scholarly journals Characteristics of Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in a Novel Model of Shunt-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1624-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjie Zhang ◽  
Zhiyu Feng ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Chongrui Sun ◽  
Zhuoming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Novel Model

scholarly journals Restoration of Vitamin D Levels Improves Endothelial Function and Increases TASK-Like K+ Currents in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Maria Callejo ◽  
Daniel Morales-Cano ◽  
Gema Mondejar-Parreño ◽  
Bianca Barreira ◽  
Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
K Currents

Background: Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Moreover, PAH-patients with lower levels of vitD have worse prognosis. We hypothesize that recovering optimal levels of vitD in an animal model of PAH previously depleted of vitD improves the hemodynamics, the endothelial dysfunction and the ionic remodeling. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed a vitD-free diet for five weeks and then received a single dose of Su5416 (20 mg/Kg) and were exposed to vitD-free diet and chronic hypoxia (10% O2) for three weeks to induce PAH. Following this, vitD deficient rats with PAH were housed in room air and randomly divided into two groups: (a) continued on vitD-free diet or (b) received an oral dose of 100,000 IU/Kg of vitD plus standard diet for three weeks. Hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary arterial contractility, and K+ currents were analyzed. Results: Recovering optimal levels of vitD improved endothelial function, measured by an increase in the endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to acetylcholine. It also increased the activity of TASK-1 potassium channels. However, vitD supplementation did not reduce pulmonary pressure and did not ameliorate pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricle hypertrophy. Conclusions: Altogether, these data suggest that in animals with PAH and severe deficit of vitD, restoring vitD levels to an optimal range partially improves some pathophysiological features of PAH.

ID: 123: ROLE OF MICRORNA-1 IN REGULATING PULMONARY VASCULAR REMODELING IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 969.1-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Sysol ◽  
J Chen ◽  
S Singla ◽  
V Natarajan ◽  
RF Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle

RationalePulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe, progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance due in part to uncontrolled vascular remodeling. The mechanisms contributing to vascular remodeling in PAH are poorly understood and involve rampant pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. We recently demonstrated the important role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), a lipid kinase producing pro-proliferative sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH. However, the regulatory processes involved in upregulation of SphK1 in this disease are unknown.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to identify novel molecular mechanisms governing the regulation of SphK1 expression, with a focus on microRNA (miR). Using both in vitro studies in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and an in vivo mouse model of experimental hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension (HPH), we explored the role of miR in controlling SphK1 expression in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling.Methods and ResultsIn silico analysis identified hsa-miR-1-3p (miR-1) as a candidate targeting SphK1. We demonstrate miR-1 is down-regulated by hypoxia in human PASMCs and in lung tissues of mice with HPH, coinciding with upregulation of SphK1 expression. PASMCs isolated from patients with PAH had significantly reduced expression of miR-1. Transfection of human PASMCs with miR-1 mimics significantly attenuated activity of a SphK1-3'-UTR luciferase reporter construct and SphK1 protein expression. miR-1 overexpression in human PASMCs also inhibited proliferation and migration under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, both important in pathogenic vascular remodeling in PAH. Finally, we demonstrated that intravenous administration of miR-1 mimics prevents the development of experimental HPH in mice and attenuates induction of SphK1 in PASMCs.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that miR-1 expression in reduced in PASMCs from PAH patients, is modulated by hypoxia, and regulates the expression of SphK1. Key phenotypic aspects of vascular remodeling are influenced by miR-1 and its overexpression can prevent the development of HPH in mice. These studies further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathogenic pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and could lead to novel therapeutic targets.Supported by grants NIH/NHLBI R01 HL127342 and R01 HL111656 to RFM, NIH/NHLBI P01 HL98050 and R01 HL127342 to VN, American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship (15PRE2190004) to JRS, and NIH/NLHBI NRSA F30 Fellowship (FHL128034A) to JRS.

scholarly journals 03 Tissue Trail Drives Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and its Inhibition Reverses Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Heart ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 98 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A1.3-A1
Author(s):  
AG Hameed ◽  
ND Arnold ◽  
J Chamberlain ◽  
J Pickworth ◽  
CMH Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

scholarly journals Novel TNIP2 and TRAF2 Variants Are Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Pienkos ◽  
Natalia Gallego ◽  
David F. Condon ◽  
Alejandro Cruz-Utrilla ◽  
Nuria Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Lung

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and right heart failure. Specific genetic variants increase the incidence of PAH in carriers with a family history of PAH, those who suffer from certain medical conditions, and even those with no apparent risk factors. Inflammation and immune dysregulation are related to vascular remodeling in PAH, but whether genetic susceptibility modifies the PAH immune response is unclear. TNIP2 and TRAF2 encode for immunomodulatory proteins that regulate NF-κB activation, a transcription factor complex associated with inflammation and vascular remodeling in PAH.Methods: Two unrelated families with PAH cases underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES). A custom pipeline for variant prioritization was carried out to obtain candidate variants. To determine the impact of TNIP2 and TRAF2 in cell proliferation, we performed an MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay on healthy lung pericytes transfected with siRNA specific for each gene. To measure the effect of loss of TNIP2 and TRAF2 on NF-kappa-beta (NF-κB) activity, we measured levels of Phospho-p65-NF-κB in siRNA-transfected pericytes using western immunoblotting.Results: We discovered a novel missense variant in the TNIP2 gene in two affected individuals from the same family. The two patients had a complex form of PAH with interatrial communication and scleroderma. In the second family, WES of the proband with PAH and primary biliary cirrhosis revealed a de novo protein-truncating variant in the TRAF2. The knockdown of TNIP2 and TRAF2 increased NF-κB activity in healthy lung pericytes, which correlated with a significant increase in proliferation over 24 h.Conclusions: We have identified two rare novel variants in TNIP2 and TRAF2 using WES. We speculate that loss of function in these genes promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling by allowing overactivation of the NF-κB signaling activity. Our findings support a role for WES in helping identify novel genetic variants associated with dysfunctional immune response in PAH.

scholarly journals Baicalin prevents pulmonary arterial remodeling in vivo via the AKT/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 204589401987859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guosen Yan ◽  
Jinxia Wang ◽  
Tao Yi ◽  
Junfen Cheng ◽  
Haixu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rapidly progressive and often fatal disease. As the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension remains unclear, there is currently no good drug for pulmonary arterial hypertension and new therapy is desperately needed. This study investigated the effects and mechanism of baicalin on vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. A rat pulmonary arterial hypertension model was constructed using intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline, and different doses of baicalin were used to treat these rats. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were measured with a right heart catheter. Moreover, the hearts were dissected to determine the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI). The lung tissues were stained with H&E and Masson's staining to estimate the pulmonary vascular remodeling and collagen fibrosis, and the expression of proteins in the AKT, ERK, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation (p-AKT, p-ERK, p-p65) was examined by Western blot analysis. We found that compared with untreated pulmonary arterial hypertension rats, baicalin ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling and cardiorespiratory injury, inhibited p-p65 and p-ERK expression, and promoted p-AKT and p-eNOS expression. In conclusion, baicalin interfered with pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension development in rats through the AKT/eNOS, ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

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