scholarly journals The eyes see what the mind seeks: a systematic review of abdominal imaging findings in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 20201220
Author(s):  
Lokesh Agarwal ◽  
Ayushi Agarwal ◽  
Shailesh Advani ◽  
Varidh Katiyar ◽  
Aprajita Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Abdominal Imaging ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Insight Into

Objectives: With the increasing recognition of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestation of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), various abdominal imaging findings are increasingly being noted. We scoped the existing literature on the abdominal imaging findings in COVID-19. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Google scholar and World Health Organization COVID-19 database. Results: 35 studies were included in the final descriptive synthesis. Among the studies reporting positive abdominal imaging findings in patients with COVID-19, majority described imaging abnormalities of the GI tract (16 studies), of which bowel wall thickening was most frequently reported. Other findings noted were abdominal imaging manifestations of bowel ischemia with thrombosis of the splanchnic vasculature, and imaging features suggestive of pancreatitis. Imaging findings suggestive of solid organ infarction were reported in nine studies. An association between imaging evidence of hepatic steatosis and COVID-19 was noted in three studies. Incidental lung base findings on abdominal imaging were noted in 18 studies, where patients presented with predominant GI symptoms. The most common finding was bilateral ground glass opacities (90.7%) with predominant multilobar (91.1%) and peripheral (64.4%) distribution. Conclusion: This systematic review provides insight into the abdominal imaging findings in patients with COVID-19. Knowledge of these imaging manifestations will not only help in further research but also will aid in curtailing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. Further prospective studies are needed to gain better insight into the pathophysiology of these imaging manifestations. Advances in knowledge: This review highlights the abdominal imaging findings in patients with COVID-19, to gain insight into the disease pathophysiology and gear the abdominal radiologist through the pandemic.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Abdominal Imaging Findings in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Priya Singh ◽  
Surya Pratap Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar Verma ◽  
Sreenivasa Narayana Raju ◽  
Anit Parihar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bowel Perforation ◽  
Abdominal Imaging ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Bowel Wall Thickening ◽  
Vessel Thrombosis

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate key imaging manifestations of COVID-19 on abdominal imaging by utilizing a comprehensive review of the published literature. <b><i>Method:</i></b> A systematic literature search from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus was performed for studies mentioning abdominal imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. Studies published from inception to 15 March 2021 were included. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 116 studies comprising 1,198 patients were included. Abdominal pain was the most common indication for abdominal imaging in 50.2% of the patients. No abnormality was seen in 48.1% of abdominopelvic computed tomography scans. Segmental bowel wall thickening (14.7%) was the most common imaging abnormality, followed by bowel ischemia (7.1%), solid organ infarction (6.7%), vessel thrombosis (6.7%), and fluid-filled colon (6.2%). Other relevant findings were dilated air-filled bowel, pancreatitis, pneumatosis/portal venous gas, bowel perforation, and appendicitis. Other than abdominal findings, COVID-19-related basal lung changes were incidentally detected in many studies. Moreover, the presence of bowel imaging findings was positively correlated with the clinical severity of COVID-19 infection. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This review describes the abdominal imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. This is pertinent for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients presenting solely with abdominal symptoms as well as in identifying abdominal complications in a known case of COVID-19.

scholarly journals MULTI-DETECTOR CT FINDINGS IN ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 352-354
Author(s):  
AAMIR SHAUKAT ◽  
ASIM SHAUKAT
Keyword(s):  
Bowel Wall ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Oral Contrast ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Urogenital Tuberculosis ◽  
Bowel Wall Thickening

Objective: To know the findings of MDCT in cases of Abdominal Tuberculosis. Patients and Methods: Fifty eight patients with suspicion of abdominal tuberculosis were scanned and the findings were evaluated. All the patients received IV and oral contrast. The patients were referred from the medical and surgical departments of Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Toshiba 4 Slice Aquilion was used for scanning. Theexclusion criterion was patients on Anti tuberculous drugs and urogenital tuberculosis. Results Following 6 findings were observed in 47 abnormal scans, Out of other 11 scans 9 had other diseases like diverticulitis, Appendicitis and Bowel Lymphoma. 2 were normal. Close medical and Surgical follow up was obtained in all cases. Ascites = 35, Omental / Mesenteric Thickening / Involving = 27, Small Bowel wall thickening =07, Large bowel wall thickening including Caecal wall thickening = 06, Abdominal Lymphadenopathy= 26, Solid Organ Involvement, Liver=01, Spleen=02. Conclusion: Ascites was the most common finding in Patients with Abdominal Tuberculosis and Involvement of liver being the least common finding amongst the group.

