Amphetamine Use in Stroke Recovery: Rehabilitative Training Combined with Brain Stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Shahid Bashir ◽  
Kaleem Imdad ◽  
Isaac Túnez
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Amphetamine Use

Behavioral and Neural Effects of Bihemispheric Brain Stimulation on Stroke Recovery

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S94
Author(s):  
R Lindenberg ◽  
LL Zhu ◽  
V Renga ◽  
D Nair ◽  
G Schlaug
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Recovery

scholarly journals Using theoretical models from adult stroke recovery to improve use of noninvasive brain stimulation for children with congenital hemiparesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 1435-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Liang Lin ◽  
Kelsey A. Potter-Baker
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Motor Improvement

Noninvasive brain stimulation has been widely used for adults with stroke to improve upper limb motor function. A recent study by Kirton and colleagues (Kirton A, Ciechanski P, Zewdie E, Andersen J, Nettel-Aguirre A, Carlson H, Carsolio L, Herrero M, Quigley J, Mineyko A, Hodge J, Hill M. Neurology 88: 259–267, 2017) applied noninvasive brain stimulation to children with congenital hemiparesis but found no significant effect of noninvasive brain stimulation on motor function. Here, we explore theories about cortical reorganization in both adult and children with hemiparesis and discuss how to improve the approaches of noninvasive brain stimulation to generate optimal motor improvement and development for children with congenital hemiparesis.

scholarly journals Restorative Therapies after Stroke: Drugs, Devices and Robotics

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 051-065
Author(s):  
MV Padma Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Self Repair ◽  
Repair Systems

ABSTRACTRestorative therapies aim to improve outcome and function by promoting plasticity within a therapeutic time window between days to weeks to years. In this article, the mechanisms by which cell-based, pharmacological and robotic treatments stimulate endogenous brain remodelling after stroke, particularly neurogenesis, axonal plasticity and white-matter integrity are described with a brief outline of the potential of neuroimaging (fMRI) techniques. Stem cells aid stroke recovery via mechanisms depending on the type of cells used. Transplanted embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and neural stem cells (NSCs) can replace the missing brain cells in the Infarcted area, while adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) and MNCs, provide trophic support to enhance self-repair systems such as endogenous neurogenesis. Most preclinical studies of stem cell therapy for stroke have emphasized the need to enhance self-repair systems rather than to replace lost cells, regardless of the type of cells used. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) provides a valuable tool for interventional neurophysiology by modulating brain activity in a specific distributed, cortico-subcortical network. The two most commonly used techniques for noninvasive brain stimulation are transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The article also discusses the potential role and current evidence for the use of pharmacological therapy, robotics and specific forms of physiotherapy regimes in optimizing stroke recovery. Neurorestoration is a concept that has been proven emphatically in several experimental models and clinical studies of stroke. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of cell-based, pharmacological and rehabilitative therapies is of primary interest and crucial for translation of treatments to clinical use. The knowledge must provide an impetus for the development of superior, advanced and cost effective neuro restorative interventions that will enhance stroke recovery.

scholarly journals Canadian Platform for Trials in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (CanStim) Consensus Recommendations for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Upper Extremity Motor Stroke Rehabilitation Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Jodi D. Edwards ◽  
Sandra E. Black ◽  
Shaun Boe ◽  
Lara Boyd ◽  
Arthur Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Consensus Recommendations ◽  
Expert Working Group

Objective. To develop consensus recommendations for the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an adjunct intervention for upper extremity motor recovery in stroke rehabilitation clinical trials. Participants. The Canadian Platform for Trials in Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (CanStim) convened a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and researchers from institutions across Canada to form the CanStim Consensus Expert Working Group. Consensus Process. Four consensus themes were identified: (1) patient population, (2) rehabilitation interventions, (3) outcome measures, and (4) stimulation parameters. Theme leaders conducted comprehensive evidence reviews for each theme, and during a 2-day Consensus Meeting, the Expert Working Group used a weighted dot-voting consensus procedure to achieve consensus on recommendations for the use of rTMS as an adjunct intervention in motor stroke recovery rehabilitation clinical trials. Results. Based on best available evidence, consensus was achieved for recommendations identifying the target poststroke population, rehabilitation intervention, objective and subjective outcomes, and specific rTMS parameters for rehabilitation trials evaluating the efficacy of rTMS as an adjunct therapy for upper extremity motor stroke recovery. Conclusions. The establishment of the CanStim platform and development of these consensus recommendations is a first step toward the translation of noninvasive brain stimulation technologies from the laboratory to clinic to enhance stroke recovery.

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