scholarly journals Evaluation of Suppressiveness of Soils Exhibiting Soil-Borne Disease Suppression after Long-Term Application of Organic Amendments by the Co-cultivation Method of Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Indigenous Soil Microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Mitsuboshi ◽  
Yuuzou Kioka ◽  
Katsunori Noguchi ◽  
Susumu Asakawa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Cultivation Method

Organic Amendments, Beneficial Microbes, and Soil Microbiota: Toward a Unified Framework for Disease Suppression

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Bonanomi ◽  
Matteo Lorito ◽  
Francesco Vinale ◽  
Sheridan L. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Microbes

Organic amendments (OAs) and soilborne biocontrol agents or beneficial microbes (BMs) have been extensively studied and applied worldwide in most agriculturally important plant species. However, poor integration of research and technical approaches has limited the development of effective disease management practices based on the combination of these two bio-based strategies. Insights into the importance of the plant-associated microbiome for crop productivity, which can be modified or modulated by introducing OAs and/or BMs, are providing novel opportunities to achieve the goal of long-term disease control. This review discusses novel ways of functionally characterizing OAs and how they may be used to promote the effect of added biocontrol agents and/or beneficial soil microbiota to support natural suppressiveness of plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Type of organic fertilizer rather than organic amendment per se increases abundance of soil biota

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11204
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft ◽  
Laura G.A. Riggi ◽  
Riccardo Bommarco ◽  
Sara Hallin ◽  
Astrid R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Wide Range

Addition of organic amendments is a commonly used practice to offset potential loss of soil organic matter from agricultural soils. The aim of the present study was to examine how long-term addition of organic matter affects the abundance of different soil biota across trophic levels and the role that the quality of the organic amendments plays. Here we used a 17-year-old fertilization experiment to investigate soil biota responses to four different organic fertilizers, compared with two mineral nitrogen fertilizers and no fertilization, where the organic fertilizers had similar carbon content but varied in their carbon to nitrogen ratios. We collected soil samples and measured a wide range of organisms belonging to different functional groups and trophic levels of the soil food web. Long-term addition of organic and mineral fertilizers had beneficial effects on the abundances of most soil organisms compared with unfertilized soil, but the responses differed between soil biota. The organic fertilizers generally enhanced bacteria and earthworms. Fungi and nematodes responded positively to certain mineral and organic fertilizers, indicating that multiple factors influenced by the fertilization may affect these heterogeneous groups. Springtails and mites were less affected by fertilization than the other groups, as they were present at relatively high abundances even in the unfertilized treatment. However, soil pH had a great influence on springtail abundance. In summary, the specific fertilizer was more important in determining the numerical and compositional responses of soil biota than whether it was mineral or organic. Overall, biennial organic amendments emerge as insufficient, by themselves, to promote soil organisms in the long run, and would need to be added annually or combined with other practices affecting soil quality, such as no or reduced tillage and other crop rotations, to have a beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Non-Specific Interactions of Rhizospheric Microbial Communities Support the Establishment of Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea in an Amazon Rehabilitating Mineland

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2079
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Sidney Vasconcelos do Nascimento ◽  
Hector Herrera ◽  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Silvio Junio Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Wide Range

Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea (Fabaceae) is endemic to ferruginous tropical rocky outcrops in the eastern Amazon, also known as canga. Canga are often associated with mining activities and are the target of protection and rehabilitation projects. M. acutistipula stands out in this biodiversity hotspot with high growth rates, even in rehabilitating minelands (RMs). However, little is known about the diversity of soil microorganisms interacting with M. acutistipula in canga and RMs. This study analyzed the rhizosphere-associated bacterial and fungal microbial communities associated with M. acutistipula growing in an RM and a native shrub canga. The fungal phylum Ascomycota was the dominant taxa identified in the rhizosphere of the canga (RA: 98.1) and RM (RA: 93.1). The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria (RA: 54.3) and Acidobacteria (RA: 56.2) were the dominant taxa identified in the rhizosphere in the canga and RM, respectively. Beneficial genera such as Bradyrhizobium, Rhodoplanes, and Paraconiothyrium were identified in the rhizosphere of M. acutistipula in both areas. However, the analyses showed that the fungal and bacterial diversity differed between the rhizosphere of the canga and RM, and that the microbial taxa adapted to the canga (i.e., Rasamsonia, Scytalidium, Roseiarcus, and Rhodomicrobium) were lacking in the RM. This influences the microbe-mediated soil processes, affecting long-term rehabilitation success. The results showed that M. acutistipula established non-specific interactions with soil microorganisms, including beneficial taxa such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and other beneficial endophytes, well known for their importance in plant adaptation and survival. High levels of microbe association and a plant’s ability to recruit a wide range of soil microorganisms help to explain M. acutistipula’s success in rehabilitating minelands.

scholarly journals KEEFEKTIFAN FORMULA MINYAK CENGKEH DAN SERAI WANGI TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae PENYEBAB BUSUK BATANG VANILI

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
MESAK TOMBE ◽  
DARMAWAN PANGERAN ◽  
TRI SAPTARI HARYANI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Green House ◽  
Microorganism Population

