scholarly journals Compressive Strength of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood after PEG Treatment with Concentration and Solvent

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Waterlogged Archaeological Wood ◽  
Peg Treatment

Transverse mechanical behaviour and moisture absorption of waterlogged archaeological wood from the Vasa ship

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Ljungdahl ◽  
Lars A. Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Waterlogged Archaeological Wood ◽  
Tangential Stiffness ◽  
Compressive Loads

Abstract Damage on the hull of the 17th century Swedish warship Vasa has been observed recently. Damage in the form of indentations in the wood is caused by high compressive loads from the support structure. In the process of developing an improved support structure, radial mechanical properties and the deformation mechanisms of Vasa oak are particularly important. Causes of differences in PEG content and oak degradation are also of interest. The radial modulus and compressive strength of Vasa oak are 50% lower than for recent oak. Furthermore, a significant change in failure mechanism is observed. More brittle separation fracture of the rays of Vasa oak is observed compared to the continuous folds of rays in recent oak. Tangential stiffness and strength are also 30% and 50% lower, respectively. Comparably small differences in moisture absorption between PEG-extracted Vasa oak and recent oak indicate a low extent of degradation of the Vasa oak.

scholarly journals Even Visually Intact Cell Walls in Waterlogged Archaeological Wood Are Chemically Deteriorated and Mechanically Fragile: A Case of a 170 Year-Old Shipwreck

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuyang Han ◽  
Xingling Tian ◽  
Tobias Keplinger ◽  
Haibin Zhou ◽  
Ren Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Waterlogged Archaeological Wood ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Crystallite Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Mechanics

Structural and chemical deterioration and its impact on cell wall mechanics were investigated for visually intact cell walls (VICWs) in waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW). Cell wall mechanical properties were examined by nanoindentation without prior embedding. WAW showed more than 25% decrease of both hardness and elastic modulus. Changes of cell wall composition, cellulose crystallite structure and porosity were investigated by ATR-FTIR imaging, Raman imaging, wet chemistry, 13C-solid state NMR, pyrolysis-GC/MS, wide angle X-ray scattering, and N2 nitrogen adsorption. VICWs in WAW possessed a cleavage of carboxyl in side chains of xylan, a serious loss of polysaccharides, and a partial breakage of β-O-4 interlinks in lignin. This was accompanied by a higher amount of mesopores in cell walls. Even VICWs in WAW were severely deteriorated at the nanoscale with impact on mechanics, which has strong implications for the conservation of archaeological shipwrecks.

New trials in the consolidation of waterlogged archaeological wood with different acetone-carried products

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2957-2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianna Giachi ◽  
Chiara Capretti ◽  
Ines D. Donato ◽  
Nicola Macchioni ◽  
Benedetto Pizzo
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Alternative Biocides for the Preservation of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2015
Author(s):  
Federica Antonelli ◽  
Marco Bartolini ◽  
Marie-Laure Plissonnier ◽  
Alfonso Esposito ◽  
Giulia Galotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Waterlogged Archaeological Wood ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Waterlogged archaeological wood is exposed to a high risk of biological degradation during the post-excavation phases of storage and restoration. For this reason, often biocides must be used to preserve wooden remains. In the present work three essential oils (cinnamon, wild thyme, and common thyme) were tested as possible alternative biocides to use in the preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood. The oils were first tested in vitro to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and to evaluate the biocidal activity on selected fungal strains. Then, the established MIC was applied on waterlogged archaeological wood samples and during an actual restoration treatment. The effectiveness of the oils was evaluated through cultural analyses, ATP quantification, and next-generation sequencing. The results showed that the oils caused a significant decrease in the vitality of fungal mycelia grown in vitro and of the microbiota present in treated wood and storage water. Furthermore, an influence on the composition of the bacterial communities of treated wood samples was observed. Although further tests are needed to evaluate interferences with the materials used during restoration procedures, essential oils could be considered as a possible alternative to the currently used biocide.

THE CHARACTERIZATION OF WATERLOGGED ARCHAEOLOGICAL WOOD: THE THREE ROMAN SHIPS FOUND IN NAPLES (ITALY)*

Archaeometry ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CAPRETTI ◽  
N. MACCHIONI ◽  
B. PIZZO ◽  
G. GALOTTA ◽  
G. GIACHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

Bio-based consolidants for waterlogged archaeological wood: Assessment of the performance and optimization of the diagnostic protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Alessandra Papacchini ◽  
Simona Dominici ◽  
Giuseppina Di Giulio ◽  
Marco Fioravanti ◽  
Antonella Salvini
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Wood ◽  
Waterlogged Archaeological Wood ◽  
Diagnostic Protocol
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