Effects of Chronic Stress on Emotion and Neural Mechanism: Focus on Sex Difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (11) ◽  
pp. 1803-1815
Author(s):  
婷 何
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Neural Mechanism

ENDOCRINE EFFECTS ON THE HEPARIN-INDUCED LIPEMIA CLEARING ACTIVITY (LCA) OF RAT PLASMA

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cairns ◽  
P. Constantinides
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Female Gonad ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Adrenal Enlargement

A study was made of the relationships of the gonads, the adrenal, and the thyroid to the "lipemia-clearing activity" (LCA) which appears in rat plasma following heparin injection. Strong evidence was obtained that the induction of LCA by heparin is controlled by the estrogenic secretion of the female gonad: Estradiol inhibited LCA; mature females displayed less LCA than mature males, the sex difference being absent in immature animals; ovariectomy and hypophysectomy accelerated LCA; anterior pituitary extracts inhibited it in the female but not in the male; progesterone, testosterone, and orchidectomy had no effect. The adrenal-LCA relationships were complex: Adrenalectomy accelerated LCA but the effects of injected steroids depended on the dosage level and on the duration of the treatment. Short lasting injections of small amounts of glucocorticoids inhibited LCA, the effect disappearing upon prolongation of treatment. By contrast, massive amounts of glucocorticoids accelerated LCA, whether given for a short or a long period of time. Chronic stress and ACTH had no effect, despite the induction of pronounced adrenal enlargement. Injected thyroxine inhibited LCA but surgical thyroidectomy did not affect it.

scholarly journals Effects of Acupuncture on Chronic Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior and Its Central Neural Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ju Lee ◽  
Jae-Sang Ryu ◽  
Seul-Ki Won ◽  
Uk Namgung ◽  
Jeeyoun Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Neural Mechanism

scholarly journals Sex difference in the weighting of expected uncertainty under chronic stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie Lei ◽  
Yasuhiro Mochizuki ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Kosuke Hagiwara ◽  
Masako Hirotsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predictive Relationships ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe neurobiological literature implicates chronic stress induced decision-making deficits as a major contributor to depression and anxiety. Given that females are twice as likely to suffer from these disorders, we hypothesized the existence of sex difference in the effects of chronic stress on decision-making. Here employing a decision-making paradigm that relies on reinforcement learning of probabilistic predictive relationships, we show female volunteers with a high level of perceived stress in the past month are more likely to make suboptimal choices than males. Computational characterizations of this sex difference suggest that while under high stress, females and males differ in their weighting but not learning of the expected uncertainty in the predictive relationships. These findings provide a mechanistic account of the sex difference in decision-making under chronic stress and may have important implications for the epidemiology of sex difference in depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals Acupuncture alleviates chronic stress induced depressive-like symptoms through central neural mechanism

IBRO Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S354
Author(s):  
Min-Ju Lee ◽  
Seul-Ki Won ◽  
Uk Namgung ◽  
Jeeyoun Jung ◽  
So-Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Neural Mechanism

ENDOCRINE EFFECTS ON THE HEPARIN-INDUCED LIPEMIA CLEARING ACTIVITY (LCA) OF RAT PLASMA

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 530-538
Author(s):  
A. Cairns ◽  
P. Constantinides
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Female Gonad ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Adrenal Enlargement

A study was made of the relationships of the gonads, the adrenal, and the thyroid to the "lipemia-clearing activity" (LCA) which appears in rat plasma following heparin injection. Strong evidence was obtained that the induction of LCA by heparin is controlled by the estrogenic secretion of the female gonad: Estradiol inhibited LCA; mature females displayed less LCA than mature males, the sex difference being absent in immature animals; ovariectomy and hypophysectomy accelerated LCA; anterior pituitary extracts inhibited it in the female but not in the male; progesterone, testosterone, and orchidectomy had no effect. The adrenal-LCA relationships were complex: Adrenalectomy accelerated LCA but the effects of injected steroids depended on the dosage level and on the duration of the treatment. Short lasting injections of small amounts of glucocorticoids inhibited LCA, the effect disappearing upon prolongation of treatment. By contrast, massive amounts of glucocorticoids accelerated LCA, whether given for a short or a long period of time. Chronic stress and ACTH had no effect, despite the induction of pronounced adrenal enlargement. Injected thyroxine inhibited LCA but surgical thyroidectomy did not affect it.

The Relationship of Compliance with Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽  
Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Summary: The Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), the COPE Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 212 men and 212 women. Multiple regression of the test scores showed that low self-esteem and denial coping were the best predictors of compliance in both men and women. Significant sex differences emerged on all three scales, with women having lower self-esteem than men, being more compliant, and using different coping strategies when confronted with a stressful situation. The sex difference in compliance was mediated by differences in self-esteem between men and women.

Sex Differences in Time Production Revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Glicksohn ◽  
Yamit Hadad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Target Duration ◽  
Log P ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Production ◽  
T Score

Individual differences in time production should indicate differences in the rate of functioning of an internal clock, assuming the existence of such a clock. And sex differences in time production should reflect a difference in the rate of functioning of that clock between men and women. One way of approaching the data is to compute individual regressions of produced duration (P) on target duration (T), after log transformation, and to derive estimates for the intercept and the slope. One could investigate a sex difference by comparing these estimates for men and women; one could also contrast them by looking at mean log(P). Using such indices, we found a sex difference in time production, female participants having a relatively faster internal clock, making shorter time productions, and having a smaller exponent. The question is whether a sex difference in time production would be found using other methods for analyzing the data: (1) the P/T ratio; (2) an absolute discrepancy (|P-T|) score; and (3) an absolute error (|P-T|/T) score. For the P/T ratio, female participants have a lower mean ratio in comparison to the male participants. In contrast, the |P-T| and |P-T|/T indices seem to be seriously compromised by wide individual differences.

Sex difference in depression: Which animal models mimic it.

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-266
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Frank Adu-Nti ◽  
Xuejiao Wang ◽  
Hui Qiao ◽  
Xin-Ming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Sex Difference
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