Early Childhood Programs Change Test Scores but Do They Change Brain Activity?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Ye
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Early Childhood Programs

Background Brief on Early Childhood Programs

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Thiele-Cirka ◽  
Patrick Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Programs

Learning from assessment: Improving the use of child assessment data in early childhood programs

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Brooks ◽  
Chris Blodgett ◽  
Tamara Halle ◽  
Emily Moiduddin ◽  
Dina C. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Assessment ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Early Childhood Programs

Models of supervision in early childhood programs: Implications for training

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Sheerer ◽  
Karen L. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Programs

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Feedback Processing in Toddlers

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1519-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Meyer ◽  
Harold Bekkering ◽  
Denise J. C. Janssen ◽  
Ellen R. A. de Bruijn ◽  
Sabine Hunnius
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Neural Feedback

External feedback provides essential information for successful learning. Feedback is especially important for learning in early childhood, as toddlers strongly rely on external signals to determine the consequences of their actions. In adults, many electrophysiological studies have elucidated feedback processes using a neural marker called the feedback-related negativity (FRN). The neural generator of the FRN is assumed to be the ACC, located in medial frontal cortex. As frontal brain regions are the latest to mature during brain development, it is unclear when in early childhood a functional feedback system develops. Is feedback differentiated on a neural level in toddlers and in how far is neural feedback processing related to children's behavioral adjustment? In an EEG experiment, we addressed these questions by measuring the brain activity and behavioral performance of 2.5-year-old toddlers while they played a feedback-guided game on a touchscreen. Electrophysiological results show differential brain activity for feedback with a more negative deflection for incorrect than correct outcomes, resembling the adult FRN. This provides the first neural evidence for feedback processing in toddlers. Notably, FRN amplitudes were predictive of adaptive behavior: the stronger the differential brain activity for feedback, the better the toddlers' adaptive performance during the game. Thus, already in early childhood toddlers' feedback-guided performance directly relates to the functionality of their neural feedback processing. Implications for early feedback-based learning as well as structural and functional brain development are discussed.

Early Education and Care: Beginnings

1995 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Schickedanz
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Education ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Early Childhood Programs ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Education Leaders ◽  
Early Education And Care ◽  
Education And Care

The importance of the earliest years of life has been recognized throughout history. Many philosophers and religious leaders have commented on the power of early experiences to affect the rest of a child's life. Early education leaders sometimes provided manuals and other materials to assist parents in educating their children at home, but schools for children under six are a very recent phenomenon. During the twentieth century, education for young children under six has become increasingly common, but this level of education is still not an integral part of most school systems. Perhaps the twenty-first century will see the development of seamless early childhood programs, preschool through third grade.

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