scholarly journals Personal Retirement Accounts and Saving

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Aguila
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Social Security Reforms ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Retirement Wealth

Aging populations are leading countries worldwide to social security reforms. Many countries are moving from pay-as-you-go to personal retirement account (PRA) systems because of their financial sustainability and positive impact on private savings. PRA systems boost private savings at a macro level by converting a government liability into financial wealth managed by private fund managers. However, at a micro level, changes in retirement wealth affect individuals' saving and consumption patterns through their working lives. Retirement wealth increased for lower-income workers after Mexico introduced PRAs, crowding out saving, increasing consumption, and offsetting some of the PRA effect on private savings. (JEL D14, E21, H55, J26, O16)

scholarly journals Impact of a Reform Towards Shared Parental Leave on Continued Fertility in Norway and Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205-1229
Author(s):  
Ann-Zofie Duvander ◽  
Trude Lappegard ◽  
Mats Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fertility Behavior ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Equal Division ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Policy Effect ◽  
Work Burden

AbstractIt has been argued that a generous family policy aimed at a gender-equal division of childcare and economic responsibility will have a positive impact on childbearing. In this study, we investigate whether fathers’ parental leave use is related to continued childbearing and whether there has been a policy effect on fertility behavior due to the introduction of the father’s quota in Norway and Sweden. Fathers’ parental leave use may affect fertility by easing women’s work burden at home and thus enhancing the degree of compatibility between childrearing and female employment, and it may increase fathers’ interest in children and childcare. To distinguish causality from selection in the effects observed, we use the natural experiment of the introduction of the father’s quotas. The results indicate that the reforms did not influence fertility in Norway but that Swedish couples with a lower income had a temporary higher third-birth risk. Fathers in this group showed the greatest increase in leave use after the reform.

scholarly journals Locating the difference: A comparison of pedagogic strategies in high and low performing schools

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Kaylianne Rialda Aploon-Zokufa
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Low Performing Schools ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Research Studies

A number of research studies have suggested that specific pedagogic strategies can have a positive impact on learning, and in turn, have a positive impact on school performance, in particular for children being schooled in disadvantaged contexts. This analysis describes and measures how four of these pedagogic strategies identified in research – the pacing of a lesson, the sequence and coherence of a lesson, cognitive demand and the nature of feedback within a lesson – are displayed in higher and lower performing schools located in lower-income communities in the Western Cape. The analysis forms part of a broader research project, SPADE (Schools Performing Above Demographic Expectation), and is based on fifteen video-recorded Grade 3 numeracy lessons. The analysis suggests a relationship between specific pedagogic strategies and higher performance for individual learners and for schools. The analysis also identifies further effective pedagogic strategies in higher performing schools in lower-income communities.

scholarly journals How Do Management Fees Affect Retirement Wealth under Mexico's Personal Retirement Accounts System?

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Aguila ◽  
Michael D. Hurd ◽  
Susann Rohwedder
Keyword(s):  
Management Fees ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
Retirement Wealth

scholarly journals How does a (Smart) Age-Friendly Ecosystem Look in a Post-Pandemic Society?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8276
Author(s):  
Hannah Ramsden Marston ◽  
Linda Shore ◽  
P.J. White
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Living Will ◽  
Opportunities To Respond ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Agile Approach

COVID-19 has impacted not only the health of citizens, but also the various factors that make up our society, living environments, and ecosystems. This pandemic has shown that future living will need to be agile and flexible to adapt to the various changes in needs of societal populations. Digital technology has played an integral role during COVID-19, assisting various sectors of the community, and demonstrating that smart cities can provide opportunities to respond to many future societal challenges. In the decades ahead, the rise in aging populations will be one of these challenges, and one in which the needs and requirements between demographic cohorts will vary greatly. Although we need to create future smart age-friendly ecosystems to meet these needs, technology still does not feature in the WHO eight domains of an age-friendly city. This paper extends upon Marston and van Hoof’s ‘Smart Age-friendly Ecosystem’ (SAfE) framework, and explores how digital technology, design hacking, and research approaches can be used to understand a smart age-friendly ecosystem in a post-pandemic society. By exploring a series of case studies and using real-life scenarios from the standpoint of COVID-19, we propose the ‘Concept of Age-friendly Smart Ecologies (CASE)’ framework. We provide an insight into a myriad of contemporary multi-disciplinary research, which are capable to initiate discussions and bring various actors together with a positive impact on future planning and development of age-friendly ecosystems. The strengths and limitations of this framework are outlined, with advantages evident in the opportunity for towns, regions/counties, provinces, and states to take an agile approach and work together in adopting and implement improvements for the greater benefits of residents and citizens.

