scholarly journals Hyperglycemia Reduces Mitochondrial Content and Glucose Transporter Expression in Mouse Embryos Developing In Vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Hui SHEN ◽  
Young-Joon HAN ◽  
Byoung-Chul YANG ◽  
Xiang-Shun CUI ◽  
Nam-Hyung KIM
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
Transporter Expression

Glucose transporter expression is developmentally regulated in in vitro derived bovine preimplantation embryos

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Augustin ◽  
Paola Pocar ◽  
Anne Navarrete-Santos ◽  
Christine Wrenzycki ◽  
Fulvio Gandolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Transporter Expression

Stability of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 expression in perfused rat muscle stimulated by insulin and exercise

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. X. Han ◽  
A. Handberg ◽  
L. N. Petersen ◽  
T. Ploug ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glut 1 ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Glucose Transporter Mrna ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Transporter Expression

In vivo exercise and insulin may change the concentrations of GLUT-4 protein and mRNA in muscle. We studied in vitro whether adaptations in glucose transporter expression are initiated during a single prolonged period of contractions or during insulin stimulation. Rat hindquarters were perfused at 7 mM glucose for 2 h with or without insulin (> 20,000 microU/ml) while the sciatic nerve of one leg was stimulated to produce repeated tetanic contractions. During electrical stimulation, contraction force decreased 93 +/- 1% (SE; n = 26) and muscle glycogen was markedly diminished (P < 0.05). Both contractions and insulin markedly increased glucose transport and uptake (P < 0.05). At the end of contractions, glycogen was higher in the presence of than in the absence of insulin (24 +/- 4 vs. 14 +/- 3 mumol/g for the soleus and 13 +/- 2 vs. 8 +/- 1 mumol/g for the red gastrocnemius, respectively; P < 0.05). In nonstimulated muscle, glucose transporter mRNA and protein concentrations were higher in the soleus than in the white gastrocnemius (GLUT-4 mRNA 184 +/- 18 vs. 131 +/- 36 arbitrary units; GLUT-1 mRNA 173 +/- 29 vs. 114 +/- 26 arbitrary units; GLUT-4 protein 0.96 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.46 +/- 0.03 arbitrary units; GLUT-1 protein 0.41 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.05 arbitrary units, respectively; P < 0.05). These concentrations were not changed by contractions or insulin. In conclusion, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 mRNA and protein levels are higher in slow-twitch oxidative than in fast-twitch glycolytic fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Comprehensive in silico Study of GLUT10: Prediction of Possible Substrate Binding Sites and Interacting Molecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad J. Hosen ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Sourav Chakraborty ◽  
Ruhshan A. Abir ◽  
Abdullah Zubaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Substrate Binding ◽  
Mutation Screening ◽  
Homology Model ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorder ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Substrate Binding Site

Objectives: The Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome (ATS) is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder, mainly characterized by tortuosity and stenosis of the arteries with a propensity towards aneurysm formation and dissection. It is caused by mutations in the SLC2A10 gene that encodes the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT10. The molecules transported by and interacting with GLUT10 have still not been unambiguously identified. Hence, the study attempts to identify both the substrate binding site of GLUT10 and the molecules interacting with this site. Methods: As High-resolution X-ray crystallographic structure of GLUT10 was not available, 3D homology model of GLUT10 in open conformation was constructed. Further, molecular docking and bioinformatics investigation were employed. Results and Discussion: Blind docking of nine reported potential in vitro substrates with this 3D homology model revealed that substrate binding site is possibly made with PRO531, GLU507, GLU437, TRP432, ALA506, LEU519, LEU505, LEU433, GLN525, GLN510, LYS372, LYS373, SER520, SER124, SER533, SER504, SER436 amino acid residues. Virtual screening of all metabolites from the Human Serum Metabolome Database and muscle metabolites from Human Metabolite Database (HMDB) against the GLUT10 revealed possible substrates and interacting molecules for GLUT10, which were found to be involved directly or partially in ATS progression or different arterial disorders. Reported mutation screening revealed that a highly emergent point mutation (c. 1309G>A, p. Glu437Lys) is located in the predicted substrate binding site region. Conclusion: Virtual screening expands the possibility to explore more compounds that can interact with GLUT10 and may aid in understanding the mechanisms leading to ATS.

