scholarly journals Improvement of fertility in repeat breeder dairy cattle by embryo transfer following artificial insemination: possibility of interferon tau replenishment effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikari YAGINUMA ◽  
Natsumi FUNESHIMA ◽  
Nao TANIKAWA ◽  
Motoharu MIYAMURA ◽  
Hideki TSUCHIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Repeat Breeder

scholarly journals The incompletely fulfilled promise of embryo transfer in cattle—why aren’t pregnancy rates greater and what can we do about it?

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Uterine Receptivity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
Repeat Breeder ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Typically, bovine embryos are transferred into recipient females about day 7 after estrus or anticipated ovulation, when the embryo has reached the blastocyst stage of development. All the biological and technical causes for failure of a female to produce a blastocyst 7 d after natural or artificial insemination (AI) are avoided when a blastocyst-stage embryo is transferred into the female. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that pregnancy success would be higher for embryo transfer (ET) recipients than for inseminated females. This expectation is not usually met unless the recipient is exposed to heat stress or is classified as a repeat-breeder female. Rather, pregnancy success is generally similar for ET and AI. The implication is that either one or more of the technical aspects of ET have not yet been optimized or that underlying female fertility that causes an embryo to die before day 7 also causes it to die later in pregnancy. Improvements in pregnancy success after ET will depend upon making a better embryo, improving uterine receptivity, and forging new tools for production and transfer of embryos. Key to accelerating progress in improving pregnancy rates will be the identification of phenotypes or phenomes that allow the prediction of embryo competence for survival and maternal capacity to support embryonic development.

Biotechnologies of reproduction applied to dairy cattle production: Embryo transfer and IVF

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bousquet ◽  
E. B. Burnside ◽  
B. J. Van Doormaal
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Highly Correlated

The objective of this paper is to review the utilization and outcome of reproductive biotechnologies in dairy cattle. Embryo transfer and IVF have their respective limits that influence their impact on a genetic improvement program. Embryo transfer is efficient and profitable in an artificial insemination breeding and selection program and IVF has great potential. Development of markers highly correlated with various economic traits will progressively be added to the present schemes to make them even more powerful. Key words: Reproductive technologies, embryo transfer, IVF, dairy cows, genetic

Production of interferon by red deer (Cervus elaphus) conceptuses and the effects of roIFN-tau on the timing of luteolysis and the success of asynchronous embryo transfer

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Demmers ◽  
HN Jabbour ◽  
DW Deakin ◽  
AP Flint
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Uterine Flushing ◽  
Calving Rate

The role of interferon in early pregnancy in red deer was investigated by (a) measuring production of interferon by the conceptus, (b) testing the anti-luteolytic effect of recombinant interferon-tau in non-pregnant hinds, and (c) treatment of hinds with interferon after asynchronous embryo transfer. Blastocysts were collected from 34 hinds by uterine flushing 14 (n = 2), 16 (n = 2), 18 (n = 8), 20 (n = 13) or 22 (n = 9) days after synchronization of oestrus with progesterone withdrawal. Interferon anti-viral activity was detectable in uterine flushings from day 16 to day 22, and increased with duration of gestation (P < 0.01) and developmental stage (P < 0.01). When interferon-tau was administered daily between day 14 and day 20 to non-pregnant hinds to mimic natural blastocyst production, luteolysis was delayed by a dose of 0.2 mg day(-1) (27.3 +/- 1.3 days after synchronization, n = 4 versus 21 +/- 0 days in control hinds, n = 3; P < 0.05). Interferon-tau was administered to hinds after asynchronous embryo transfer to determine whether it protects the conceptus against early pregnancy loss. Embryos (n = 24) collected on day 6 from naturally mated, superovulated donors (n = 15) were transferred into synchronized recipients on day 10 or day 11. Interferon-tau treatment (0.2 mg daily from day 14 to 20) increased calving rate from 0 to 64% in all recipients (0/11 versus 7/11, P < 0.005), and from 0 to 67% in day 10 recipients (0/8 versus 6/9, P < 0.01). The increased success rate of asynchronous embryo transfer after interferon-tau treatment in cervids may be of benefit where mismatched embryo-maternal signalling leads to failure in the establishment of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Endometrial Inflammation at the Time of Insemination and Its Effect on Subsequent Fertility of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Karen Wagener ◽  
Marc Drillich ◽  
Christine Aurich ◽  
Christoph Gabler
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Cxcl8 Mrna ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Our objective was to investigate the level of endometrial immune response at artificial insemination (AI) and to relate it to subsequent fertility. From 71 healthy cows, endometrial cytobrush samples were taken at the first AI for cytological and mRNA analyses. Total RNA isolated from the cytobrushes was used for reverse transcription qPCR for selected transcripts. Animals were grouped into pregnant (PREG; n = 32) and non-pregnant (non-PREG; n = 39) cows following their first AI. The mRNA abundance of the neutrophil-related factor CEACAM1 and the chemokine CXCL5 was 1.2- (p = 0.03) and 2.0-fold (p = 0.04) greater in PREG than in non-PREG cows, respectively. Animals were further subdivided according to the number of inseminations until pregnancy (PREG1, n = 32; PREG2-3, n = 19) and in repeat breeder cows (RBC, n = 13). CEACAM1 and CXCL8 mRNA expression was 1.7- (p = 0.01) and 2.3-fold (p = 0.03) greater in PREG1 than in RBC, respectively. Cox regression showed that cows with PMN ≥ 1% had a 1.8-fold increased chance of pregnancy within 150 days postpartum compared with cows with fewer PMNs. We conclude that a certain level of inflammation before the stimulus of AI might be beneficial for subsequent fertility.

scholarly journals Metabolomic profiles of plasma and uterine luminal fluids from healthy and repeat breeder Holstein cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Funeshima ◽  
Ryotaro Miura ◽  
Taiga Katoh ◽  
Hikari Yaginuma ◽  
Takeshi Kitou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Uterine Fluid ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Abstract Background Repeat breeding is a critical reproductive disorder in cattle. The problem of repeat breeder cattle remains largely unmanageable due to a lack of informative biomarkers. Here, we utilized metabolomic profiling in an attempt to identify metabolites in the blood plasma and uterine luminal fluids. We collected blood and uterine fluid from repeat breeder and healthy cows on day 7 of the estrous cycle. Results Metabolomic analysis identified 17 plasma metabolites detected at concentrations that distinguished between the two groups, including decreased various bile acids among the repeat breeders. However, no metabolites that varied significantly were detected in the uterine luminal fluids between two groups. Among the plasma samples, kynurenine was identified as undergoing the most significant variation. Kynurenine is a metabolite produced from tryptophan via the actions of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). As IDO is key for maternal immune tolerance and induced in response to interferon tau (IFNT, ruminant maternal recognition of pregnancy factor), we examined the responsiveness to IFNT on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy and repeat breeder cows. The mRNA expression of IFNT-response makers (ISG15 and MX2) were significantly increased by IFNT treatment in a dose-dependent manner in both groups. Although treatment with IFNT promoted the expression of IDO in PBMCs from both groups, it did so at a substantially reduced rate among the repeat breeder cows, suggesting that decreased levels of kynurenine may relate to the reduced IDO expression in repeat breeder cows. Conclusions These findings provide valuable information towards the identification of critical biomarkers for repeat breeding syndrome in cattle.

The use of embryo transfer to produce pregnancies in repeat-breeding dairy cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Dochi ◽  
K. Takahashi ◽  
T. Hirai ◽  
H. Hayakawa ◽  
M. Tanisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Embryo Transfer
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