Improving the Quality of Legal Aid: Impact Evaluation of Tech-Enabled Mediation in Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ramos Maqueda ◽  
Bernardo Silveira ◽  
Daniel Chen ◽  
Galileu Kim ◽  
Juliane Loew
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Legal Aid

Improving the Quality of Legal Aid: Impact Evaluation of Tech-Enabled Mediation in Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ramos Maqueda ◽  
Bernardo Silveira ◽  
Daniel Chen ◽  
Galileu Kim ◽  
Juliane Loew
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Legal Aid

Marketisation and competition in criminal legal aid: implications for access to justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Tom Smith ◽  
Ed Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Access To Justice ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Legal Representation ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Competitive Tendering ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
Liberal Reform ◽  
The Right

The right to legal representation is a fundamental right, and arrangements for funding this are crucial to ensuring access to justice for those accused of criminal offences. Criminal legal aid has long been regarded as an entitlement for most citizens, particularly the most economically vulnerable. However, criminal legal aid has been cast in a different light in recent years, viewed not through the lens of welfarism but subjected to neo-liberal values such as cost neutrality, marketisation and managerialism. This was particularly evident in the ‘Transforming Legal Aid’ consultation of 2013, which resurrected the idea of competitive tendering for provision of criminal legal aid services. Although not pursued in full, subsequent changes – including cuts of 8.75% to fees for legal aid lawyers – appear to have significantly affected the scope of criminal legal aid. The number of providers of such services has consistently declined over the past decade and firms have frequently reported significant financial pressure. Arguably, these reforms – justified in neo-liberal terms – have affected access to justice and by extension the quality of justice offered by the Criminal Justice System, CJS. This chapter will examine the market-driven reform of criminal legal aid in recent years, and consider two apparent examples of impact: evidence of an increasing number of litigants-in-person in criminal cases; and the outsourcing of police station work to independent ‘agents’. The chapter will also question some of the apparent contradictions in neo-liberal reform of criminal legal aid, such as the deliberate policy of reducing the size of the provider market; and the ‘false economies’ created by the pursuit of efficiency and economy: goals which are underpinned and enforced by the Criminal Procedure Rules.

A framework for prognosis research

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Peter Croft ◽  
Richard D Riley ◽  
Karel GM Moons ◽  
Harry Hemingway
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Prognosis Research

This chapter introduces the PROGRESS framework, which describes four types of prognosis research, each addressing different questions. The four types concern: studies of overall prognosis (the average outcome, or outcome risk, in people with a particular health condition, in the context of the nature and quality of current care); prognostic factors (characteristics associated with changes in the average outcome, or outcome risk, across individuals); prognostic models (development, validation, and impact evaluation of statistical models, incorporating multiple prognostic factors for use in clinical practice to predict an individual’s outcome value or to estimate their outcome risk); and predictors of treatment effect (characteristics that predict whether an individual responds to a particular treatment or not). Examples of each type are given to illustrate the framework.

Impact Evaluation of Mud Cake Thickness on Shearing Strength at Cement-Formation Interface

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 1337-1340
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Bao Lin Yang ◽  
Yi Jun Yang ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Ji Biao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Cake Thickness ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Shearing Strength ◽  
The Impact

In order to evaluate the impact of mud cake thickness on shearing strength at cement-formation interface accurately, a feasible simulation experiment system and evaluation method was established, which includes preparation of artificial core, formation of mud cake, maintenance of the samples and testing of the Shear bond strength of cement-formation interface. Based on this, by taking commonly used drilling fluid from Shuangjiang oilfield, Jinglou oilfield and Zhongyuan oilfield in China as examples, the laboratory impact evaluation results show that: (1) As for different drilling fluid system, the shearing strength at cement-formation interface of the cement-formation interface keeps a general tendency to an obvious decline as the growing of the mud cake thickness. (2) In the same drilling fluid system, though different in the time of maintenance, the variation trends that the shearing strength at cement-formation interface declines as the growing thickness of the mud cake are similar. (3) The declining rate of shearing strength at the cement-formation interface will reach 83.4 %-99.9 % when the mud cake thickness is 5mm. These developments of this paper can be used to optimize the design of drilling fluid and cementing technology, and consequently improve the cementation quality of cement-formation interface to meet the demands of highly-efficient petroleum production.

Practical Framework for Benchmarking and Impact Evaluation of Public Transportation Infrastructure: Case of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rounaq Basu ◽  
Bianca Bianchi Alves
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Although accessibility to opportunities is essential for good quality of life, it is strongly dependent on mobility options. This paper provides a practical framework for benchmarking and impact evaluation of public transportation infrastructure, which is demonstrated with a case study of Belo Horizonte in Brazil. It was found that the number of stops per kilometer of bus route is quite low in Belo Horizonte compared with other cities with similar population density, despite the city having a much larger bus network. Three types of opportunities were then considered: employment, education, and potential for social interaction. An isochrone model was used for implementing the cumulative opportunities approach to measure accessibility. GTFS data were used to conduct simulations of transit schedules to obtain two accessibility indicators. The first finding shows that the public transportation system does not provide good connectivity to areas with high population density. While examining sensitivity to travel time thresholds, accessibility was found to increase with increase in travel time but not equally so for populations with different income levels. Lower income cohorts were seen to have lower accessibility than higher income counterparts, irrespective of the type of opportunity. It was found that transport network improvements should aim to reduce the income gap of 60% of BPL population by at least 8%. Finally, recommendations are provided for areas of investment by highlighting critical transit corridors and a critical but isolated underserved suburb. This framework can be easily applied to other case studies around the world.

scholarly journals Adoption of modern beekeeping and its impact on honey production in the former Mwingi District of Kenya: assessment using theory-based impact evaluation approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hippolyte D. Affognon ◽  
W.S. Kingori ◽  
A.I. Omondi ◽  
M.G. Diiro ◽  
B.W. Muriithi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Adoption Decisions ◽  
The Impact

This study used the theory-based impact evaluation approach to understand as to how promotion of beekeeping by the Commercial Insects Programme (CIP) of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) has had an impact on honey production in the former Mwingi District of Kenya (now merged into Kitui County). We examined the adoption of modern hives promoted byicipeand applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the technical efficiency (TE) of participants in CIP. CIP participants had an average TE of 0.56, which was significantly higher than that of non-participants in the former Kitui District (average TE of 0.26). Those who adopted modern hives achieved the highest average levels of TE (0.59). The study fits a Probit model to identify the drivers of adoption and a Tobit model to assess the intensity of adoption of modern hives. The propensity score matching approach was used to evaluate the impact of modern hives on honey production. Results indicate that perceptions about the yield and quality of honey obtained from modern hives significantly increased beekeepers' adoption decisions. The intensity of adoption expressed as the proportion of modern hives owned by beekeepers was significantly high among farmers who participated in CIP. A positive and significant relationship was observed between the adoption of modern hives and the quantity of honey produced. The present study indicates, through the average TE, that considerable room still exists for the improvement of beekeeping and provides strong evidence for scaling up the dissemination of modern hives in areas of Kenya with high potential.

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