Prognostic Parameters of Acute Transverse Myelitis in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (14) ◽  
pp. 999-1003
Author(s):  
Esther Ganelin-Cohen ◽  
Osnat Konen ◽  
Yoram Nevo ◽  
Rony Cohen ◽  
Ayelet Halevy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Acute Transverse Myelitis

Acute transverse myelitis is a rare and disabling disorder. Data on the imaging features in children are sparse. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings characteristic of pediatric idiopathic acute transverse myelitis and to identify those with prognostic value. The database of a tertiary pediatric medical center was retrospectively reviewed for patients aged less than 18 years who were diagnosed in 2002-2017 with acute transverse myelitis that was not associated with recurrence of a demyelinating autoimmune event. Data were collected on clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings and outcome. A total of 23 children (11 male, 12 female) met the study criteria. Mean age at disease onset was 10 years, and mean duration of follow-up was 6 years 10 months. Spinal cord and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on admission or shortly thereafter. The most common finding was cross-sectional involvement, in 16 patients (70%). The mean number of involved spinal segments was 8. The most frequently involved region was the thoracic spine, in 17 patients (74%). Clinical factors predicting good prognosis were cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, absence of tetraparesis, and prolonged time to nadir. In conclusion, most children with acute transverse myelitis appear to have a good outcome. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important. Further research is needed in a larger sample to evaluate the predictive value of imaging features.

In the Modern Era of CT, Do Blunt Trauma Patients with Markers for Blunt Bowel or Mesenteric Injury Still Require Exploratory Laparotomy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 722-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn Young ◽  
Melina Benson ◽  
Andrew Higgins ◽  
James Dove ◽  
Marie Hunsinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Bowel Perforation ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Solid Organ Injury ◽  
Mesenteric Injury

After blunt trauma, certain CT markers, such as free intraperitoneal air, strongly suggest bowel perforation, whereas other markers, including free intraperitoneal fluid without solid organ injury, may be merely suspicious for acute injury. The present study aims to delineate the safety of non-operative management for markers of blunt bowel or mesenteric injury (BBMI) that are suspicious for significant bowel injury after blunt trauma. This was a retrospective review of adult blunt trauma patients with abdominopelvic CT scans on admission to a Level I trauma center between 2012 and 2014. Patients with CT evidence of acute BBMI without solid organ injury were included. The CT markers for BBMI included free intraperitoneal fluid, bowel hematoma, bowel wall thickening, mesenteric edema, hematoma and stranding. Two thousand blunt trauma cases were reviewed, and 94 patients (4.7%) met inclusion criteria. The average Injury Severity Score was 13.6 ± 10.1 and the median hospital stay was four days. The most common finding was free fluid (74 patients, 78.7%). The majority of patients (92, 97.9%) remained asymptomatic or clinically improved without abdominal surgery. After a change in abdominal examination, two patients (2.1%) underwent laparotomy with bowel perforation found in only one patient. Thus, 93 patients did not have a surgically significant injury, indicating that these markers demonstrate 1.1 per cent positive predictive value for bowel perforation. The presence of these markers after blunt trauma does not mandate laparotomy, though it should prompt thorough and continued vigilance toward the abdomen.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography in Adults with Bronchiectasis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: Typical Imaging Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2736
Author(s):  
Sabine Dettmer ◽  
Felix C. Ringshausen ◽  
Jan Fuge ◽  
Hannah Louise Maske ◽  
Tobias Welte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Microbiological Cure