scholarly journals Totipotency of mouse zygotes extends to single blastomeres of embryos at the four-cell stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino Maemura ◽  
Hiroaki Taketsuru ◽  
Yuki Nakajima ◽  
Ruiqi Shao ◽  
Ayaka Kakihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Primitive Endoderm ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Mouse Zygotes ◽  
Single Blastomeres ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

AbstractIn multicellular organisms, oocytes and sperm undergo fusion during fertilization and the resulting zygote gives rise to a new individual. The ability of zygotes to produce a fully formed individual from a single cell when placed in a supportive environment is known as totipotency. Given that totipotent cells are the source of all multicellular organisms, a better understanding of totipotency may have a wide-ranging impact on biology. The precise delineation of totipotent cells in mammals has remained elusive, however, although zygotes and single blastomeres of embryos at the two-cell stage have been thought to be the only totipotent cells in mice. We now show that a single blastomere of two- or four-cell mouse embryos can give rise to a fertile adult when placed in a uterus, even though blastomere isolation disturbs the transcriptome of derived embryos. Single blastomeres isolated from embryos at the eight-cell or morula stages and cultured in vitro manifested pronounced defects in the formation of epiblast and primitive endoderm by the inner cell mass and in the development of blastocysts, respectively. Our results thus indicate that totipotency of mouse zygotes extends to single blastomeres of embryos at the four-cell stage.

scholarly journals A Review on the Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties of Traditional Ethnomedicinal Plant Sonapatha, Oroxylum indicum

Sinusitis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Oroxylin A ◽  
Oroxylum Indicum

Oroxylum indicum, Sonapatha is traditionally used to treat asthma, biliousness, bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, fevers, vomiting, inflammation, leukoderma, skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, wound injury, and deworm intestine. This review has been written by collecting the relevant information from published material on various ethnomedicinal and pharmacological aspects of Sonapatha by making an internet, PubMed, SciFinder, Science direct, and Google Scholar search. Various experimental studies have shown that Sonapatha scavenges different free radicals and possesses alkaloids, flavonoids, cardio glycosides, tannins, sterols, phenols, saponins, and other phytochemicals. Numerous active principles including oroxylin A, chrysin, scutellarin, baicalein, and many more have been isolated from the different parts of Sonapatha. Sonapatha acts against microbial infection, cancer, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and diabetic disorders. It is useful in the treatment of obesity and wound healing in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Sonapatha elevates glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels and reduces aspartate transaminase alanine aminotransaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation levels in various tissues. Sonapatha activates the expression of p53, pRb, Fas, FasL, IL-12, and caspases and inhibited nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin (IL6), P38 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c), proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), glucose transporter (GLUT4), leptin, and HPV18 oncoproteins E6 and E7 at the molecular level, which may be responsible for its medicinal properties. The phytoconstituents of Sonapatha including oroxylin A, chrysin, and baicalein inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in in vitro and in vivo experimental models, indicating its potential to contain COVID-19 infection in humans. The experimental studies in various preclinical models validate the use of Sonapatha in ethnomedicine and Ayurveda.

scholarly journals Glucose transporter expression and glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue during starvation and re-feeding

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Smith ◽  
S R Bloom ◽  
M C Sugden ◽  
M J Holness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Transporter Expression

Starvation (48 h) decreased the concentration of mRNA of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter isoform (GLUT 4) in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) (56%) and tibialis anterior (10%). Despite dramatic [7-fold (tibialis anterior) and 40-fold (IBAT)] increases in glucose utilization after 2 and 4 h of chow re-feeding, no significant changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration were observed in these tissues over this re-feeding period. The results exclude changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration in mediating the responses of glucose transport in these tissues to acute re-feeding after prolonged starvation.

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