scholarly journals Abnormal DNA Methylation in Thoracic Spinal Cord Tissue Following Transection Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 8878-8890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Dong Shi ◽  
Xiao-Lei Zhang ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Bao-You Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

scholarly journals Blood-spinal cord barrier leakage is independent of motor neuron pathology in ALS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Waters ◽  
Birger V. Dieriks ◽  
Molly E. V. Swanson ◽  
Yibin Zhang ◽  
Natasha L. Grimsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Lower Motor Neuron ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuron Loss ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Motor Neuron Loss ◽  
Blood Spinal Cord Barrier

AbstractBackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease involving progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Both lower motor neuron loss and the deposition of phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions display regional patterning along the spinal cord. The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) ordinarily restricts entry into the spinal cord parenchyma of blood components that are neurotoxic, but in ALS there is evidence for barrier breakdown. Here we sought to examine whether BSCB breakdown, motor neuron loss, and TDP-43 proteinopathy display the same regional patterning across and along the spinal cord.MethodsWe measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hemoglobin in living ALS patients (n=87 controls, n=236 ALS) as a potential biomarker of BSCB and blood-brain barrier leakage. We then immunostained cervical, thoracic, and lumbar post mortem spinal cord tissue (n=5 controls, n=13 ALS) and employed semi-automated imaging and analysis to quantify and map lower motor neuron loss and phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusion load against hemoglobin leakage.ResultsMotor neuron loss and TDP-43 proteinopathy were seen at all three levels of the ALS spinal cord, with most abundant TDP-43 deposition in the ventral grey (lamina IX) of the cervical and lumbar cord. In contrast, hemoglobin leakage was observed along the ALS spinal cord axis but was most severe in the dorsal grey and white matter in the thoracic spinal cord.ConclusionsOur data show that leakage of the blood-spinal cord barrier occurs during life but at end-stage its distribution is independent from the major motor neuron pathology and is unlikely to be a major contributor to pathogenesis in ALS.

scholarly journals Blood-spinal cord barrier leakage is independent of motor neuron pathology in ALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Waters ◽  
Molly E. V. Swanson ◽  
Birger V. Dieriks ◽  
Yibin B. Zhang ◽  
Natasha L. Grimsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Lower Motor Neuron ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuron Loss ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Motor Neuron Loss ◽  
Blood Spinal Cord Barrier

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease involving progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. The pattern of lower motor neuron loss along the spinal cord follows the pattern of deposition of phosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates. The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) restricts entry into the spinal cord parenchyma of blood components that can promote motor neuron degeneration, but in ALS there is evidence for barrier breakdown. Here we sought to quantify BSCB breakdown along the spinal cord axis, to determine whether BSCB breakdown displays the same patterning as motor neuron loss and TDP-43 proteinopathy. Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin was measured in living ALS patients (n = 87 control, n = 236 ALS) as a potential biomarker of BSCB and blood–brain barrier leakage. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar post-mortem spinal cord tissue (n = 5 control, n = 13 ALS) were then immunolabelled and semi-automated imaging and analysis performed to quantify hemoglobin leakage, lower motor neuron loss, and phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusion load. Hemoglobin leakage was observed along the whole ALS spinal cord axis and was most severe in the dorsal gray and white matter in the thoracic spinal cord. In contrast, motor neuron loss and TDP-43 proteinopathy were seen at all three levels of the ALS spinal cord, with most abundant TDP-43 deposition in the anterior gray matter of the cervical and lumbar cord. Our data show that leakage of the BSCB occurs during life, but at end-stage disease the regions with most severe BSCB damage are not those where TDP-43 accumulation is most abundant. This suggests BSCB leakage and TDP-43 pathology are independent pathologies in ALS.

Spontaneous Herniation of the Thoracic Spinal Cord: A Case Report

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Chan Jin ◽  
Seoung Ro Lee ◽  
Dong Woo Park ◽  
Kyung Bin Joo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spontaneous Herniation

Lipomeningocele associated with diplomyelia in a dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (05) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Ondreka ◽  
Sara Malberg ◽  
Emma Laws ◽  
Martin Schmidt ◽  
Sabine Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Split Cord Malformation ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Subcutaneous Mass ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

SummaryA 2-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog with a body weight of 30 kg was presented for evaluation of a soft subcutaneous mass on the dorsal midline at the level of the caudal thoracic spine. A further clinical sign was intermittent pain on palpation of the area of the subcutaneous mass. The owner also described a prolonged phase of urination with repeated interruption and re-initiation of voiding. The findings of the neurological examination were consistent with a lesion localization between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar spinal cord segments. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spina bifida with a lipomeningocele and diplomyelia (split cord malformation type I) at the level of thoracic vertebra 11 and 12 and secondary syringomyelia above the aforementioned defects in the caudal thoracic spinal cord. Surgical resection of the lipomeningocele via a hemilaminectomy was performed. After initial deterioration of the neurological status postsurgery with paraplegia and absent deep pain sensation the dog improved within 2 weeks to non-ambulatory paraparesis with voluntary urination. Six weeks postoperatively the dog was ambulatory, according to the owner. Two years after surgery the owner recorded that the dog showed a normal gait, a normal urination and no pain. Histopathological diagnosis of the biopsied material revealed a lipomeningocele which confirmed the radiological diagnosis.