Among patients with bronchiectasis, nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) ranged between 1 and 6% and it is suspected that its prevalence is underestimated. Our aim was to evaluate differences in computed tomography (CT) features in patients with bronchiectasis, with and without NTM-PD, in order to facilitate earlier diagnosis in the future. In addition, we evaluated longitudinal changes after successful NTM-PD treatment. One hundred and twenty-eight CTs performed in adults with bronchiectasis were scored for the involvement, type, and lobar distribution of bronchiectasis, bronchial dilatation, and bronchial wall thickening according to Reiff. In addition, associated findings, such as mucus plugging, tree-in-bud, consolidations, ground-glass opacities, interlobular thickening, intralobular lines, cavities, and atelectasis, were registered. Patients with NTM-PD (n = 36), as defined by ATS/IDSA diagnostic criteria, were compared to bronchiectasis patients without NTM-PD (n = 92). In twelve patients with an available consecutive CT scan after microbiological cure of NTM-PD imaging findings were also scored according to Kim and compared in the course. In patients with NTM-PD, there was a higher prevalence of bronchiectasis in the middle lobes (p < 0.001), extended bronchiolitis (p = 0.032) and more small and large nodules (p < 0.001). Furthermore, cavities turned out to be larger (p = 0.038), and walls thickened (p = 0.019) and extended (p = 0.016). Patients without NTM more often showed peripheral ground-glass opacities (0.003) and interstitial changes (p = 0.001). CT findings decreased after successful NTM-PD treatment in the follow-up CT; however, without statistical significance for most features (p = 0.056), but bronchiolitis was the only significantly reduced score item (p = 0.043). CT patterns in patients with bronchiectasis and NTM-PD differ from those of patients with bronchiectasis without NTM-PD, although the findings are non-specific radiological features. Follow-up CT findings after microbiological cure differed interindividual regarding the decline in imaging features. Our findings may help practitioners to identify NTM-PD in patients with bronchiectasis. Further research is needed regarding the use of CT as a potential imaging biomarker for the evaluation of treatment response.

Associations between clinical and imaging findings in posterior ankle impingement syndrome: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110083
Author(s):  
Peta Baillie ◽  
Susan Mayes ◽  
Jason Lam ◽  
Katia Ferrar ◽  
Jill Cook
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Ankle Impingement ◽  
Posterior Ankle Impingement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Asymptomatic Control

Background Posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS) is a common and debilitating condition, commonly affecting people who participate in activities that involve repetitive ankle plantarflexion. The relationship between clinical and imaging findings in PAIS has not been established. Purpose To investigate the relationship between clinical and imaging features in PAIS by reviewing the literature comparing symptomatic patients to asymptomatic controls. Material and Methods A systematic literature search was performed to identify all English-language articles that compared imaging features in patients diagnosed with PAIS to imaging in an asymptomatic control group. Results A total of 8394 articles were evaluated by title and abstract, and 156 articles were read in full text. No articles compared imaging findings to an asymptomatic control group, thus no articles met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion This systematic review found no published research that compared the imaging findings of people diagnosed with PAIS to asymptomatic people. Until this information is available, imaging features in people with posterior ankle impingement should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2: extracardiac radiological findings

2022 ◽  
Vol 95 (1129) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berna Ucan ◽  
Seda Kaynak Sahap ◽  
Hasibe Gokce Cinar ◽  
Yasemin Tasci Yildiz ◽  
Cigdem Uner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Deep Neck Infection ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Neck Ultrasound ◽  
Abdomen Ct ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Objective: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is seen as a serious delayed complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of this study was to describe the most common imaging features of MIS-C associated with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: A retrospective review was made of the medical records and radiological imaging studies of 47 children (26 male, 21 female) in the age range of 25 months–15 years who were diagnosed with MIS-C between August 2020 and March 2021. Chest radiographs were available for all 47 patients, thorax ultrasound for 6, chest CT for 4, abdominal ultrasound for 42, abdomen CT for 9, neck ultrasound for 4, neck CT for 2, brain CT for 1, and brain MRI for 3. Results: The most common finding on chest radiographs was perihilar–peribronchial thickening (46%). The most common findings on abdominal ultrasonography were mesenteric inflammation (42%), and hepatosplenomegaly (38%, 28%). Lymphadenopathy was determined in four patients who underwent neck ultrasound, one of whom had deep neck infection on CT. One patient had restricted diffusion and T2 hyperintensity involving the corpus callosum splenium on brain MRI, and one patient had epididymitis related with MIS-C. Conclusion: Pulmonary manifestations are uncommon in MIS-C. In the abdominal imaging, mesenteric inflammation, hepatosplenomegaly, periportal edema, ascites and bowel wall thickening are the most common findings. Advances in knowledge: The imaging findings of MIS-C are non-specific and can mimic many other pathologies. Radiologists should be aware that these findings may indicate the correct diagnosis of MIS-C.

