scholarly journals Ultrasound Measurement of the Transverse Abdominis, Internal Oblique, and External Oblique Muscles Associated with Forward Head Posture and Reduced Cranio-Vertebral Angle

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Woo Kang ◽  
Yong Hyun Kwon ◽  
Sung Min Son
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Transverse Abdominis ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

scholarly journals Effects of rehabilitation training of core muscle stability on stroke patients with hemiplegia

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
Zhuohui Gan ◽  
Wuchao Tian ◽  
Yongkai Lv
Keyword(s):  
Scale Score ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Transverse Abdominis ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

Objective: To evaluate the effects of rehabilitation training of core muscle stability on stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods: A total of 180 stroke patients who were hospitalized from December 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group (n=90) that both received conventional hemiplegia rehabilitation therapy. On this basis, the observation group was subjected to training for core muscle stability, five times a week for a total of eight weeks. The balance functions before and after training were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The functions of hemiplegic lower limbs were evaluated by Brunnstrom staging and the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) scale. The walking speed was estimated using the 10 m walking test. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography was performed to measure the thicknesses of three abdominal muscles of the paralytic side, i.e. transverse abdominis, internal oblique and external oblique muscles. Results: After treatment, the BBS scores of the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, with significant differences (P<0.05). The BBS score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the Brunnstrom stage and FMA scale score, and standing and stepping scores were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). The Brunnstrom stage, FMA scale score, stepping score and walking speed of the observation group significantly exceeded those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the thicknesses all increased compared with those before treatment, but the thicknesses of internal oblique and external oblique muscles were not significantly different (P>0.05). The thickness of transverse abdominis muscle of the observation group significantly surpassed that before treatment (P<0.05), whereas the thicknesses of the control group were similar (P>0.05). The thickness of transverse abdominis muscle of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Rehabilitation training of core muscle stability can effectively improve the balance function and walking speed of stroke patients, probably by increasing the thickness of transverse abdominis muscle. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1466 How to cite this:Chen X, Gan Z, Tian W, Lv Y. Effects of rehabilitation training of core muscle stability on stroke patients with hemiplegia. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1466 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Breathing Exercise Called the Maximal Abdominal Contraction Maneuver

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Jung Won Kwon ◽  
Seo Yoon Park ◽  
Ki Hyun Baek ◽  
Kyoungsoo Youk ◽  
Seunghue Oh
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Transverse Abdominis ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Internal Oblique

Background and objectives: The maximal abdominal contraction maneuver (MACM) was designed as an effective and efficient breathing exercise to increase the stability of the spinal joint. However, it has not been determined whether MACM is more effective and efficient than the maximal expiration method. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate whole abdominal muscle thickness changes after MACM. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (17 males and 13 females) participated in this study. An experimental comparison between MACM and the maximal expiration task was conducted by measuring the change of abdominal muscle thickness such as the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO) and rectus abdominis (RA) using ultrasound images. Results: The results indicated that MACM resulted in significantly greater muscle thickness increases of the TrA and RA than the maximal expiration exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MACM provided better exercise than the maximal expiration exercise in terms of increasing spine stability, at least from a co-contraction perspective.

scholarly journals Mechanics of lung ventilation in a larval salamander Ambystoma tigrinum.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (20) ◽  
pp. 2891-2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
EL Brainerd
Keyword(s):  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Primitive Character ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tiger Salamanders ◽  
Transverse Abdominis ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

The larval stage of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum is entirely aquatic, but the larvae rely on their lungs for a large proportion of their oxygen uptake. X-ray video and pressure measurements from the buccal and body cavities demonstrate that the larvae inspire using a two-stroke buccal pump and exhale actively by contracting the hypaxial musculature to increase body pressure. Larvae begin a breath by expanding the buccal cavity to draw in air through the mouth, while simultaneously exhaling air from the lungs to mix with the fresh air in the buccal cavity. The mouth then closes, and the buccal cavity compresses to pump a portion of the mixture into the lungs. The remaining air in the buccal cavity is then released as bubbles from the mouth and gill slits. Ventilatory volumes estimated from X-ray video records indicate that approximately 80 % of the air pumped into the lungs is fresh air and 20 % is previously expired air. Exhalation in larval tiger salamanders is active, powered by contraction of all four layers of lateral hypaxial musculature. Electromyography indicates that the transverse abdominis (TA) muscle is active for the longest duration and shows the highest-amplitude activity, but the external oblique superficialis, the external oblique profundus and the internal oblique also show consistent, low-level activity. The finding that the TA muscle is active during exhalation in larval tiger salamanders contributes to a growing body of evidence that the use of the TA for exhalation is a primitive character for tetrapods.

scholarly journals Intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging for lumbar multifidus and anterolateral abdominal muscles in females with recurrent low back pain: an observational, cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (87) ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
Hamid Zamani ◽  
Mahdi Dadgoo ◽  
Mohammad Akbari ◽  
Javier Fernández-Jara ◽  
Mohammadreza Pourahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
Transverse Abdominis ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Recurrent Low Back Pain ◽  
Internal Oblique

Aim: To examine the reliability of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging performed to measure the thickness of the transverse abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, and lumbar multifidus muscles in females with recurrent low back pain. Material and methods: A sample of 15 women was recruited. Two independent examiners recorded the thickness of their deep abdominal and spinal muscles by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. Imaging scans of the transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles were performed in the supine position and in the midaxillary line, between the lower edge of the ribcage and the iliac crest. Imaging of the lumbar multifidus was done in the prone position and at the level of the L5/S1 zygapophyseal joints. Imaging scans were performed bilaterally in rest and contraction, three times by the first examiner (at baseline, after two hours, and one week later) and once by the second examiner. Results: Good to excellent within-session intra-rater (ICC = 0.76, 0.97), good to excellent between-session intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.73, 0.93), and good to excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.73, 0.98) were obtained. Conclusions: The results showed that rehabilitative ultrasound imaging can be used as an excellent reliable instrument by one or two examiners to measure the thickness of the transverse abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique and lumbar multifidus muscles in females with recurrent low back pain.

The Effect of Balance Exercise and Foot Orthotics on Forward Head Posture

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Nan-Soo Kim ◽  
Yu-Mi Kim ◽  
Ha-Ri Kim ◽  
Sun-Young Park ◽  
Eun-Ji Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Balance Exercise

scholarly journals Lumbar Roll Usage While Sitting Reduces the Forward Head Posture in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5171
Author(s):  
Yusuke Handa ◽  
Kenya Okada ◽  
Hiroshi Takasaki
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grade System ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Head Extension ◽  
The Cochrane Library

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether the use of a lumbar roll reduced forward head posture (FHP) while sitting among individuals with or without musculoskeletal disorders. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from their inception to August 2020. The quality of evidence for variables used in the meta-analysis was determined using the GRADE system. Five studies satisfied the criteria for data analysis. All studies included individuals without any spinal symptoms. Data from five studies on neck angle showed a statistically significant (p = 0.02) overall effect (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.77), indicating a lesser neck flexion angle while sitting with a lumbar roll than without it. Data from two studies on head angle showed a statistically significant (p = 0.04) overall effect (SMD = 0.47), indicating a lesser head extension angle while sitting with a lumbar roll than without it. In each meta-analysis, the quality of evidence was very low in the GRADE system. The use of a lumbar roll while sitting reduced FHP among individuals without spinal symptoms.

[D06] PreventFHP: Detection and warning system for Forward Head Posture

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaebong Lee ◽  
Eunji Cho ◽  
Minjae Kim ◽  
Yongmin Yoon ◽  
Seungmoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture
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