scholarly journals Changing contexts: from criminal to citizen

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-526
Author(s):  
Aidan McKearney
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sexual Citizenship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical reflection on the profound changes regarding sexual minority rights in Britain and Ireland. It seeks to illustrate how recent legislative changes can impact the working lives of gay employees living and working in nonmetropolitan locales. The paper also aims to assess the role of LGBTQI movements, groups and networks, in facilitating voice and visibility and advancing equality. Design/methodology/approach Secondary research was undertaken to assist in contextualising the empirical findings, within a literature review. The paper presents findings derived from a qualitative study, involving in-depth interviews with 44 gay men in Britain and Ireland. Findings LGBTQI movements and groups have played a crucial role in facilitating voice, and visibility for LGBTQI people in both Britain and Ireland. These movements have themselves, undergone change, moving from liberationist-queer-radical approaches to normalising-sexual citizenship-radical approaches. Significant legislative advances have taken place in the 2000s, and these have had a positive impact on gay workers. However, there is a continuing need for organisations to respond in ever more strategic, effective and inclusive ways, if the promise of sexual citizenship is to be realised by gay people in the workplace. Local, self-organised LGBT groups can play an important role in building sexual citizenship in nonmetropolitan locales. Originality/value This paper’s value and contribution lie in its application of theoretical principles and models, most notably models of sexual citizenship, in a specific historical, geographical and spatial context. The paper offers an insight into the lives of gay men who reside and work in nonmetropolitan locales; and highlights the emergence of subtle forms of gay resistance and radicalism, through self-organised groups.

scholarly journals Manager-Investor Conflicts in Mutual Funds

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Mutual Fund Managers ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
Regulatory Proposals

Half of all of U.S. households own shares in one or more mutual funds, either directly or through personal or employer-sponsored retirement accounts. This article describes the structure and regulation of mutual funds and the resulting incentives facing those who make decisions for the funds. After providing some basic institutional details, it focuses on the cash flows from mutual fund investors to fund managers, brokers, and other third parties and the associated conflicts of interest. The article concludes with a summary of recent legal proceedings against mutual fund managers and brokers based on improper trading practices and regulatory proposals to curb those practices.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Fund Manager’s Personal Characteristics on Fund Performance in China’s Fund Market - Based on DEA Model and Threshold Panel Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Li ◽  
Siying Li
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Fund Performance ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Study Experience ◽  
The Impact

This paper chooses 11 personal characteristics of fund managers in China’s fund market and classifies them into four categories: physiological characteristics, educational background, professional experience and professional skills. Then, the paper uses DEA model and threshold panel model to study influences of fund managers’ personal characteristics on fund performance in China’s fund market. In this paper, the model of input-oriented DEA is used to calculate super efficiency DEA which measures fund performance. Empirical findings show that number of working days, years of being fund manager, number of funds held, master’s degree or doctorate degree, MBA degree, overseas study experience and the fund’s performance, has significant positive impact on fund performance, while age is negatively correlated with fund performance. In addition, the availability of professional skills such as CPA and CFA and the absence of major in business have no significant effect on fund performance.

scholarly journals FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, WORKERS’ REMITTANCES AND PRIVATE SAVING IN PAKISTAN: AN ARDL BOUND TESTING APPROACH

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and workers’ remittances on private savings of Pakistan. This study employs ARDL bound testing co-integration approach, rolling window analysis, Granger causality test, Toda and Yamamoto Modified Wald causality test and variance decomposition test. Results indicate the significant positive impact of FDI and workers’ remittances on private savings in the long and short run. Causality analyses confirm the bidirectional causal relationship of FDI and workers’ remittances with private savings. It is recommended that policy makers should form friendly policies to attract more FDI and workers’ remittances in the country which leads to increase private savings in Pakistan. This leads to increase more fund for financial intermediaries to increase domestic investment opportunities in the country. This paper makes a unique contribution to the literature with reference to Pakistan, being a pioneering attempt to investigate the impact of FDI and workers’ remittances on private savings of Pakistan by using the long annual time series data and applying more rigorous econometric techniques.

scholarly journals Target-date funds and portfolio choice in 401(k) plans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Olivia S. Mitchell ◽  
Stephen P. Utkus
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Choice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Idiosyncratic Risk ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Company Stock ◽  
Target Date ◽  
Target Date Funds ◽  
Retirement Wealth

Abstract Target-date funds in corporate retirement plans grew from $5 billion in 2000 to $734 billion in 2018, partly because federal regulation sanctioned these as default investments in automatic enrollment plans. We show that adopters delegated pension investment decisions to fund managers selected by plan sponsors. Inclusion of these funds in retirement saving menus raised equity shares, boosted bond exposures, curtailed cash/company stock holdings, and reduced idiosyncratic risk. The adoption of low-cost target-date funds may enhance retirement wealth by as much as 50% over a 30-year horizon.

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