scholarly journals Reducing Inequality through Dynamic Complementarity: Evidence from Head Start and Public School Spending

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucker C. Johnson ◽  
C. Kirabo Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Adult Outcomes ◽  
Educational Investments ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Poor Children ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
School Spending

We compare the adult outcomes of cohorts who were differentially exposed to policy-induced changes in Head Start and K–12 spending, depending on place and year of birth. IV and sibling-difference estimates indicate that, for poor children, these policies both increased educational attainment and earnings, and reduced poverty and incarceration. The benefits of Head Start were larger when followed by access to better-funded schools, and increases in K–12 spending were more efficacious when preceded by Head Start exposure. The findings suggest dynamic complementarities, implying that early educational investments that are sustained may break the cycle of poverty. (JEL H52, H75, I21, I26, I28, I32, I38)

scholarly journals The Effects of School Spending on Educational and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from School Finance Reforms *

2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kirabo Jackson ◽  
Rucker C. Johnson ◽  
Claudia Persico
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Finance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Outcomes ◽  
Finance Reform ◽  
School Finance Reform ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
K 12 ◽  
School Spending

Abstract Since the Coleman Report, many have questioned whether public school spending affects student outcomes. The school finance reforms that began in the early 1970s and accelerated in the 1980s caused dramatic changes to the structure of K–12 education spending in the United States. To study the effect of these school finance reform–induced changes in public school spending on long-run adult outcomes, we link school spending and school finance reform data to detailed, nationally representative data on children born between 1955 and 1985 and followed through 2011. We use the timing of the passage of court-mandated reforms and their associated type of funding formula change as exogenous shifters of school spending, and we compare the adult outcomes of cohorts that were differentially exposed to school finance reforms, depending on place and year of birth. Event study and instrumental variable models reveal that a 10% increase in per pupil spending each year for all 12 years of public school leads to 0.31 more completed years of education, about 7% higher wages, and a 3.2 percentage point reduction in the annual incidence of adult poverty; effects are much more pronounced for children from low-income families. Exogenous spending increases were associated with notable improvements in measured school inputs, including reductions in student-to-teacher ratios, increases in teacher salaries, and longer school years.

Alternative Assessment for Music Students with Significant Disabilities

2019 ◽  
pp. 224-241
Author(s):  
Donald DeVito ◽  
Megan M. Sheridan ◽  
Jian-Jun Chen-Edmund ◽  
David Edmund ◽  
Steven Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
General Music ◽  
Significant Disabilities ◽  
School Music ◽  
K 12

How is it possible to move beyond assessment for the purposes of evaluating teacher proficiency and student performance outcomes and instead to consider assessment for understanding student musical experiences and preferences for the purpose of promoting lifelong musical engagement? This chapter includes and examines three distinct music education approaches that have been taken at the K–12 Sidney Lanier Center School for students with varying exceptionalities in Gainesville, Florida. Megan Sheridan illustrates inclusion and assessment using the Kodály approach. David Edmund and Jian-Jun Chen-Edmund examine creative lessons developed for exceptional learners in a general music setting. Steven Bingham and Donald DeVito illustrate adaptive jazz inclusion and performance for public school and university students with disabilities. This collaborative development in qualitative music assessment has taken place through (1) developing methods of communicating recognition of student engagement and affective responses during inclusive engagement in public school music education settings, specifically in Kodaly-based music instruction, K–12 general music classes, and secondary jazz ensembles; (2) using students’ interest and engagement as a means of curriculum development and assessment in inclusive public school music settings; and (3) building collaborative relationships with parents and the community for post-school lifelong music learning.

Educational Meaning Making and Language Learning: Understanding the Educational Incorporation of Unaccompanied, Undocumented Latinx Youth Workers in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 003804072199600
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Canizales
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
The United States ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Youth Workers ◽  
K 12

Immigration scholars agree that educational attainment is essential for the success of immigrant youth in U.S. society and functions as a key indicator of how youth will fare in their transition into adulthood. Research warns of downward or stagnant mobility for people with lower levels of educational attainment. Yet much existing research takes for granted that immigrant youth have access to a normative parent-led household, K–12 schools, and community resources. Drawing on four years of ethnographic observations and interviews with undocumented Latinx young adults (ages 18 to 31) who arrived in Los Angeles, California, as unaccompanied youth, I examine the educational meaning making and language learning of Latinx individuals coming of age as workers without parents and legal status. Findings show that Latinx immigrant youth growing up outside of Western-normative parent-led households and K–12 schools and who remain tied to left-behind families across transnational geographies tend to equate education with English language learning. Education—as English language learning—is essential to sobrevivencia, or survival, during their transition to young adulthood as workers and transnational community participants.

A Case Study of the Virginia Head Start/Public School Transition Project

NHSA Dialog ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
M. Jerry Cline ◽  
Frances Bridges-Cline
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Head Start ◽  
School Transition ◽  
Transition Project

scholarly journals Stress in the Workplace, Depression, and Academic Workloads of Public School Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-423
Author(s):  
Noel L. Dominado ◽  
Lilia G. Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
High School Teachers ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Junior High School Teachers ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Stress and depression are unavoidable in the workplace and have turn out to be a perennial have fascinated many researcher in modern eras. The current study aims to findings the relationship between demographic profile, stress, and depression in the workplace. A descriptive sequential explanatory research design was used. A questionnaire was adopted from the American Institute of stress (2011) and Depression organization New Zealand (n.d.), the open-ended question on academic workloads, and coping mechanism as the whole main instruments used to gather the data for the current study. A total of 100 public school teachers were randomly selected from 7 clusters in the Division of Pampanga – Philippines. The result showed that the majority of the respondents were between the ages 32-37 years old, 53% of them were male, 84% were junior high school teachers, and 26% had been serving four to seven years, the stress grand mean 2.13 which means they were disagreeing, a total score of 63% of the respondents was moderately well,  the depression grand mean was  1.76 with a descriptive rating of several days, a total score of 57.6%  of the respondents moderately well, but things may get worse. It is also revealed that there is no significant as to sex, depression, stress, teaching level, and educational attainment. While the age, depression, sex, stress, teaching level, depression, educational attainment, years in service to stress, depression stating that there is a highly significant.

Building Trauma Informed Schools: A Survey of Teachers’ Knowledge, Skills and Needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Yvonne Vissing ◽  
Michele Solloway ◽  
Samantha Koury
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School District ◽  
New England ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
K 12

Teachers regularly find themselves in situations when they are dealing with students who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACES) and trauma. In a survey of public school K-12 teachers in a New England school district, this article analyzes their trauma-related knowledge, skills and needs. While they feel they are doing the best they can, most do not have formal training on how to identify trauma in students or how best to address it. Most indicate that they do not have sufficient background in trauma identification, prevention or treatment and they feel they would benefit from it. Building trauma-informed schools will provide both teachers and students with greater supports and systems for more successfully addressing the traumas they carry.

Head Start: Making a Popular Program Work

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS J. BESHAROV ◽  
TERRY W. HARTLE
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Poor Children

Head Start, the federal government's preschool program for low-income children, is one of the nation's most popular domestic initiatives. In 1980, President Carter praised it as "a program that works." President Reagan included Head Start in the "safety net" and has presided over a substantial funding increase. Head Start began in 1965 as a 6-week summer experiment in using child development services to improve the future prospects of disadvantaged children. It quickly became a full year program. Now, 20 years old, it serves about 450,000 children, at an annual cost of more than $1 billion. The program's popularity is based on the widespread impression that it lifts poor children out of poverty by improving their learning ability and school performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document