Terminal Restriction Pattern Analysis of 16S rRNA Genes for the Characterization of Bacterial Communities of Activated Sludge.

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA HIRAISHI ◽  
MITSURU IWASAKI ◽  
HISASHI SHINJO
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes

scholarly journals Coaggregation among Nonflocculating Bacteria Isolated from Activated Sludge

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6056-6063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anushree Malik ◽  
Masashi Sakamoto ◽  
Shohei Hanazaki ◽  
Masamitsu Osawa ◽  
Takanori Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Spectrophotometric Assay ◽  
Full Length ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Acinetobacter Junii ◽  
Acinetobacter Johnsonii

ABSTRACT Thirty-two strains of nonflocculating bacteria isolated from sewage-activated sludge were tested by a spectrophotometric assay for their ability to coaggregate with one other in two-membered systems. Among these strains, eight showed significant (74 to 99%) coaggregation with Acinetobacter johnsonii S35 while only four strains coaggregated, to a lesser extent (43 to 65%), with Acinetobacter junii S33. The extent and pattern of coaggregation as well as the aggregate size showed good correlation with cellular characteristics of the coaggregating partners. These strains were identified by sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes. A. johnsonii S35 could coaggregate with strains of several genera, such as Oligotropha carboxidovorans, Microbacterium esteraromaticum, and Xanthomonas spp. The role of Acinetobacter isolates as bridging organisms in multigeneric coaggregates is indicated. This investigation revealed the role of much-neglected nonflocculating bacteria in floc formation in activated sludge.

scholarly journals Census of the Viral Metagenome within an Activated Sludge Microbial Assemblage

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2673-2677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa C. Parsley ◽  
Erin J. Consuegra ◽  
Stephen J. Thomas ◽  
Jaysheel Bhavsar ◽  
Andrew M. Land ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Microbial Assemblage ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Culture Dependent

ABSTRACT The viral metagenome within an activated sludge microbial assemblage was sampled using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods and compared to the diversity of activated sludge bacterial taxa. A total of 70 unique cultured bacterial isolates, 24 cultured bacteriophages, 829 bacterial metagenomic clones of 16S rRNA genes, and 1,161 viral metagenomic clones were subjected to a phylogenetic analysis.

Characterization of the microbial diversity in a biotreatment process using non-culture based methods

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. You ◽  
C.F. Ouyang ◽  
S.F. Lin ◽  
W.T. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Microbial Structures ◽  
Population Structures

Molecular techniques were used to compare the microbial community of suspended activated sludge and attached biofilm in a biological nutrient removal process (TNCU-I) operated under various COD/total P (COD/TP) feed ratios. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism of amplified 16S rRNA genes indicated that the microbial population structures were more closely related among those sludge samples taken from aerobic sludge than that taken from biofilm attached on the RBC. The use of different COD/TP feed ratios (300/2.5-300/25) had no significant effect on the change of microbial structures of sludge samples. The 16S rDNA clone library further indicated that at least eight and six different microbial populations were present in activated sludge and RBC biofilm, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that six of those eight major clones obtained from the suspended activated sludge were from the beta-subclass of the class Proteobacteria. In contrast, only one clone obtained from biofilm belonged to the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria. This difference in the microbial population structure was possibly attributed to the growth state (suspended or attached) or carbon source (autographs or heterotrophs) of the sludge samples rather than the effect of the COD/TP ratio used.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium intracellulare-related strains based on the sequence analysis of hsp65, internal transcribed spacer and 16S rRNA genes

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo-Hee Park ◽  
Tae-Sun Shim ◽  
Seung-Ae Lee ◽  
Hyungki Lee ◽  
In-Kyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mycobacterium Intracellulare ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

We investigated the molecular epidemiological features of 94 Mycobacterium intracellulare-related strains, isolated from Korean patients, using sequence analysis targeting 3 independent chronometer molecules, hsp65, the internal transcribed spacer 1 region and the 16S rRNA gene. By collective consideration of these three gene-based approaches, the 94 strains were divided into 5 groups (INT1, INT2, INT3, INT4 and INT5). The frequencies of genotype INT1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in the 94 isolates were 57.4 % (54), 27.7 % (26), 6.4 % (6), 5.3 % (5) and 3.2 % (3), respectively. When correlations between genotypes and clinical parameters (age, sex, radiological type and the presence of a cavity) were analysed in 78 patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary diseases, no relationships were observed with respect to age, sex and radiological type, but genotype and the presence of a cavity tended to be related (P=0.051).

scholarly journals Archaeal and Bacterial Communities Respond Differently to Environmental Gradients in Anoxic Sediments of a California Hypersaline Lake, the Salton Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon K. Swan ◽  
Christopher J. Ehrhardt ◽  
Kristen M. Reifel ◽  
Lilliana I. Moreno ◽  
David L. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Salton Sea ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Anoxic Sediments

ABSTRACT Sulfidic, anoxic sediments of the moderately hypersaline Salton Sea contain gradients in salinity and carbon that potentially structure the sedimentary microbial community. We investigated the abundance, community structure, and diversity of Bacteria and Archaea along these gradients to further distinguish the ecologies of these domains outside their established physiological range. Quantitative PCR was used to enumerate 16S rRNA gene abundances of Bacteria, Archaea, and Crenarchaeota. Community structure and diversity were evaluated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), quantitative analysis of gene (16S rRNA) frequencies of dominant microorganisms, and cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA. Archaea were numerically dominant at all depths and exhibited a lesser response to environmental gradients than that of Bacteria. The relative abundance of Crenarchaeota was low (0.4 to 22%) at all depths but increased with decreased carbon content and increased salinity. Salinity structured the bacterial community but exerted no significant control on archaeal community structure, which was weakly correlated with total carbon. Partial sequencing of archaeal 16S rRNA genes retrieved from three sediment depths revealed diverse communities of Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota, many of which were affiliated with groups previously described from marine sediments. The abundance of these groups across all depths suggests that many putative marine archaeal groups can tolerate elevated salinity (5.0 to 11.8% [wt/vol]) and persist under the anaerobic conditions present in Salton Sea sediments. The differential response of archaeal and bacterial communities to salinity and carbon patterns is consistent with the hypothesis that adaptations to energy stress and availability distinguish the ecologies of these domains.

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