scholarly journals Abdominal and pelvic imaging findings in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Anna Laskus ◽  
Monika Kamińska ◽  
Robert Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Abdominal Imaging ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Pulmonary Imaging ◽  
Pelvic Imaging ◽  
Gastrointestinal Abnormalities

Pulmonary imaging findings of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been widely described, but recently few studies have been published about abdominal and pelvic radiological presentation. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of abdominal imaging findings in patients with COVID-19. After investigation of recent published literature we came to conclusion that most common findings are associated with gastrointestinal abnormalities with mural thickening of part of gastrointestinal tract being the most common, followed by vascular and less frequently described solid organ and gallbladder abnormalities. It is important to be familiar with abdominal COVID-19 manifestations, since they’re often implicated with the development of poor clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Chest X-ray and chest CT findings in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis following solid organ transplantation: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irai Luis Giacomelli ◽  
Roberto Schuhmacher Neto ◽  
Edson Marchiori ◽  
Marisa Pereira ◽  
Bruno Hochhegger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

ABSTRACT The objective of this systematic review was to select articles including chest X-ray or chest CT findings in patients who developed pulmonary tuberculosis following solid organ transplantation (lung, kidney, or liver). The following search terms were used: “tuberculosis”; “transplants”; “transplantation”; “mycobacterium”; and “lung”. The databases used in this review were PubMed and the Brazilian Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Virtual Health Library). We selected articles in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, regardless of the year of publication, that met the selection criteria in their title, abstract, or body of text. Articles with no data on chest CT or chest X-ray findings were excluded, as were those not related to solid organ transplantation or pulmonary tuberculosis. We selected 29 articles involving a collective total of 219 patients. The largest samples were in studies conducted in Brazil and South Korea (78 and 35 patients, respectively). The imaging findings were subdivided into five common patterns. The imaging findings varied depending on the transplanted organ in these patients. In liver and lung transplant recipients, the most common pattern was the classic one for pulmonary tuberculosis (cavitation and “tree-in-bud” nodules), which is similar to the findings for pulmonary tuberculosis in the general population. The proportion of cases showing a miliary pattern and lymph node enlargement, which is most similar to the pattern seen in patients coinfected with tuberculosis and HIV, was highest among the kidney transplant recipients. Further studies evaluating clinical data, such as immunosuppression regimens, are needed in order to improve understanding of the distribution of these imaging patterns in this population.

Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Harms in Low and Middle Income Countries: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Brief Motivational Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled

BackgroundHarmful alcohol use leads to a large burden of disease and disability which disportionately impacts LMICs. The World Health Organization and the Lancet have issued calls for this burden to be addressed, but issues remain, primarily due to gaps in information. While a variety of interventions have been shown to be effective at reducing alcohol use in HICs, their efficacy in LMICs have yet to be assessed. This systematic review describes the current published literature on alcohol interventions in LMICs and conducts a meta analysis of clinical trials evaluating interventions to reduce alcohol use and harms in LMICs.MethodsIn accordance with PRISMA guidelines we searched the electronic databases Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus,Web of Science, Cochrane, and Psych Info. Articles were eligible if they evaluated an intervention targeting alcohol-related harm in LMICs. After a reference and citation analysis, we conducted a quality assessment per PRISMA protocol. A meta-analysis was performed on the 39 randomized controlled trials that evaluated an alcohol-related outcome.ResultsOf the 3,801 articles from the literature search, 87 articles from 25 LMICs fit the eligibility and inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 39 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Nine of these studies focused specifically on medication, while the others focused on brief motivational intervention, brain stimulation, AUDIT-based brief interventions, WHO ASSIST-based interventions, group based education, basic screening and interventions, brief psychological or counseling, dyadic relapse prevention, group counseling, CBT, motivational + PTSD based interview, and health promotion/awareness. Conclusion Issues in determining feasible options specific to LMICs arise from unstandardized interventions, unequal geographic distribution of intervention implementation, and uncertain effectiveness over time. Current research shows that brain stimulation, psychotherapy, and brief motivational interviews have the potential to be effective in LMIC settings, but further feasibility testing and efforts to standardize results are necessary to accurately assess their effectiveness.

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