scholarly journals In Situ Hybridization Method Reveals (Pro)renin Receptor Expressing Cells in the Pituitary Gland of Rats: Correlation with Anterior Pituitary Hormones

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Megumi Yatabe ◽  
Ken Fujiwara ◽  
Takuo Hirose ◽  
Kazuhito Totsune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Hybridization Method ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Estrogen induction of galanin synthesis in the rat anterior pituitary gland demonstrated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry

1989 ◽  
Vol 100 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Vrontakis ◽  
Toshiharu Yamamoto ◽  
Ingo C. Schroedter ◽  
James I. Nagy ◽  
Henry G. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Estrogen Induction

scholarly journals Urocortin Expression in Human Pituitary Gland and Pituitary Adenoma

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 3842-3850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumi Iino ◽  
Hironobu Sasano ◽  
Yutaka Oki ◽  
Noriaki Andoh ◽  
Ryong-Woon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Mrna In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Human Anterior Pituitary

Urocortin is a recently identified neuropeptide of the CRF family in the mammalian brain, but its expression in human tissue has been little studied. In this study, we examined urocortin expression in human anterior pituitary gland and pituitary adenomas by RIA, high performance liquid chromatography, immunohistochemistry, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in situ hybridization, and reverse transcriptase-PCR. Immunoreactive urocortin concentrations in normal pituitary tissue extract were 103.25 ± 39.05 ng/g wet wt (mean ± sem; n = 4), and their levels were all significantly higher than those in other portions of central nervous system of the same subjects. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of human pituitary extract demonstrated a single peak corresponding to that of the expected chromatographic mobility of synthetic human urocortin-(1–40). Urocortin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the anterior pituitary gland. Neither urocortin-immunoreactive nerve fibers nor cells were detected in the posterior lobe. Immunostaining in serial mirror tissue sections revealed that 76.55 ± 3.06% of urocortin-immunoreactive cells expressed GH immunoreactivity, whereas 22.25 ± 3.02% and less than 1% of urocortin-immunoreactive cells expressed PRL and ACTH, respectively. mRNA hybridization signals of urocortin were also detected in urocortin-immunopositive pituitary cells. The reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis demonstrated a 145-bp RNA band corresponding to that of the expected length of urocortin in all cases of normal pituitary glands examined (n = 3). We also immunostained urocortin in 52 cases of human anterior pituitary adenomas, including GH-producing adenomas (n = 14), ACTH-producing adenomas (n = 13), PRL-producing adenomas (n = 11), and nonfunctioning hormonally inactive adenomas (n = 14). No urocortin immunoreactivity was detected in these adenoma cells, except for one case of GH-producing adenoma and one case of nonfunctioning adenoma. We also performed mRNA in situ hybridization in 27 adenomas. No hybridization signals were detected in these adenomas, except in two cases. The results described above indicated that urocortin is synthesized in human anterior pituitary cells and may play an important role in biological features of normal pituitary gland, possibly as an autocrine or a paracrine regulator.

PACAP is transiently expressed in anterior pituitary gland of rats: In situ hybridization and cell immunoblot assay studies

Peptides ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Heinzlmann ◽  
Eszter Kirilly ◽  
Kinga Meltzer ◽  
Enikő Szabó ◽  
Akemichi Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Immunoblot Assay

scholarly journals Ghrelin Receptor Expression and Colocalization with Anterior Pituitary Hormones Using a GHSR-GFP Mouse Line

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (11) ◽  
pp. 5452-5466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Reichenbach ◽  
Frederik J. Steyn ◽  
Mark W. Sleeman ◽  
Zane B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Egfp Expression ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Cells ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and robustly stimulates GH release from the anterior pituitary gland. Ghrelin also regulates the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones including TSH, LH, prolactin (PRL), and ACTH. However, the relative contribution of a direct action at the GHSR in the anterior pituitary gland vs. an indirect action at the GHSR in the hypothalamus remains undefined. We used a novel GHSR-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter mouse to quantify GHSR coexpression with GH, TSH, LH, PRL, and ACTH anterior pituitary cells in males vs. females and in chow-fed or calorie-restricted (CR) mice. GHSR-eGFP-expressing cells were only observed in anterior pituitary. The number of GHSR-eGFP-expressing cells was higher in male compared with females, and CR did not affect the GHSR-eGFP cell number. Double staining revealed 77% of somatotrophs expressed GHSR-eGFP in both males and females. Nineteen percent and 12.6% of corticotrophs, 21% and 9% of lactotrophs, 18% and 19% of gonadotrophs, and 3% and 9% of males and females, respectively, expressed GHSR-eGFP. CR increased the number of TSH cells, but suppressed the number of lactotrophs and gonadotrophs, expressing GHSR-eGFP compared with controls. These studies support a robust stimulatory action of ghrelin via the GHSR on GH secretion and identify a previously unknown sexual dimorphism in the GHSR expression in the anterior pituitary. CR affects GHSR-eGFP expression on lactotrophs, gonadotrophs, and thyrotrophs, which may mediate reproductive function and energy metabolism during periods of negative energy balance. The low to moderate expression of GHSR-eGFP suggests that ghrelin plays a minor direct role on remaining anterior pituitary cells.

Ultrastructural morphology of nontumorous lactotrophs in human pituitaries exposed to high prolactin levels

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
S. Jalalah ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Ultrastructural Morphology ◽  
Transmission Electron

Lactotrophs, as many other endocrine cells, change their morphology in response to factors influencing their secretory activity. Secretion of prolactin (PRL) from lactotrophs, like that of other anterior pituitary hormones, is under the control of the hypothalamus. Unlike most anterior pituitary hormones, PRL has no apparent target gland which could modulate the endocrine activity of lactotrophs. It is generally agreed that PRL regulates its own release from lactotrophs via the short loop negative feedback mechanism exerted at the level of the hypothalamus or the pituitary. Accordingly, ultrastructural morphology of lactotrophs is not constant; it is changing in response to high PRL levels showing signs of suppressed hormone synthesis and secretion.By transmission electron microscopy and morphometry, we have studied the morphology of lactotrophs in nontumorous (NT) portions of 7 human pituitaries containing PRL-secreting adenoma; these lactotrophs were exposed to abnormally high PRL levels.

scholarly journals Estrogen mediates sex differences in preoptic neuropeptide and pituitary hormone production in medaka

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junpei Yamashita ◽  
Yuji Nishiike ◽  
Thomas Fleming ◽  
Daichi Kayo ◽  
Kataaki Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic Expression

AbstractThe preoptic area (POA) is one of the most evolutionarily conserved regions of the vertebrate brain and contains subsets of neuropeptide-expressing neurons. Here we found in the teleost medaka that two neuropeptides belonging to the secretin family, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (Pacap) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip), exhibit opposite patterns of sexually dimorphic expression in the same population of POA neurons that project to the anterior pituitary: Pacap is male-biased, whereas Vip is female-biased. Estrogen secreted by the ovary in adulthood was found to attenuate Pacap expression and, conversely, stimulate Vip expression in the female POA, thereby establishing and maintaining their opposite sexual dimorphism. Pituitary organ culture experiments demonstrated that both Pacap and Vip can markedly alter the expression of various anterior pituitary hormones. Collectively, these findings show that males and females use alternative preoptic neuropeptides to regulate anterior pituitary hormones as a result of their different estrogen milieu.

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