scholarly journals Values of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the diagnosis of Central Nervous System associated infectious diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis

scholarly journals Toxicity of Shiga Toxin 1 in the Central Nervous System of Rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6545-6548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fujii ◽  
Yoshimasa Kinoshita ◽  
Takashi Yutsudo ◽  
Hatsumi Taniguchi ◽  
Tom Obrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT The action of Shiga toxin (Stx) on the central nervous system was examined in rabbits. Intravenous Stx1 was 44 times more lethal than Stx2 and acted more rapidly than Stx2. However, Stx1 accumulated more slowly in the cerebrospinal fluid than did Stx2. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a predominance of Stx1-dependent lesions in the spinal cord. Pretreatment of the animals with anti-Stx1 antiserum intravenously completely protected against both development of brain lesions and mortality.

An unusual presentation of multiple sclerosis

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Hotopf ◽  
S. Pollock ◽  
W. A. Lishman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Electrophysiological Tests ◽  
Male Patients

SynopsisTwo male patients who presented with unusual pictures of dementia in the absence of other obvious symptoms or signs are reported. Investigations demonstrated changes highly suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) on magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and electrophysiological tests. We suggest this represents a rare presentation of multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Positron emission tomography imaging in a case of E200K mutation-related spongiform encephalopathy with non-diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1770034
Author(s):  
Pravin George ◽  
Christopher R Newey ◽  
Karin P Mente ◽  
Erik P Pioro
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Progressive Dementia ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Jakob Disease

Objective: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a rapidly progressive spongiform encephalopathy. The E200K mutation is found in a majority of genetically transmitted Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease cases. Methods: We describe the case and associated neuroimaging of an E200K-129M gene-mutation-related fatal spongiform encephalopathy with resultant clinical insomnia and thalamic changes. Results: A 46-year-old Caucasian male presented with, who was well until 2 months prior to admission, a rapidly progressive dementia followed by a change in personality with auditory and visual hallucinations. His wife noted progressively worsening jerking and other limb movements and that he kept his eyes open overnight and was “awake” at all hours. Magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram and initial cerebrospinal fluid analysis were essentially non-diagnostic. Positron emission topography revealed severe bilateral thalamic hypometabolism. Posthumous cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed abnormal PrP 27-30 protein. Autopsy confirmed prion disease and presence of the E200K-129M mutation. Conclusion: This report highlights that positron emission topography imaging may help diagnose E200K-129M mutation-related spongiform encephalopathy. In cases of non-diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram and cerebrospinal fluid studies, early positron emission topography may help in the workup of rapidly progressive dementia.

scholarly journals Large and Small Cerebral Vessel Involvement in Severe COVID-19

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 3719-3722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Keller ◽  
Giovanna Brandi ◽  
Sebastian Winklhofer ◽  
Lukas L. Imbach ◽  
Daniel Kirschenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Background and Purpose: Case series indicating cerebrovascular disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been published. Comprehensive workups, including clinical characteristics, laboratory, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid findings, are needed to understand the mechanisms. Methods: We evaluated 32 consecutive critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated at a tertiary care center from March 9 to April 3, 2020, for concomitant severe central nervous system involvement. Patients identified underwent computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and autopsy in case of death. Results: Of 32 critically ill patients with COVID-19, 8 (25%) had severe central nervous system involvement. Two presented with lacunar ischemic stroke in the early phase and 6 with prolonged impaired consciousness after termination of analgosedation. In all but one with delayed wake-up, neuroimaging or autopsy showed multiple cerebral microbleeds, in 3 with additional subarachnoid hemorrhage and in 2 with additional small ischemic lesions. In 3 patients, intracranial vessel wall sequence magnetic resonance imaging was performed for the first time to our knowledge. All showed contrast enhancement of vessel walls in large cerebral arteries, suggesting vascular wall pathologies with an inflammatory component. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions for SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid were all negative. No intrathecal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG synthesis was detectable. Conclusions: Different mechanisms of cerebrovascular disorders might be involved in COVID-19. Acute ischemic stroke might occur early. In a later phase, microinfarctions and vessel wall contrast enhancement occur, indicating small and large cerebral vessels involvement. Central nervous system disorders associated with COVID-19 may lead to long-term disabilities. Mechanisms should be urgently investigated to develop neuroprotective strategies.

scholarly journals Two cases of primary leptomeningeal melanomatosis mimicking subacute meningitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Aslan ◽  
Rahsan Gocmen ◽  
Nazire Pınar Acar ◽  
Farid Khasiyev ◽  
Ekim Gumeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Atypical Cells

Primary involvement of leptomeninges with melanocytic tumours is rarely seen and its diagnosis is challenging. Here we summarise two cases of primary leptomeningeal melanomatosis presenting as subacute meningitis. Both cases have pleocytosis and high protein on cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and demonstrated atypical cells on cytology. On magnetic resonance imaging, there is diffuse leptomeningal thickening and avid enhancement of intracranial and intraspinal leptomeninges. One of them demonstrates T1 shortening due to magnetic effects of melanin, the other case is amelanotic and shows hypointensity on precontrast T1-weighted images. Both cases can be diagnosed with biopsy. In conclusion, these cases highlight the importance of the correct interpretation of cytological and magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with atypical findings.

Survival of a Suspected Case of Central Nervous System Cuterebrosis in a Dog: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Tieber ◽  
Todd W. Axlund ◽  
Stephen T. Simpson ◽  
John T. Hathcock
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fluid Analysis

A 3-year-old, spayed female rat terrier was evaluated for acute onset of stupor, disorientation, and tetraparesis. Clinical signs progressed over 3 weeks to eventual right-sided hemiparesis and circling to the left. A Cuterebra spp. larva was discovered in the vomitus of the dog 2 weeks after the onset of clinical signs. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed chronic inflammation, and magnetic resonance imaging supported a diagnosis of a parasitic tract through the left cerebral hemisphere. Medical management included a tapering anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone. Clinical signs improved slowly over time. This is the first description of a presumptive antemortem diagnosis of canine cuterebrosis in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Changes in cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-10 levels display better performance in predicting disease relapse than conventional magnetic resonance imaging in primary central nervous system lymphoma 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Zou ◽  
Jingjing Yin ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Disease Relapse ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Abstract Backgroud: Establishing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a challenge. This study evaluated the value of dynamic interleukin (IL)-10 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations for prognosis and relapse prediction in PCNSL. Methods: Consecutive 40 patients newly diagnosed with PCNSL between April 2015 and April 2019 were recruited, and serial CSF specimens were collected by lumbar punctures (LP) or by Ommaya reservoir at diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up phase.Results: We confirmed that an elevated IL-10 cutoff value of 8.2 pg/mL for the diagnosis value of PCNSL showed a sensitivity of 85%. A persistent detectable CSF IL-10 level at the end of treatment was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) (836 vs. 481 days, p = 0.049). Within a median follow-up of 13.6 (2–55) months, 24 patients relapsed. IL-10 relapse was defined as a positive conversion in patients with undetectable IL-10 or an increased concentration compared to the last test in patients with sustained IL-10. IL-10 relapse was detected a median of 67 days (28–402 days) earlier than disease relapse in 10/16 patients. Conclusion: This study highlights a new perspective that CSF IL-10 relapse could be a surrogate marker for disease relapse and detected earlier than conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Further evaluation of IL-10 monitoring in PCNSL follow-up is warranted.

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