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Busuk batang vanili (BBV) yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium<br />oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) merupakan patogen penting pada vanili dan<br />menyebabkan kerugian besar setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Jumlah<br />kerugian diperkirakan sebesar 3.000 ton atau sekitar US$ 16 juta.<br />Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Kelti Hama dan<br />Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulan<br />Februari 2010 sampai Agustus 2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk<br />mengetahui pengaruh formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan<br />serai wangi terhadap penyakit BBV dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan<br />mikroorganisme tanah. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan penelitian dilaku-<br />kan dalam 3 tahap yaitu : (1) uji formula in vitro, (2) uji formula in vivo,<br />dan (3) uji dampak formula terhadap mikroorganisme tanah. Percobaan<br />tahap 1, 2, dan 3 masing-masing terdiri atas 10, 6, dan 6 perlakuan,<br />dan.masing-masing disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan<br />3 ulangan. Materi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) formula<br />dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh (formula standar), (2) formula dengan<br />bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi (formula baru), dan (3)<br />fungisida sintetis berbahan aktif mankozeb sebagai pembanding. Hasil uji<br />in vitro menunjukkan bahwa fungisida nabati CS (minyak cengkeh + serai<br />wangi) pada ke 3 tingkatan konsentrasi (terutama konsentrasi 400 ppm)<br />memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan<br />miselium dan produksi spora patogen Fov.F117 dibandingkan perlakuan<br />lain dan kontrol. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan hal yang sama bahwa<br />fungisida nabati CS memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam<br />menekan intensitas serangan patogen BBV, terutama pada dosis aplikasi 5<br />ml/l. Dampak perlakuan terhadap kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah (fungi<br />dan bakteri) memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida sintetis<br />mankozeb menghambat kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah 90-100% jika<br />dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Populasi mikroorganisme tanah pada semua<br />perlakuan fungisida nabati lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan fungisida<br />mankozeb. Populasi mikroorganisme pada aplikasi fungisida nabati pada<br />dosis 5 ml/l tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini<br />menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh<br />terutama jika dikombinasikan dengan minyak serai wangi mempunyai<br />prospek untuk digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit BBV dengan<br />interval aplikasi 3-4 minggu sekali.<br />Kata kunci : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp, vanillae, busuk<br />batang vanili, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Vanilla stem rot (VSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.<br />vanillae (Fov) is an important disease on vanilla and causes severe loss<br />annually in Indonesia. The total annual loss in production due to the VSR<br />was estimated to be 3,000 ton or about US$ 16 million. This research was<br />carried out in the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease of<br />Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from February<br />2010 until August 2010. The objective of this research was to study the<br />effect of formula using active compounds of clove and citronella oils on<br />the VSR disease and its impact on the survival of soil microorganisms.<br />The research activities were conducted in three stages, namely (1) in vitro<br />formula test; (2) in vivo formula test, and (3) impact test of formula on the<br />soil microorganisms. Materials studied in this research were (1) formula<br />with active compound of clove oil (standard), (2) formula with active<br />compound of clove and citronella oils (new formula), and (3) synthetic<br />fungicide with mancozeb active ingredient as comparison. Every phase of<br />this 3 stage experiment was arranged using completely randomized design<br />with three replicates. First, second, and third phases of the experiment<br />consisted of 10, 6, and 6 treatments, respectively. In vitro test results<br />carried out in the laboratory indicated that botanical formula CS (clove and<br />citronella oils of the three concentration levels, especially on the 400 ppm)<br />showed high effectiveness on inhibiting mycelium growth and spore<br />production of Fov.F117 pathogen compared to other treatments and<br />control. In vivo test in the green house indicated the same result that<br />botanical fungicide CS (clove dan citronella oils) showed high<br />effectiveness in suppressing VSR disease infection intensity, especially on<br />5 ml/l dosage. Application of mancozeb synthetic fungicide inhibited 90 –<br />100% soil microorganism livelihood compared to control. However, the<br />soil microorganism population on all botanical fungicides was higher than<br />on mancozeb fungicide. The microorganism population on the botanical<br />fungicide of 5 ml/l dosage was not significantly different from the control<br />(natural soil with no treatment). This research indicates that aplication of<br />botanical fungicide (combination between clove and citronella oils) with<br />3 - 4 weeks interval is prospectous to control VSR disease.<br />Key words : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum, f.sp. vanillae,<br />vanilla stem rot, clove oil, citronella oil</p>

scholarly journals The sss Colonization Gene of the Tomato-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Biocontrol Strain Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 Can Improve Root Colonization of Other Wild-type Pseudomonas spp. Bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1177-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Dekkers ◽  
Ine H. M. Mulders ◽  
Claartje C. Phoelich ◽  
Thomas F. C. Chin-A-Woeng ◽  
André H. M. Wijfjes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Colonization Ability

We show that the disease tomato foot and root rot caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici can be controlled by inoculation of seeds with cells of the efficient root colonizer Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365, indicating that strain WCS365 is a bio-control strain. The mechanism for disease suppression most likely is induced systemic resistance. P. fluorescens strain WCS365 and P. chlororaphis strain PCL1391, which acts through the production of the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxamide, were differentially labeled using genes encoding autofluorescent proteins. Inoculation of seeds with a 1:1 mixture of these strains showed that, at the upper part of the root, the two cell types were present as microcolonies of either one or both cell types. Microcolonies at the lower root part were predominantly of one cell type. Mixed inoculation tended to improve biocontrol in comparison with single inoculations. In contrast to what was observed previously for strain PCL1391, mutations in various colonization genes, including sss, did not consistently decrease the biocontrol ability of strain WCS365. Multiple copies of the sss colonization gene in WCS365 improved neither colonization nor biocontrol by this strain. However, introduction of the sss-containing DNA fragment into the poor colonizer P. fluorescens WCS307 and into the good colonizer P. fluorescens F113 increased the competitive tomato root tip colonization ability of the latter strains 16- to 40-fold and 8- to 16-fold, respectively. These results show that improvement of the colonization ability of wild-type Pseudomonas strains by genetic engineering is a realistic goal.

Enhanced phosphorus mobility in a calcareous soil with organic amendments additions: Insights from a long term study with equal phosphorus input

2022 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 114451
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Liying Wang ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Bingqian Fan ◽  
Shaowen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study
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