Atypical bacterial pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia in children: a hospital-based study

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Agarwal ◽  
Shally Awasthi ◽  
Anuradha Rajput ◽  
Manoj Tiwari ◽  
Amita Jain
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

scholarly journals AMOXYCILLIN FOR COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
A. B. MALAKHOV ◽  
N. G. KOLOSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Cost

The majority of respiratory diseases have viral etiology, and they do not require antibacterial therapy since it does not affect the course of the disease, does not reduce the incidence of bacterial complications. The causes of tonsillitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia are bacterial pathogens, such as Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus), Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenza, S. aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis. Home treatment of children remains a global challenge, as it may be the cause of an unfavorable outcome in young children, and, therefore, the issues of diagnostics and rational antibiotic therapy are still relevant. Irrational use of antibiotics can promote growth of resistance of bacterial pathogens, increase the frequency of adverse reactions of therapy and increase the cost of treatment

scholarly journals Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bobylev ◽  
S. A. Rachina ◽  
S. N. Avdeev ◽  
R. S. Kozlov ◽  
M. V. Sukhorukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common comorbidities in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).The aim of this study was to investigate etiology of CAP in patients with concomitant CHF.Methods. This prospective observational study involved adult hospitalized patients with CAP and concomitant CHF. CAP was confirmed by chest X-ray. Sputum samples or oropharyngeal swabs, blood and urine samples were collected in all eligible patients before starting the therapy with systemic antibiotics. Sputum was cultured for «typical» bacterial pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacterales, etc., in accordance with standard methods and procedures. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and respiratory viruses in sputum or oropharyngeal swabs were identified using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Urine samples were used to determine serogroup 1 Legionella pneumophila and S. pneumoniae soluble antigens using bedside immunochromatography.Results. Fifty patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 72.2 ± 9.5 years, 27 (54%) were females. The etiology of CAP was identified in 23 cases (46%). S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen (16/23; 69.7%) followed by respiratory viruses (3/23; 13.1%), such as type 3 parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, human metapneumovirus; Haemophilus influenzae (1/23; 4.3%), S. aureus (1/23; 4.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1/23; 4.3%). S. pneumoniae and parainfluenza virus co-infection was diagnosed in one of 23 patients (4.3%).Conclusion. S. pneumoniae and respiratory viruses were predominant causative pathogens of CAP in hospitalized adults with concomitant CHF. Therefore, bedside tests for urine pneumococcal antigens should be used more widely considering difficult sputum expectoration in elderly. Atypical bacterial pathogens (M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila) were not identified in this study, so the routine PCR-test and urine tests for L. pneumophila antigens are thought to be not useful. 

Bacterial pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia in children aged below five years

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusmita Das ◽  
Saurav J. Patgiri ◽  
Lahari Saikia ◽  
Pritikar Dowerah ◽  
Reema Nath
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

scholarly journals Results of Detecting SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pathogens of Community-Acquired Pneumonia by PCR in the Tyumen Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
I. V. Bakshtanovskaya ◽  
T. F. Stepanova ◽  
G. V. Sharukho ◽  
A. N. Letyushev ◽  
K. B. Stepanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

The aim of this work was to identify the causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia and coinfection using PCR study of biomaterial from patients.Materials and methods. PCR testing of 268 samples from 258 patients was carried out to identify RNA/DNA of viral and bacterial pathogens of respiratory infections.Results and discussion. In 43.3 % of samples SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected, in 4.5 % – RNA/DNA of acute respiratory viral infections pathogens, in one sample – DNA of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Co-infection was detected only in patients of the anti-tuberculosis dispensary (SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). In the examined patients with pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was significantly more often detected in biomaterial from the lower respiratory tract (52 %) than in respiratory smears (8.5 %). In the first week from the onset of the disease, 19.2 % of positive samples were found, in the second – 56.5 %. 

scholarly journals Etiology of severe community - acquired pneumonia in adults: results of the first Russian multicenter study

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
I A Zakharenkov ◽  
S A Rachina ◽  
N N Dekhnich ◽  
R S Kozlov ◽  
A I Sinopalnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Endotracheal Aspirate ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Positive Results