scholarly journals The Histopathology of Severe Graded Compression in Lower Thoracic Spinal Cord Segment of Rat, Evaluated at Late Post-injury Phase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedorova Jana ◽  
Kellerova Erika ◽  
Bimbova Katarina ◽  
Pavel Jaroslav
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Severe Traumatic Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractSpontaneous recovery of lost motor functions is relative fast in rodent models after inducing a very mild/moderate spinal cord injury (SCI), and this may complicate a reliable evaluation of the effectiveness of potential therapy. Therefore, a severe graded (30 g, 40 g and 50 g) weight-compression SCI at the Th9 spinal segment, involving an acute mechanical impact followed by 15 min of persistent compression, was studied in adult female Wistar rats. Functional parameters, such as spontaneous recovery of motor hind limb and bladder emptying function, and the presence of hematuria were evaluated within 28 days of the post-traumatic period. The disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, measured by extravasated Evans Blue dye, was examined 24 h after the SCI, when maximum permeability occurs. At the end of the survival period, the degradation of gray and white matter associated with the formation of cystic cavities, and quantitative changes of glial structural proteins, such as GFAP, and integral components of axonal architecture, such as neurofilaments and myelin basic protein, were evaluated in the lesioned area of the spinal cord. Based on these functional and histological parameters, and taking the animal’s welfare into account, the 40 g weight can be considered as an upper limit for severe traumatic injury in this compression model.

Superficial siderosis due to dural defect with thoracic spinal cord herniation

2012 ◽  
Vol 312 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio B. Boncoraglio ◽  
Elena Ballabio ◽  
Alessandra Erbetta ◽  
Francesco Prada ◽  
Mario Savoiardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Dural Defect ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spinal Cord Herniation

scholarly journals Sonic Hedgehog modulates the inflammatory response and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury in a thoracic contusion–compression model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Alexander Younsi ◽  
Guoli Zheng ◽  
Mohamed Tail ◽  
Anna-Kathrin Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Shh Pathway ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Purpose The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway has been associated with a protective role after injury to the central nervous system (CNS). We, therefore, investigated the effects of intrathecal Shh-administration in the subacute phase after thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) on secondary injury processes in rats. Methods Twenty-one Wistar rats were subjected to thoracic clip-contusion/compression SCI at T9. Animals were randomized into three treatment groups (Shh, Vehicle, Sham). Seven days after SCI, osmotic pumps were implanted for seven-day continuous intrathecal administration of Shh. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score, Gridwalk test and bodyweight were weekly assessed. Animals were sacrificed six weeks after SCI and immunohistological analyses were conducted. The results were compared between groups and statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results The intrathecal administration of Shh led to significantly increased polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype, significantly decreased T-lymphocytic invasion and significantly reduced resident microglia six weeks after the injury. Reactive astrogliosis was also significantly reduced while changes in size of the posttraumatic cyst as well as the overall macrophagic infiltration, although reduced, remained insignificant. Finally, with the administration of Shh, gain of bodyweight (216.6 ± 3.65 g vs. 230.4 ± 5.477 g; p = 0.0111) and BBB score (8.2 ± 0.2 vs. 5.9 ± 0.7 points; p = 0.0365) were significantly improved compared to untreated animals six weeks after SCI as well. Conclusion Intrathecal Shh-administration showed neuroprotective effects with attenuated neuroinflammation, reduced astrogliosis and improved functional recovery six weeks after severe contusion/compression SCI.

scholarly journals Disseminated Cryptococcosis revealed by transverse myelitis in Immunocompetent patient: a case report and review of the literature

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Qu ◽  
Zhenzhen Qu ◽  
Yingqian Lv ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Bailin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Coxsackie Virus ◽  
Gadolinium Contrast ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background Transverse myelitis (TM) is due to inflammatory spinal cord injury with bilateral neurologic involvement, which is sensory, motor, or autonomic in nature. It may be associated with autoimmune disease, vaccination, intoxication and infections. The most common infection cause of TM is Coxsackie virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The cryptococcosis is rare. We present the case of disseminated cryptococcosis revealed by transverse myelitis in an immunocompetent 55-year-old male patient. The literature review is also stated. Case presentation The 55-year-old man suffered from gradual numbness, weakness in both lower limbs and finally paralyzed in the bed. The thoracic spine Computed tomography (CT) was normal, but multiple nodules in the lung were accidentally discovered. Thoracic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed diffused thoracic spinal cord thickening and extensively intramedullary T2 hyper intensity areas. Gadolinium contrast enhanced T1WI showed an intramedullary circle-enhanced nodule at 9th thoracic level. Diagnosis was made by histological examination of the bilateral lung biopsy. The patient was treated successfully with systemic amphotericin B liposome and fluconazole and intrathecal dexamethasone and amphotericin B liposome. Conclusions This is a patient with disseminated cryptococcosis involving the lung, spinal cord and adrenal glands, which is rare in the absence of immunodeficiency.

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