Persons at high risk for HIV infection in Kisumu, Kenya: identifying recruitment strategies for enrolment in HIV-prevention studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ogendo ◽  
F Otieno ◽  
M Nyikuri ◽  
S Shinde ◽  
M Nyambura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Prevention Studies

Women’s Issues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gorman ◽  
Judith Currier ◽  
Elise Hall ◽  
Julia del Amo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Living With Hiv

This chapter explores some of the unique challenges that often put women at higher risk of HIV infection and that create a course of illness that may differ from that found in men living with HIV. The first portion of the chapter discusses manifestations of HIV infection and the course of infection in women. It also addresses the particular issues associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) and women, and the interactions between ART and depression in women. The chapter then goes on to broach an important topic that puts many women at high risk for HIV infection: gender-based violence, as well as some of the key, albeit limited, research on effective interventions for gender-based violence and HIV prevention. The third part of the chapter addresses issues related specifically to HIV and pregnancy, including vertical transmission. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of a relatively neglected topic, HIV and menopause.

scholarly journals A14 Estimating time since HIV infection using next-generation sequencing data: A unique tool to help understand HIV prevention among high-risk young women in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Cholette ◽  
Christina Daniuk ◽  
Emma Lee ◽  
Rupert Capina ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Transactional Sex ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract The transitions study examines HIV risk among adolescent girls and young women through their sexual life course from first sex, to past and current engagement in casual sex, transactional sex, and, for some, formal sex work (FSW). Understanding the timing of HIV infection and the circumstances around early infection in young females is critical to HIV prevention interventions. We inferred time since HIV infection using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the HIV pol gene isolated from cross-sectional samples among high-risk young women in Dnipro, Ukraine. Dried blood spots were collected on Whatman 903 cards from young women aged 14–24 engaged in casual sex (n = 894), transactional sex (n = 464), and FSW (n = 452). The HIV pol gene was sequenced using an in-house NGS HIV drug resistance mutation genotyping assay. Time since HIV infection was inferred using an online tool as described by Puller et al. (2017) freely available at https://hiv.biozentrum.unibas.ch/ETI/. The mean estimated time since HIV infection (ETI) for participants engaged in casual sex, transactional sex, and FSW is 1.98, 1.84, and 3.01 years, respectively. ETI was used to determine the duration of HIV infection for each participant and compared to the number of sexually active years prior to FSW. Among FSW, 61 per cent of participants were infected with HIV prior to entry into sex work. In general, ETI from NGS data suggests that FSWs were infected with HIV before entry into FSW. Expansion of targeted prevention programs beyond FSW could play an important role in mitigating HIV transmission at the population level.

Preventing HIV Infection among Juvenile Delinquents: Educational Diagnosis Using the Health Belief Model

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Lux ◽  
Rick Petosa
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

The purpose of this study was to use an enhanced version of the Health Belief Model as a conceptual framework to describe health beliefs and safer sex intentions for HIV prevention educational needs of juvenile delinquents between the ages of thirteen to eighteen years incarcerated in state supported training schools in Ohio. An accessible sample ( n = 452) of juvenile delinquents from four of nine institutions was the study population. Juvenile delinquents in this study were at high risk for HIV infection. They reported low rates of safer sex intentions. Rates of perceived barriers to condom use and perceived social barriers to safer sex were high and consistent with low rates of safer sex intention. Rates of self-efficacy for condom use were high but inconsistent with intentions. While a majority of subjects reported self-efficacy for discussion of sexual histories, a larger majority reported low efficacy for disclosing previous high-risk behavior. This suggests that discussion of sexual history with a partner may not be effective in reducing risk among this population. The primary source of information about HIV was the mass media. HIV prevention programs for juvenile delinquents should consider the current health beliefs of this high-risk, hard-to-reach population.

scholarly journals Peer education for HIV prevention among high-risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu He ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Zhicheng Du ◽  
Jing Liao ◽  
Na He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Peer Education ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Unprotected Sex

Abstract Background: Peer education has become a strategy for health promotion among high-risk groups for HIV infection worldwide. However, the extent to which peer education could have an impact on HIV prevention or the long-term effect of this impact is still unknown. This study thus quantifies the impact of peer education over time among high-risk HIV groups globally. Method: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis was used to assess the effects and duration of peer education. A thorough literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library was performed, and studies about peer education on high-risk HIV groups were reviewed. Pooled effects were calculated and the sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 60 articles with 96484 subjects were identified, and peer education was associated with 36% decreased rates of HIV infection among overall high risk groups (OR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.47-0.87). Peer education can promote HIV testing (OR=3.19; 95%CI:2.13,4.79) and condom use (OR=2.66, 95% CI: 2.11-3.36) while reduce equipment sharing (OR=0.50; 95%CI:0.33,0.75) and unprotected sex (OR=0.82; 95%CI: 0.72-0.94). Time trend analysis revealed that peer education had a consistent effect on behavior change for over 24 months and the different follow-up times were a source of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Our study shows that peer education is an effective tool with long-term impact for behavior change among high-risk HIV groups worldwide. Low and middle-income countries are encouraged to conduct large-scale peer education.

scholarly journals Peer education for HIV prevention among high-risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu He ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Zhicheng Du ◽  
Jing Liao New ◽  
Na He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Peer Education ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Unprotected Sex

Abstract Background: Peer education has become a strategy for health promotion among high-risk groups for HIV infection worldwide. However, the extent to which peer education could have an impact on HIV prevention or the long-term effect of this impact is still unknown. This study thus quantifies the impact of peer education over time among high-risk HIV groups globally. Method: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis was used to assess the effects and duration of peer education. A thorough literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library was performed, and studies about peer education on high-risk HIV groups were reviewed. Pooled effects were calculated and the sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 60 articles with 96484 subjects were identified, and peer education was associated with 36% decreased rates of HIV infection among overall high risk groups (OR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.47-0.87). Peer education can promote HIV testing (OR=3.19; 95%CI:2.13,4.79) and condom use (OR=2.66, 95% CI: 2.11-3.36) while reduce equipment sharing (OR=0.50; 95%CI:0.33,0.75) and unprotected sex (OR=0.82; 95%CI: 0.72-0.94). Time trend analysis revealed that peer education had a consistent effect on behavior change for over 24 months and the different follow-up times were a source of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Our study shows that peer education is an effective tool with long-term impact for behavior change among high-risk HIV groups worldwide. Low and middle-income countries are encouraged to conduct large-scale peer education.

Runaway Teens at High Risk of HIV Infection

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Booth ◽  
◽  
Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection
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