Aim: to study the etiology of severe community - acquired pneumonia (SCAP) in adults in Russian Federation. SCAP is distinguished by high mortality and socio - economic burden. Both etiology and antimicrobial resistance are essential for appropriate antibiotic choice. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study recruited adults with confirmed diagnosis of SCAP admitted to multi - word hospitals of six Russian cities in 2014-2018. Etiology was confirmed by routine culture of blood, respiratory (sputum, endotracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage) and when appropriate, autopsy samples, urinary antigen tests (L. pneumophila serogroup 1, S. pneumoniae); real - time PCR for identification of “atypical” bacterial pathogens (M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila) and respiratory viruses (influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, etc.) was applied. Results. Altogether 109 patients (60.6% male; mean age 50.8±18.0 years old) with SCAP were enrolled. Etiological agent was identified in 65.1% of patients, S. pneumoniae, rhinovirus, S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were the most commonly isolated pathogens (found in 43.7, 15.5, 14.1 and 11.3% of patients with positive results of microbiological investigations, respectively). Bacteriemia was seen in 14.6% of patients and most commonly associated with S. pneumoniae. Co - infection with 2 or more causative agents was revealed in 36.6% of cases. Combination of bacterial pathogens (mainly S. pneumoniae with S. aureus or/and Enterobacterales) prevailed - 57.7% of cases; associations of bacteria and viruses were identified in 38.5% of patients, different viruses - in one case. Conclusion. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen in adults with SCAP. A high rate of respiratory viruses (mainly rhinovirus and influenza viruses) identification both as mixt infection with bacteria and mono - infection should be taken into account.

Use of the BioFire Film Array Blood Culture Identification(BCID) Panel(BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah) on Pleural Fluid Samples in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized for Community Acquired Pneumonia(CAP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S141-S141
Author(s):  
D M Drehner ◽  
A Nazario ◽  
G Franco ◽  
S Riggins ◽  
A Cadilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Introduction/Objective CAP accounts for approximately 124,000 pediatric hospitalizations annually. Those patients often have received antibiotics prior to admission. Many have concurrent viral infections. Bacterial infections accompanying viral respiratory infections are known to increase morbidity and mortality. Traditional bacterial culture methods are often negative because of previous antibiotic therapy. The BCID, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay, can identify 19 bacterial pathogens in approximately 90 minutes. It is FDA approved for blood culture isolates. We hypothesized it would detect bacterial pathogens in pleural effusions. Methods BCID panels were done on residual pleural fluid samples from 10 patients with severe community acquired pneumonia during the period 5/2018 – 12/2019. The patients had positive radiographic findings of pneumonia, were inpatients, had intact immune systems by clinical history and had received antibiotic therapy for more than 8 hours before specimen collection. Treatment required 133 inpatient days. 6 of 10 were diagnosed with viral respiratory pathogens. 1 of 9 had a positive blood culture. 1 of 10 had a positive pleural fluid culture. Results 10 of 10 pleural fluid specimens were positive for a pathogen on the BCID panel – 8, Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1, Staphylococcus aureus and I, Streptococcus pyogens. Two of ten had confirmatory positive cultures. Also, one pleural fluid gram stain showed gram positive cocci in chains and clusters. The BCID detected Streptococcus pyogens. Anti Streptolysin O was strongly positive, 964(0 – 70) IU/mL. Conclusion The yield of bacterial culture plummets with previous antibiotic treatment. FDA approved multiplex PCR panels have narrowly defined specimen requirements. That increases the cost and decreases test applicability. Despite a history of appropriate immunizations in the sample population Streptococcus pneumoniae may be prevalent in the complex pediatric pneumonia population. The BCID may be effective at pathogen detection in cases of complex pneumonia where patients have received prior antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals Normal Respiratory Flora as a Cause of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M Musher ◽  
Sirus J Jesudasen ◽  
Joseph W Barwatt ◽  
Daniel N Cohen ◽  
Benjamin J Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bacterial Speciation ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Reaction Thresholds ◽  
Time Of Admission

Abstract Background Intensive studies have failed to identify an etiologic agent in >50% cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Bacterial pneumonia follows aspiration of recognized bacterial pathogens (RBPs) such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus after they have colonize the nasopharynx. We hypothesized that aspiration of normal respiratory flora (NRF) might also cause CAP. Methods We studied 120 patients hospitalized for CAP who provided a high-quality sputum specimen at, or soon after admission, using Gram stain, quantitative sputum culture, bacterial speciation by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight, and viral polymerase chain reaction. Thresholds for diagnosis of bacterial infection were ≥105 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL sputum for RBPs and ≥106 cfu for NRF. Results Recognized bacterial pathogens were found in 68 of 120 (56.7%) patients; 14 (20.1%) of these had a coinfecting respiratory virus. Normal respiratory flora were found in 31 (25.8%) patients; 10 (32.2%) had a coinfecting respiratory virus. Infection by ≥2 RBPs occurred in 10 cases and by NRF together with RBPs in 13 cases. Among NRF, organisms identified as Streptococcus mitis, which share many genetic features of S pneumoniae, predominated. A respiratory virus alone was found in 16 of 120 (13.3%) patients. Overall, an etiologic diagnosis was established in 95.8% of cases. Conclusions Normal respiratory flora, with or without viral coinfection, appear to have caused one quarter of cases of CAP and may have played a contributory role in an additional 10.8% of cases caused by RBPs. An etiology for CAP was identified in >95% of patients who provided a high-quality sputum at, or soon after, the time of admission.

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