scholarly journals Attempt at Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection of In Vitro Matured Oocytes in Common Minke Whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Captured During the Kushiro Coast Survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka FUKUI ◽  
Hiroshi IWAYAMA ◽  
Taiki MATSUOKA ◽  
Hiroki NAGAI ◽  
Noriko KOMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Minke Whales

scholarly journals Do minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) digest wax esters?

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erling S. Nordøy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Minke Whales

Mammals are known to utilize wax esters with an efficiency of less than 50%. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether or not minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), which at times may eat considerable amounts of wax-ester-rich krill, represent an exception to this general pattern. Samples of fresh undigested forestomach, as well as colon, contents were obtained from minke whales (n5) that had been feeding on krill (Thysanoessa inermis) for some time. The samples were analysed for dry mass, energy density, lipid content and the major lipid classes, including wax esters. The concentrations of wax esters were compared with previous estimates of dry-matter disappearance of the same type of prey using anin vitrotechnique, to calculate the dry-matter digestibility of wax esters (DMDwax). Wax esters contributed 21% of the energy and 47% of total lipids in the krill diet. The energy density of gut contents decreased by 50% after their passage from forestomach to the end of the colon. The DMDwaxwas 94·1 (SD 2·8)% (n5). This high DMDwaxand the occurrence of fatty alcohols, one of the products of wax-ester hydrolysis, in faeces show that minke whales are very efficient digesters of wax esters and absorb most of the energy-rich products of this process.

scholarly journals In vitrodigestibility of different prey species of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erling S. Nordøy ◽  
Wenche Sørmo ◽  
Arnoldus Schytte Blix
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Digestion Technique

Information on diet composition, daily energy expenditure, energy storage and the utilization of energy in the prey are important factors when evaluating the food consumption of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) during their summer stay in northern waters. The purpose of the present study was in this context to obtain information on the digestible energy (DE) of different prey selected by minke whales. Anin vitrothree-stage digestion technique, simulating the different compartments of the digestive system, has been developed. The initial step simulated the anaerobic microbial fermentation of substrate in the fortestomach. The next stage included the addition of pepsin (EC3.4.23.1)–HCI, simulating ventricle enzymic decomposition, and finally, in the third step, fresh extract from duodenal contents was used to simulate enzymic intestinal degradation of the remaining components of the food. The inoculum was normally obtained from animals which had recently eaten the prey to be tested. In such tests we obtained a dry matter disappearance (DMD) and a DE for herring (Clupea harengus) of 80·4 (SD 5·0)% (n18) and 92·1 (SD 3·7) % (n16) respectively, and a DMD of krill (Thysanoessasp.) of 83·4 (SD 4·9)% (n6). The DMD of krill was reduced to 73·8 (SD 7·3)% (n8) while the DE was 70·6 (SD 10·4) % (n7) when inoculum from whales which had recently eaten cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) was used. These results indicate a high digestibility of the most common species of prey in these animals, and also that the whales have little difficulty in changing from one prey species to another.

An attempt at intracytoplasmic sperm injection of frozen-thawed minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) oocytes

Zygote ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Asada ◽  
Hong Wei ◽  
Rie Nagayama ◽  
Masafumi Tetsuka ◽  
Hajime Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Minke Whale ◽  
Oocyte Activation ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Pronuclear Formation

Little is known about the characteristics of fertilisation events in minke whales. Cryopreserved minke whale oocytes and spermatozoa do not fertilise in a standard IVF. This study was conducted to investigate the pronucleus formation ability of cryopreserved minke whale oocytes and their subsequent development following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In experiment 1, frozen-thawed minke whale immature oocytes were cultured for in vitro maturation (IVM) in a maturation medium (TCM199) supplemented with either porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH)/estradiol-17β(E2) or pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). After 120 h of IVM, oocyte survival was examined before ICSI, and showed no significant difference in morphological normality (24-36%) between the two IVM media. Two-cell embryos (two oocytes from 21 sperm-injected oocytes) were obtained when the maturation medium was supplemented with pFSH/E2 or PMSG/hCG. In experiment 2, cryopreserved maturing oocytes were investigated for the effects of repeat-culture (2 h or 24 h) on survival before ICSI. Pronuclear formation and development were examined for the effects of sperm pretreatment with dithiothreitol (DTT) and oocyte activation with ethanol at ICSI. A frequency of 49-69% of frozen-thawed maturing oocytes was used for ICSI. Although oocyte activation did not produce a significant difference in survival, pronucleus formation and embryonic development, 2- and 4-cell cleaved oocytes were observed after injection of sperm pretreated with DTT.

Developmental capacity of Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) vitrified oocytes following in vitro maturation, and parthenogenetic activation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Zygote ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Fujihira ◽  
Mariko Kobayashi ◽  
Shinichi Hochi ◽  
Masumi Hirabayashi ◽  
Hajime Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Minke Whale ◽  
Parthenogenetic Activation ◽  
Antarctic Minke Whale ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Developmental Capacity

SummaryThe present study investigated the effects of the sexual maturity of oocyte donors on in vitro maturation (IVM) and the parthenogenetic developmental capacity of fresh minke whale oocytes. The effects of cytochalasin B (CB) pretreatment and two types of cryoprotectant solutions (ethylene glycol (EG) or ethylene glycol and dimethylsulfoxide (EG + DMSO)) on the in vitro maturation of vitrified immature whale oocytes were compared, and the developmental capacity of vitrified immature whale oocytes following IVM and intracytoplasmic sperm injection examined (ICSI). The maturation rate did not differ significantly with sexual maturity (adult, 60.9%; prepubertal, 53.1%), but the parthenogenetic activation rate of oocytes from adult donors (76.7%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of oocytes from prepubertal donors (46.4%). The maturation rates after vitrification and warming were not significantly different between the EG (22.2%) and EG + DMSO groups (30.2%), or between the CB-treated (30.4%) and non-CB-treated groups (27.3%). These results indicate that parthenogenetic activation of in vitro matured oocytes from adult minke whales was superior to that from prepubertal whales, but that the developmental capacity of the whale oocytes after parthenogenetic activation or ICSI was still low. The present study also showed that CB treatment before vitrification and two kinds of cryoprotectants did not improve the IVM rate following the vitrification of immature whale oocytes.

scholarly journals Anti-Müllerian Hormone and OPU-ICSI Outcome in the Mare

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Marion Papas ◽  
Jan Govaere ◽  
Sofie Peere ◽  
Ilse Gerits ◽  
Margot Van de Velde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Independent Predictor

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) reflects the population of growing follicles and has been related to mammalian fertility. In the horse, clinical application of ovum pick-up and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (OPU-ICSI) is increasing, but results depend largely on the individuality of the mare. The aim of this study was to assess AMH as a predictor for the OPU-ICSI outcome in horses. Therefore, 103 mares with a total follicle count above 10 were included in a commercial OPU-ICSI session and serum AMH was determined using ELISA. Overall, the AMH level was significantly correlated with the number of aspirated follicles and the number of recovered oocytes (p < 0.001). Mares with a high AMH level (≥2.5 µg/L) yielded significantly greater numbers of follicles (22.9 ± 1.2), oocytes (13.5 ± 0.8), and blastocysts (2.1 ± 0.4) per OPU-ICSI session compared to mares with medium (1.5–2.5 µg/L) or low AMH levels (<1.5 µg/L), but no significant differences in blastocyst rates were observed. Yet, AMH levels were variable and 58% of the mares with low AMH also produced an embryo. In conclusion, measurement of serum AMH can be used to identify mares with higher chances of producing multiple in vitro embryos, but not as an independent predictor of successful OPU-ICSI in horses.

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