDA093183/09, "Modello per la valutazione dell'impatto economico, sociale e di salute derivante dall'utilizzo dei nuovi farmaci oncologici nella regione Veneto") has come now to its end and this report represents the outcome of a two-year intense research work. Gratefully, the leading investigators acknowledge the contribution of the entire EIHCD-VeRo Research Project Agreement for their help and cooperation at the various stages of the project development.

scholarly journals Risk of Negative Health Outcomes and High Costs for People With Diabetes and Unmet Psychological Needs in the United States

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryana Sepassi ◽  
Mark Bounthavong ◽  
Renu F. Singh ◽  
Mark Heyman ◽  
Kristin Beizai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
Total Health Care Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

Measuring the population-level relationship between compromised mental health and diabetes care remains an important goal for clinicians and health care decision-makers. We evaluated the impact of self-reported unmet psychological need on health care resource utilization and total health care expenditure in people with type 2 diabetes. Patients who reported unmet psychological needs were more likely than those who did not to incur a higher annual medical expenditure, have greater resource utilization, and have a higher risk of all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Public Health Care and Government Health Expenditures in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Mudasir Ali ◽  
Durdana Qaiser Gilani ◽  
An ul Abdin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Expenditure Need ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test

This study evaluates the impact of health care expenditure by the government on health sector outcomes in Pakistan by using data from the period 1982 to 2016. To examine whether the variables are stationary, the ADF test is run whereas the relationship among the variables is tested through the ARDL model technique. The empirical result from the regression equation shows that healthcare expenditure affects significantly the health sector outcome i.e., a decrease in infant deaths in the long run. Bilateral and multilateral fund assistance becomes a part of health expenditure in less progressive countries which is helpful for increasing the resource allocation in the vital segment of the economy. Hence funds allocated for health care expenditure need to be sensibly utilized because it will help in achieving a portion of the Millennium Development Goals. Improved wellbeing can be achieved as an outcome of enhanced capacities of the health sector as a result of the proper allocation of public healthcare funds.

scholarly journals Cross-Border Health Care in the European Union: Evaluation of Different Financing Arrangements

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Walter Ried ◽  
Frauke Henriette Rau
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Border Health ◽  
Administrative Burden ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper analyses the impact of the financing arrangements for planned cross-border health care within the European Union. A financial arrangement is taken to provide a financial incentive but may also involve payment risks and administrative burden. For the pathways given by the Social Security Regulations (883/2004 and 987/2009) and the EU Directive 2011/24/EU, we investigate how the associated financial arrangements act on providers, patients and on publicly funded health insurance. First, the Regulations can induce cross-border health care that will increase domestic health care expenditure and may threaten national health policy by setting an incentive for patients to go abroad for health care not covered by domestic health insurance. Second, the financial arrangement of the Directive may induce cross-border health care which will lower domestic health care expenditure. However, due to considerable payment risks and administrative burden on both patients and providers, these benefits will not be reaped in full. Moreover, in the presence of national cost containment policies, the Directive may provide an incentive for cross-border health care that is too strong. Finally, due to the requirement to pay upfront, the financial arrangement also suffers from a lack of equity of access to health care provision abroad.

THE IMPACT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT REPORTS ON DECISION MAKING IN AUSTRIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Zechmeister ◽  
Ines Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Health technology assessment (HTA) was established in Austria in the 1990s and, since then, it has gained considerable importance. In this study, we aim to analyze whether the HTA reports that have been produced at the Institute for Technology Assessment (ITA) and at the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for HTA (LBI-HTA) have had an impact on decision making within the Austrian health care system.Methods: We selected all reports that were intended for supporting (i) reimbursement/investment or (ii) disinvestment decisions. Eleven full HTA reports and fifty-eight rapid assessments fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We used interview data and administrative data on volumes, tariffs and expenditure of products/services to analyze whether and how reports were in reality used in decision making and what the consequences for health care expenditure and resource distribution have been.Results: Five full HTA reports and fifty-six rapid technology assessments were used for reimbursement decisions. Four full HTA reports and two rapid assessments were used for disinvestment decisions and resulted in reduced volumes and expenditure. Two full HTA reports showed no impact on decision making. Impact was most evident for hospital technologies.Conclusions: HTA has played some role in reducing volumes of over-supplied hospital technologies, resulting in reduced expenditure for several hospital providers. Additionally, it has been increasingly included in prospective planning and reimbursement decisions of late, indicating re-distribution of resources toward evidence-based technologies. However, further factors may have influenced the decisions, and the impact could be considerably increased by systematically incorporating HTA into the decision-making process in Austria.

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